Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Modulates the Excitability of Motor Cortical Neural Activity by Stimulating the Cerebellum.

Functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the motor cortex is critical for motor function. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has been proved to directly activate cerebellar neural activity. However, whether and how TUS of the cerebellum modulates neural activity in the motor cortex is unclear.

Ultrasound-Mediated Biotransfection of Engineered Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treated Bone Defects through Intracellular Cavitation.

The lack of stem cells and difficulty in osteogenic differentiation are the primary challenges to treating bone defects. Stem cell gene therapy can efficiently replenish the number of stem cells and facilitate bone differentiation, but its security and efficacy remain challenging. The traditional ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology with extracellular cavitation for gene transfection is safe but inefficient.

From Guidelines to Intelligence: How AI Refines Thyroid Nodule Biopsy Decisions.

Objective: To evaluate the value of combining American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) with the Demetics ultrasound diagnostic system in reducing the rate of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies for thyroid nodules.

Methods: A retrospective study analyzed 548 thyroid nodules from 454 patients, all meeting ACR TI-RADS guidelines (category ≥3 and diameter ≥10 mm) for FNA. Nodule was reclassified using the combined ACR TI-RADS and Demetics system (De TI-RADS), and the biopsy rates were compared.

Ultrasound-Activated Selenium Nanocarrier: Bactericidal Enhancement and Osseointegration Promotion for Implant-Associated Infections.

Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are common and challenging complications of orthopedic surgery. The physical barrier formed by biofilms and the antioxidant defense system of bacteria shield them from attack by antimicrobial agents and immune cells, leading to irreversible bone loss and the failure of osseointegration. To address these challenges and enhance osseointegration in the presence of biofilm infections, a sequential therapy strategy is proposed using an ultrasound-activated nanocarrier, PLGA@H/Se, designed to disrupt bacterial defenses and subsequently enhancing osteogenic differentiation.

Ultrasound-Driven Selenium Nanoparticles Realize Bone Defect Repair through Activating Selenoproteins to Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Excessive and variable inflammation in bone defects is a key factor that impedes effective bone repair. Herein, an ultrasound-controlled composite hydrogel (LNT-SeNPs@Gel) integrating gelatin-methacryloyl and lentinan-decorated selenium nanoparticles (LNT-SeNPs) is developed, exhibiting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to remodel the inflammatory microenvironment of bone defects. This hydrogel serves as a platform for integrating bifunctional ultrasound (ultrasound modulation, US and ultrasound for repairing, US), facilitating cascade treatment and reducing the overall treatment period.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Remyelination by Down-regulating the Interleukin-17A/Notch1 Signaling Pathway in Mice with Ischemic Stroke.

Increasing evidence indicates that oligodendrocyte (OL) numbers and myelin as a dynamic cellular compartment perform a key role in the maintenance of neuronal function. Inhibiting white matter (WM) demyelination or promoting remyelination has garnered interest for its potential therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke. Our previous work has shown that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) could improve stroke recovery.

Melatonin Promotes Cerebral Angiogenesis in Ischemic Mice via BMP6/Smad1/5/9 Pathway.

Angiogenesis facilitates the reinstatement of blood supply to cerebral tissues after stroke by reconstructing the vascular network, thereby rescuing the penumbra region and restoring neural functions. Melatonin can modulate angiogenesis under a variety of biological and disease-related states, and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) targets regulators associated with angiogenesis. The specific functions of melatonin and BMP6 in angiogenesis following cerebral infarction, along with the potential intrinsic regulatory interactions between them, are currently unclear and need further investigation.

Gas Vesicle-Assisted Ultrasound Imaging for Effective Anti-Tumour CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy Efficacy in Mice Model.

Introduction: Real-time tracking of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell trafficking provides crucial information regarding the targeted migration, infiltration, and persistence of CAR-T cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). This information is invaluable for the timely adjustment of auxiliary treatment strategies in clinical settings.

Methods: We designed a gas vesicles (GVs)-labeled CAR-T (GVs@CAR-T) complex using nanoscale GVs with excellent ultrasound reflectivity to label CAR-T cells for post-labelling ultrasound molecular imaging.

Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Promotes Neurogenesis in Ischemic Stroke Mice Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Activation and Neurotrophic Factor Production.

Synchronized neurogenesis and angiogenesis after stroke have been well documented, and inducing neurovascular remodeling may provide a promising strategy to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) was reported to exert a potent angiogenic activity in rodent models of stroke. However, little is currently known regarding the effects and mechanisms of NBP on neurogenesis in ischemic stroke.

Defect-Engineered Biomimetic Piezoelectric Nanocomposites With Enhanced ROS Production, Macrophage Re-polarization, and Ca Channel Activation for Therapy of MRSA-Infected Wounds and Osteomyelitis.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria often cause lethal infections in both the surficial and deep organs of humans. Failure of antibiotics in resistant infections leads to more effective alternative therapies, like spatiotemporally controllable piezodynamic therapy (PZDT) with deep penetration. Currently, PZDT demands further investigation for improved treatment outcomes and the corresponding therapeutic mechanisms.

Ultrasound-triggered functional hydrogel promotes multistage bone regeneration.

The dysfunction of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), caused by the physical and chemical properties of the inflammatory and repair phases of bone regeneration, contributes to the failure of bone regeneration. To meet the spatiotemporal needs of BMSCs in different phases, designing biocompatible materials that respond to external stimuli, improve migration in the inflammatory phase, reduce apoptosis in the proliferative phase, and clear the hurdle in the differentiation phase of BMSCs is an effective strategy for multistage repair of bone defects. In this study, we designed a cascade-response functional composite hydrogel (Gel@Eb/HA) to regulate BMSCs dysfunction in vitro and in vivo.

An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) regulates cerebral blood flow by improving hypoperfusion, cerebrovascular reactivity and microcirculation disturbances after stroke.

Background: The restoration of cerebrovascular regulation and improvement of cerebral blood flow in ischaemic regions are crucial for improving the clinical prognosis after stroke. An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) is a famous traditional compound Chinese medicine that has been used for over 220 years to treat acute ischaemic stroke; however, its role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of AGNHW on cerebral blood flow and microcirculation after ischaemic stroke and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.

Salidroside promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia in mice through Shh signaling pathway.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of salidroside on vascular regeneration, vascular structural changes and long-term neurological recuperation following cerebral ischemia and its possible mechanism.

Main Methods: From Day 1 to Day 28, young male mice with middle cerebral artery blockage received daily doses of salidroside and measured neurological deficits. On the 7th day after stroke, the volume of cerebral infarction was determined using TTC and HE staining.

Sulbactam protects neurons against double neurotoxicity of amyloid beta and glutamate load by upregulating glial glutamate transporter 1.

Amyloid beta (Abeta) synergistically enhances excitotoxicity of glutamate load by impairing glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) expression and function, which exacerbates the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies suggested that sulbactam can upregulate the expression levels and capacity of GLT1. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether sulbactam improves neuronal tolerance against neurotoxicity of Abeta and glutamate load by up-regulating GLT1 in primary neuron-astrocyte co-cultures.

Astragaloside IV promotes cerebral angiogenesis and neurological recovery after focal ischemic stroke in mice via activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Our previous work has shown that activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in angiogenesis after ischemic stroke, and recent studies have revealed that astragaloside IV (AS-IV) exerts beneficial effects on cerebral protection after ischemic stroke. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of AS-IV against ischemic stroke is related to angiogenesis and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AS-IV on angiogenesis and long-term neurological recovery after focal ischemic stroke as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor ameliorates cerebral ischemia in mice by inhibiting inflammation.

Objectives: To investigate the potential protective effects of evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, on ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: We established a mouse model with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. We evaluated the therapeutic effects through neurological function and infarct size, while the underlying mechanisms were elucidated using western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Enhanced cartilage regeneration by icariin and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles combined in alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration and absence of curative therapies. Therefore, more efficient therapies are compellingly needed. Both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and Icariin (ICA) are promising for repair of cartilage defect.

Multisite Mutation of the cAMP Receptor Protein: Enhancing Xylitol Biosynthesis by Activating Xylose Catabolism and Improving Strain Tolerance.

The bioproduction of xylitol from hemicellulose hydrolysate has good potential for industrial development. However, xylitol productivity has always been limited due to corncob hydrolysate toxicity and glucose catabolic repression. To address these challenges, this work selected the S83 and S128 amino acid residues of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) as the modification target.

Protective effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) against cerebral ischemic stroke in mice by promoting brain vascular remodeling via the inhibition of ROCK1/p-MLC2 signaling pathway.

Vascular remodeling is essential for patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). Our previous study proved that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) could increase cortical hemodynamics. However, the effects and mechanisms of LIPUS on cerebral vascular remodeling after CIS are still unknown.

Hydrogen-Rich Saline-A Novel Neuroprotective Agent in a Mouse Model of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia via the ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.

Background: Our previous research revealed that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. The function of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is to activate the inflammatory process. Recent findings suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential secondary messengers that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Chrysophanol facilitates long-term neurological recovery through limiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke in mice.

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in ischemic brain injury and affects brain recovery and neuroplasticity. Chrysophanol (CHR), has attracted attention for its protective effects through immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of CHR for brain recovery and neuroplasticity is not clear.

Cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection is involved in promoting long-term angiogenesis, vessel diameter and density after cerebral ischemia in mice.

Aims: In this study, we aimed investigate the impacts of CH-I on angiogenesis, effects for vascular structure changes and long-term neurological recovery after ischemic stroke as well as the potential mechanisms.

Main Methods: Young male mice subjected to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion were administrated with CH-I once daily from day 1 to day 14 after stroke. The infarct volume was evaluated by TTC staining at day 7 after stroke.