Developing sustainable carboxymethyl cellulose lithium binders using agro-forestry biomass for high-performance LiFePO cathode.

Biomass-derived carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMCLi) was synthesized from poplar wood (PW) and corn stover (CS) as sustainable binders for lithium-ion batteries. The raw materials were pretreated with green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to remove lignin and hemicellulose, followed by bleaching to purify the cellulose. The purified cellulose was subsequently subjected to alkaline swelling, alkalization, and etherification to produce CMC-Li binders.

Cross-neutralization effect of the third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Background: The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the breadth of the immune response provided by existing vaccines.

Research Design And Methods: In this study, participants aged 18-75 years with no prior COVID-19 infection or vaccination history were enrolled to receive the CoronaVac vaccine. The interval between the first and second vaccine doses was 28 days, while the third dose was given 6 months after the second.

Respiratory pathogens in infants and young children with acute respiratory illness: a prospective cohort study, China, 2023-2024.

Background: Infants are vulnerable to acute respiratory infections (ARIs), which result in pediatric morbidity and even fatalities. A surge of ARIs among infants and young children was reported in China in 2023, garnering global attention. We aimed to investigate the frequency and types of respiratory pathogens associated with the risk of acute respiratory illnesses in infants and young children during this period.

Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant gE-Fc fusion protein subunit vaccine for herpes zoster in adults ≥50 years of age: a randomised, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial.

The licensed adjuvanted recombinant glycoprotein E (gE) subunit vaccine (HZ/su) is highly effective against herpes zoster (HZ). This randomised, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial (ChiCTR2300079076) compared the immunogenicity and safety of a novel gE-Fc fusion protein vaccine candidate (LZ901) with HZ/su in 300 healthy adults aged ≥50 years without prior HZ vaccination in Wuxi, China. Participants received either two doses of LZ901 (30-day interval; n = 151) or HZ/su (60-day interval; n = 149).

Characterization of private mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 correlates with viral prevalence.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has continued to spread globally since its outbreak. As the virus evolves, new variants affect the efficacy of current vaccines and treatments. Therefore, understanding and explaining the viral prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for developing effective public health strategies.

PPP1R15A Promotes Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Inflammatory Response to Exacerbate Ischemic Stroke Through Activation of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prevalent and serious neurological disorder, and is one of the major contributors to mortality and disability worldwide. The activation of autophagy and the inflammatory response following cerebral ischemia are crucial in the progression of IS. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A (PPP1R15A), as a stress-responsive protein, has been proven to be closely associated with autophagy.

The Factors Influencing the Incidence, Persistence, and Severity of Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Chinese Adults: A Case-Control Study.

Following the emergence of COVID-19, breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections have demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in both occurrence and clinical severity. This case-control study aimed to elucidate the factors associated with the incidence, duration, and severity of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms among Chinese adults during the Omicron wave. The analysis was based on data from a national COVID-19 surveillance program encompassing six provinces-Jiangsu, Chongqing, Shandong, Hunan, Anhui, and Yunnan-and included both laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases.

Efficacy of probiotic supplementation in influencing cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota influences central nervous system function. Probiotic interventions may offer a promising therapeutic approach by modulating the gut microbiota composition and potentially improving cognitive outcomes in AD patients.

Restoration of N-glycosylation via leucine-activated leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 overcomes chemoresistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly lethal liver malignancy with poor response rates to chemotherapy. Although translational reprogramming is a recognised hallmark of treatment resistance, its role in iCCA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate codon-biased translation in iCCA chemoresistance and explore potential therapeutic strategies.

Pleckstrin-2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer via YTHDF2-mediated TYMS mRNA stability.

High expression of nucleotide synthetic enzyme thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is responsible for the resistance to fluorouracil (FU) treatment and worse survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we revealed that pleckstrin-2 (PLEK2) cooperated with YTHDF2 to enhance TYMS mRNA stability in CRC via an mA dependent manner. Silencing of PLEK2 led to the degradation of TYMS mRNA that suppressed DNA replication, which activated p53/p21 signaling and consequent inhibition of CRC cell proliferation via the cellular senescence.

Synthetic auxotrophy reveals metabolic regulation of plasma cell generation, affinity maturation, and cytokine receptor signaling.

The efficiencies with which activated B lymphocytes proliferate and develop into antibody (Ab)- secreting plasma cells are critical determinants of adaptive humoral immunity and central to sustaining certain autoimmune diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that specific pathways in intermediary metabolism, or their substrate supply, influence lymphocyte differentiation and function. We now show that although stringent restriction of glutamine supply decreases proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, glutaminolysis - a major means of metabolism of this amino acid - was only conditionally crucial in B cells and the Ab responses derived from them.

Heterogeneous therapy-resistant cancer cells have distinct and exploitable drug sensitivity profiles.

Resistance to targeted therapies is a significant clinical problem, but eliminating resistant cancer cells has proven difficult. One potential reason for this difficulty is heterogeneity in the resistant population: even genetically homogeneous cancer cell populations can give rise to many resistant subtypes, each potentially with specific second-line drug vulnerabilities. Using high-throughput drug screening of genetically-identical resistant clones with varying transcriptomes and morphologies, we show that each clone had a distinct drug sensitivity profile.

Exploring the standardized detection and sampling methods of human nasal SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgA.

Introduction: Vaccines capable of effectively inducing mucosal immunity, particularly specific IgA antibodies, represent an ideal strategy for preventing infections and the transmission of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses that rapidly replicate in the upper respiratory tract and cause clinical symptoms. However, a lack of standardized nasal antibody detection and sampling methods has hindered cross-study comparability and vaccine development.

Methods: This study uses SARS-CoV-2 as a model pathogen to standardize nasal antibody detection methods and sampling methods.

Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine () in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18-45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial.

Background: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination substantially alleviates cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an -expressed recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine.

Methods: A dose-escalating phase 1 clinical trial was conducted in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, China.

Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of the COVID-19 DNA vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years and above: a single-center, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Background: A two-dose primary regimen of INO-4800 DNA vaccine demonstrated only modest immunogenicity in the previous phase 2 clinical trial. This booster study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of INO-4800 in adults previously received two-dose regimen of INO-4800.

Methods: Healthy adults who received two doses of INO-4800 (1.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro hypolipidemic mechanisms of sugar-SA triazole conjugates as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors.

Plant-derived polyphenols such as syringic acid (SA) are promising modulators of lipid metabolism, yet their clinical utility is limited by poor aqueous solubility. Here, we report a four-step click chemistry strategy to conjugate hydrophilic sugar moieties to SA, yielding a series of sugar-SA triazole derivatives with markedly enhanced solubility and stability. Among these, the glucose conjugate (GS) exhibited the most potent pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition, surpassing orlistat, and significantly improved cholesterol and bile salt binding.

Association between crystalline lens thickness and intermittent exotropia in children: a cross-sectional observational clinical study.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between crystalline lens thickness (LT) and subtypes of intermittent exotropia (IXT) in children, focusing on ocular biometry and accommodation characteristics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 501 children aged from 8 to 12 years: 122 with orthophoria (Group A) and 379 with IXT, which were further categorized into basic type (Group B, n = 254), convergence insufficiency (CI) type (Group C, n = 92), and divergence excess (DE) type (Group D, n = 33). Evaluation of strabismus was measured after diagnostic occlusion.

Adverse reaction characteristics of five COVID-19 vaccines across different technology platforms: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials.

Background: Evidence regarding the comparative safety of different COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. This study aims to characterize and compare the safety profiles of five COVID-19 vaccines in terms of adverse reactions after immunization.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adverse reactions reported among adults aged 18-59 years from nine clinical trials.

Pooled Analysis of the Effect of Pre-Existing Ad5 Neutralizing Antibodies on the Immunogenicity of Adenovirus Type 5 Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine from Eight Clinical Trials.

: Pre-existing adenovirus immunity restricts the utilization of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. The current study aims to conduct a pooled analysis of eight clinical trials to evaluate the influence of pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibodies on immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV. : The primary outcome indicator of this pooled analysis is the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of live SARS-CoV-2 NAbs against the wild-type strain on day 28 post-vaccination.

Effectiveness of a booster dose of aerosolized or intramuscular adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults: a multicenter, partially randomized, platform trial in China.

We conducted a multicenter, partially randomized, platform trial to assess the effectiveness of a booster dose of an aerosolized or intramuscular adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in Chinese adults (NCT05855408). Between May 23, 2023, and August 28, 2023, 4089 eligible participants were equally randomized to receive either a booster dose of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV via oral inhalation at 0.1 mL (IH Ad5-nCoV, n = 2039) or an intramuscular injection of Ad5-nCoV at 0.

TGFBR3 dependent mechanism of TGFB2 in smooth muscle cell differentiation and implications for TGFB2-related aortic aneurysm.

Introduction: Pathogenic variants in canonical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling genes predispose patients to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD), predominantly in aortic root. Although TAAD pathogenesis associated with TGFβ receptor defects is well characterized, distinct and redundant mechanisms of TGFβ isoforms in TAAD incidence and severity remain elusive.

Objective: Here we examined the biological role of TGFB2 in smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and investigated how TGFB2 defects can lead to regional TAAD manifestations.

Safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV administered intradermally by needle-free injector in rats.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV), by intradermal immunization with a needle-free injector in rats.

Methods: This study was divided into two parts. In study A, 105 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, to receive the low-dose, medium-dose, or high-dose vaccine by needle-free intradermal injections (NFI), or needle-based intramuscular injections (NI), or needle-free intradermal injections with saline solution as a control group.

Efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi with those of insulin glargine for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of iGlarLixi with the use of insulin glargine in patients with T2D. The meta-analysis protocol was registered at PROSPERO.

Immunogenicity and safety of 1 versus 2 doses of quadrivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 3-8 years with or without previous influenza vaccination histories.

This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent influenza split-virion vaccine (IIV4) in children with and without prior influenza vaccination. An open-label, phase IV clinical trial was conducted in healthy children aged 3-8 years in Pizhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Children with ≥2 doses of prior influenza vaccination (Influenza Vaccination Group) and those with no prior vaccination (Influenza Vaccine-naïve Group) were given two doses of IIV4, 4 weeks apart.

First-line carboplatin-based chemotherapy may be beneficial for HER2-low advanced breast cancer: A retrospective analysis.

For patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low advanced breast cancer who had failed to meet with anthracycline or taxane, the application of HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates as second-line therapy could improve patients' outcomes, but it is unclear whether carboplatin-based first-line therapy will benefit these patients. This retrospective study was designed to explore whether carboplatin based first-line treatment could improve outcomes in HER2-low advanced breast cancer, and to analyze potential factors affecting efficacy and prognosis. 103 patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer were treated with carboplatin based first-line therapy.