Respiratory pathogens in infants and young children with acute respiratory illness: a prospective cohort study, China, 2023-2024.

Background: Infants are vulnerable to acute respiratory infections (ARIs), which result in pediatric morbidity and even fatalities. A surge of ARIs among infants and young children was reported in China in 2023, garnering global attention. We aimed to investigate the frequency and types of respiratory pathogens associated with the risk of acute respiratory illnesses in infants and young children during this period.

DFT Mechanism Study of Ligand-Controlled Ru-Catalyzed Selective Aerobic Oxidative Generation of Homocoupled Imines and Nitriles.

This study employs density functional theory to investigate the mechanisms underlying Ru-H-catalyzed aerobic amine oxidation, which results in the formation of homocoupled imines and nitriles, focusing on the effects of the ligands on the catalytic efficiency and selectivity. The energy span and catalytic turnover frequency across the catalytic cycle are analyzed, revealing that nitrile formation is energetically favored. For homocoupled imine formation, the two mechanistic pathways, i.

Fragment-informed SAR: rational construction of quinoline derivatives as dual AChE/BChE inhibitors.

This study introduces a Fragment-Informed Structure-Activity Relationship (FI-SAR) paradigm for developing cholinesterase inhibitors through strategic coupling of amino-functionalized fragments with quinoline scaffolds. A library of 105 conjugates was synthesized and comprehensively assessed to delineate fragment-to-conjugate activity transfer. Quantitative analysis revealed a positive correlation between fragment potency and conjugate inhibitory activity, with phenolic Mannich base derivatives showing the strongest interdependence.

Mitochondrial RNA/RIG-I promotes Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated inflammation in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Mitochondria play a decisive role in the pathological mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the specific mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate inflammation in AKI remain elusive. We aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) in sepsis-induced renal injury.

Monometallic dual-atom two-dimensional phthalocyanine-based metal-organic framework for carbon dioxide electroreduction: A study combining density functional theory and machine learning.

Exploring efficient catalysts is key to promoting the practical application of electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) technology. Herein, we designed 14 types of two dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs), denoted as PcM-O-M, featuring monometallic dual-atom centers with N and O coordinations, and systematically studied their CORR electrocatalytic performance using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The monometallic dual-atom centers provide a feasible method for regulating both the metal atom and the coordination environment to enhance catalytic activity.

Insights into Modeling Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Stem Cell Derived Intestinal Organoids.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a multifactorial, immune-mediated condition marked by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. This condition significantly impairs patients' quality of life and represents a major public health challenge globally. Pathogenesis of IBD arises from complex interplay among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, immune dysregulation, and microbial dysbiosis.

Nuciferine Attenuates Cancer Cachexia-Induced Muscle Wasting in Mice via HSP90AA1.

Background: Around 80% of patients with advanced cancer have cancer cachexia (CC), a serious complication for which there are currently no FDA-approved treatments. Nuciferine (NF) is the main active ingredient of lotus leaf, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and other effects. The purpose of this work was to explore the target and mechanism of NF in preventing cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy.

An ultra-violet and infrared dual-band photodetector using a GaO thin film and HgTe colloidal quantum dots.

Dual-band photodetection of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) light is an advanced technology aimed at simultaneously or selectively detecting signals from these two distinct wavelength bands. This technique offers broad application prospects, particularly in environments requiring multispectral information. In this work, a solar-blind UV photodetector made from an amorphous GaO (a-GaO) thin film was combined with a short-wave infrared photodetector made from a HgTe colloidal quantum dot (CQD) film.

The nuclear matrix stabilizes primed-specific genes in human pluripotent stem cells.

The nuclear matrix, a proteinaceous gel composed of proteins and RNA, is an important nuclear structure that supports chromatin architecture, but its role in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has not been described. Here we show that by disrupting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) or the nuclear matrix protein, Matrin-3, primed hPSCs adopted features of the naive pluripotent state, including morphology and upregulation of naive-specific marker genes. We demonstrate that HNRNPU depletion leads to increased chromatin accessibility, reduced DNA contacts and increased nuclear size.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Specific Alternations in the Default Mode Network in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder. Neuroimaging studies have highlighted that a dysfunctional default mode network (DMN) plays a key role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of OCD. However, findings of impaired DMN regions in OCD have been inconsistent.

Impact of dietary antioxidants on female infertility risk: evidence from NHANES.

The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) serves as a valuable instrument for evaluating the intake of dietary antioxidants. This research aims to clarify the connection between CDAI and the risk of female infertility by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2018. Participants underwent two 24-h dietary recall interviews to calculate CDAI.

Decreased Serum CTRP3 level was associated with connective tissue diseases.

Objective: Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) and 9 (CTRP9) are two of the most extensively studied adipokines, known for their diverse biological functions. However, it remains unclear whether serum levels of CTRP3 or CTRP9 are associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD).

Methods: Serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), as well as in healthy controls (HCs).

Rhein and hesperidin nanoparticles remodel tumor immune microenvironment by reducing CAFs and CCL2 secreted by CAAs for efficient triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a highly heterogeneous ecosystem that exerts indispensable roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are the main matrix components in the TIME of TNBC. CAFs mediate the edesmoplastic response, which is a major driver of the immunosuppressive microenvironment to promote tumor growth.

Hesperidin PLGA nanoparticles potentiate the efficacy of aPD-1 in treating triple negative breast cancer by regulating CCL2 and ADPN expression in cancer-associated adipocytes.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer characterized by an unfavorable prognosis due to its aggressive biology. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) play an active role in tumor development, invasion and metastasis, and response to treatment by secreting various cytokines. CAAs secrete CCL2 and ADPN which significantly affect the efficacy of aPD-1 in treating breast cancer.

Correction: Petroll et al. Experimental Models for Investigating Intra-Stromal Migration of Corneal Keratocytes, Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts. . 2012, , 183-198.

In the original publication [...

Convergent functional change of frontoparietal network in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based meta-analysis.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric illness with complex clinical manifestations. Cognitive dysfunction may underlie OC symptoms. The frontoparietal network (FPN) is a key region involved in cognitive control.

Identification and validation of tumor-specific T cell receptors from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes using tumor organoid co-cultures.

T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) therapy is promising for cancer immunotherapy. Most studies have focused on identifying tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) through predicted tumor neoantigens. However, current algorithms for predicting tumor neoantigens are unreliable and many neoantigens are derived from non-coding regions.

Secretory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

This study aims to investigate the expression differences of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with elderly rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PBMCs between young patients with RA (RA_Y) and elderly patients with RA (RA_A) were identified by RNA sequencing using the package, followed by bioinformatics analysis. The overlapped targets of the current DEGs and proteomic differentially expressed proteins (another set of unpublished data) were identified and further validated.

Safety assessment of clomiphene: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis from the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system.

Background: Clomiphene is widely used for the treatment of anovulatory infertility, yet there remain many unrecognized adverse events (AEs). The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the safety profile of clomiphene.

Methods: The data were derived from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2023 from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Monitoring and influencing factors of grassland livestock overload in Xinjiang from 1982 to 2020.

It is crucial to estimate the theoretical carrying capacity of grasslands in Xinjiang to attain a harmonious balance between grassland and livestock, thereby fostering sustainable development in the livestock industry. However, there has been a lack of quantitative assessments that consider long-term, multi-scale grass-livestock balance and its impacts in the region. This study utilized remote sensing and empirical models to assess the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of grasslands.

Gasdermin D promotes hyperuricemia-induced renal tubular injury through RIG-I/caspase-1 pathway.

Renal tubular epithelial cells injury is one of the most important pathological features in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). However, the involvement of gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis in HN remains obscure. We found GSDMD was upregulated in the kidney tissue of HN mice, which was accompanied by the loss of renal function, renal tubular fibrosis, and reduced body weight.

Exploring the effect and mechanism of Aloin A against cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy via network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and experimental validation.

Unlabelled: 80% of advanced cancer patients suffer from cachexia, but there are no FDA-approved drugs. Therefore, it is imperative to discover potential drugs.

Objective: This study aims at exploring the effect and targets of Aloin A against cancer cachexia (CC)-induced muscle atrophy.

Doxepin is more effective than zolpidem in improving executive function in patients with insomnia disorder.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND : Insomnia disorder is associated with an impairment in cognitive performance. Doxepin and zolpidem have been found to be effective in improving sleep. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of doxepin and zolpidem on sleep structure and executive function in patients with insomnia disorder.

Pharmacokinetics, withdrawal period and risk assessment of enrofloxacin in the northern snakehead (Channa argus) following bath administration.

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used in aquaculture practice, but little is known about its pharmacokinetic, withdrawal period and dietary risk in fish via bath administration. The purpose of this study was to provide data support for the use of ENR bath therapy in the northern snakehead (Channa argus). The pilot study was carried out to evaluate the therapy concentrations of ENR in northern snakehead with immersion concentrations ranged from 5 to 40 mg/L for 6 h.