Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation promotes the extinction of fear memory through the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway.

Synaptic plasticity plays a crucial role in the extinction of fearful memories. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can modulate synaptic plasticity and promote the extinction of fear memories. However, the mechanism by which TUS promotes the extinction of fear memory remains unclear.

Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Modulates the Excitability of Motor Cortical Neural Activity by Stimulating the Cerebellum.

Functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the motor cortex is critical for motor function. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has been proved to directly activate cerebellar neural activity. However, whether and how TUS of the cerebellum modulates neural activity in the motor cortex is unclear.

Inhibition of Sirtuin 2 enhances autophagy and restores neuronal function in aged hippocampal neurons.

Age-related cognitive decline is linked to impaired autophagy and hippocampal dysfunction. This study investigates the role of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in age-related cognitive decline, focusing on its impact on autophagy and hippocampal function. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed 67 significantly dysregulated proteins in the hippocampus of naturally aged male mice, including upregulated SIRT2 and impaired autophagy.

[Realizing Green Synergistic Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt： A Quantitative Analysis Based on the Synergistic Effect of Regional Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions].

Making coordinated efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions is not only an effective way to cope with climate change and solve the pollution problem but also the primary tool to promote comprehensive green transformation. Based on synergistic theory and the concept of green development， this study systematically considers the synergistic effects of various elements across economic， resource， and environmental dimensions. It constructs an Economic Resource-Pollution Reduction-Carbon Reduction index system to quantitatively assess the synergistic effects of pollution and carbon reduction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Mbnl1 Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Microglia/Macrophage Polarization via NF-κB Pathway.

Activated and polarized microglia regulate neuroinflammatory responses and programmed cell death processes in ischemic stroke. Although the inactivation of muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1) is known to cause structural defects in the brain, its role in microglial apoptosis and polarization remains unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of Mbnl1 in ischemic stroke, particularly its role in the regulation of microglial apoptosis and polarization, as well as its impact on neuroinflammatory responses and cognitive dysfunction.

Traditional Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke in China.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a devastating disease with high disability and mortality rates worldwide. Despite advances in medical treatment, managing IS remains a significant challenge. In China, traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) are often sought as alternative pharmacotherapies for both prevention and rehabilitation because of their proven efficacy and relatively low incidence of adverse reactions.

Poliumoside alleviates microglia-mediated inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption via modulating the polarization of microglia after ischemic stroke in mice.

Background: Ischemic stroke remains a life-threatening condition with limited therapeutic options. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation critically exacerbates acute ischemic injury. The active compound poliumoside (Pol) in Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects.

A new mechanism of high-altitude adaptation reducing myocardium infarction: inhibiting inflammation-induced ubiquitin degradation of BK to enhance coronary vasodilation.

Our prior research demonstrated that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) pretreatment confers cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. However, the precise mechanisms underlying CIHH's cardioprotective effects remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to elucidate the upstream signaling pathways and dynamic regulation of BK channels in mediating CIHH-induced cardioprotection through coronary artery vasodilation in rats.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Remyelination by Down-regulating the Interleukin-17A/Notch1 Signaling Pathway in Mice with Ischemic Stroke.

Increasing evidence indicates that oligodendrocyte (OL) numbers and myelin as a dynamic cellular compartment perform a key role in the maintenance of neuronal function. Inhibiting white matter (WM) demyelination or promoting remyelination has garnered interest for its potential therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke. Our previous work has shown that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) could improve stroke recovery.

Silibinin protects the ischemic brain in mice by exerting anti-apoptotic effects via the EGFR/ERK pathway.

Apoptosis is a significant occurrence of cell death in the cerebral ischemia process, potentially revealing specific treatment points. Silibinin (SIL) has been proven to regulate a range of biological effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to impact cell apoptosis owing to its proliferative activity, which is in the opposite direction of apoptosis.

Melatonin Promotes Cerebral Angiogenesis in Ischemic Mice via BMP6/Smad1/5/9 Pathway.

Angiogenesis facilitates the reinstatement of blood supply to cerebral tissues after stroke by reconstructing the vascular network, thereby rescuing the penumbra region and restoring neural functions. Melatonin can modulate angiogenesis under a variety of biological and disease-related states, and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) targets regulators associated with angiogenesis. The specific functions of melatonin and BMP6 in angiogenesis following cerebral infarction, along with the potential intrinsic regulatory interactions between them, are currently unclear and need further investigation.

Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Promotes Neurogenesis in Ischemic Stroke Mice Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Activation and Neurotrophic Factor Production.

Synchronized neurogenesis and angiogenesis after stroke have been well documented, and inducing neurovascular remodeling may provide a promising strategy to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) was reported to exert a potent angiogenic activity in rodent models of stroke. However, little is currently known regarding the effects and mechanisms of NBP on neurogenesis in ischemic stroke.

Key mechanisms of angiogenesis in the infarct core: association of macrophage infiltration with venogenesis.

Angiogenesis in the ischemic penumbra compensates for microcirculatory dysfunction and promotes neuronal plasticity after stroke. However, the current understanding may be highly biased because the contribution of veins to angiogenesis has been overlooked. This study revealed that the remodeling processes of veins differ from those of arteries after ischemia.

3-HKA Promotes Vascular Remodeling After Stroke by Modulating the Activation of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocytes.

Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease and the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Recent studies have shown that stroke development and prognosis are closely related to abnormal tryptophan metabolism. Here, significant downregulation of 3-hydroxy-kynurenamine (3-HKA) in stroke patients and animal models is identified.

The influence of baseline platelet on mortality risk in stroke and cancer patients: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database.

Background: Platelet count and function may be closely related to survival and prognosis of stroke and cancer. However, little is known on the impact of platelet count on the patients with a history of stroke and cancer. This study aimed to examine the association between baseline platelet level and all-cause mortality in this population using a cross-sectional analysis.

Protective Effect of Platycodin D on Allergic Rhinitis in Mice through DPP4/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition.

Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory condition characterized by nasal mucosa remodeling, driven by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Platycodin D (PLD) exhibits a wide range of bioactive properties.

Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate the potential protective effects of PLD on AR, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Electrophysiological Mechanism of Catestatin Antiarrhythmia: Enhancement of , and and Inhibition of in Rat Ventricular Myocytes.

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death globally. Myocardial ischemia and infarction, in particular, frequently cause disturbances in cardiac electrical activity that can trigger ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to investigate whether catestatin, an endogenous catecholamine-inhibiting peptide, ameliorates myocardial ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats and the underlying ionic mechanisms.

Modified histological staining for the identification of arterial and venous segments of brain microvessels.

Background: This study aimed to develop a modified histochemical staining technique to successfully identify arterial and venous segments of brain microvessels.

New Method: Gelatin/red ink-alkaline phosphatase-oil red O (GIAO) staining was developed from the traditional gelatin-ink perfusion method. Oil red Chinese ink for brush writing and painting mixed with gelatin was used to label cerebral vascular lumens.

An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) regulates cerebral blood flow by improving hypoperfusion, cerebrovascular reactivity and microcirculation disturbances after stroke.

Background: The restoration of cerebrovascular regulation and improvement of cerebral blood flow in ischaemic regions are crucial for improving the clinical prognosis after stroke. An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) is a famous traditional compound Chinese medicine that has been used for over 220 years to treat acute ischaemic stroke; however, its role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of AGNHW on cerebral blood flow and microcirculation after ischaemic stroke and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.

STZ-induced diabetes exacerbates neurons ferroptosis after ischemic stroke by upregulating LCN2 in neutrophils.

Diabetic is a major contributor to the unfavorable prognosis of ischemic stroke. However, intensive hypoglycemic strategies do not improve stroke outcomes, implying that diabetes may affect stroke outcomes through other ways. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death pathway associated with the development of diabetes and ischemic stroke.

Salidroside promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia in mice through Shh signaling pathway.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of salidroside on vascular regeneration, vascular structural changes and long-term neurological recuperation following cerebral ischemia and its possible mechanism.

Main Methods: From Day 1 to Day 28, young male mice with middle cerebral artery blockage received daily doses of salidroside and measured neurological deficits. On the 7th day after stroke, the volume of cerebral infarction was determined using TTC and HE staining.