High Performance Monometallic Platinum Fuel Cell Catalyst Derived from Self-Hole-Confined Nanoparticles and Nitrogen-Anchored Single-Atoms.

Platinum and non-precious metal (PtM) alloy multimetallic catalysts have been developed to address the kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, these catalysts inevitably suffer from poor lot-to-lot consistency of chemical compositions and structures during production, and the transition metal leaching in practical applications. Thus, the development of high-performance monometallic Pt catalysts using innovative nanoarchitectures has become important to address the technical challenges that hinder the widespread deployment of the PEMFCs.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Child with No Known Exposure - San Francisco, California, December 2024-January 2025.

In response to a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) outbreak in U.S. dairy cows detected in March 2024, with subsequent identification of human cases, the San Francisco Department of Public Health instituted enhanced influenza surveillance (influenza A virus subtyping of a sample of specimens weekly) in June 2024.

Preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction using CT texture analysis combined with machine learning.

This study aims to construct a noninvasive preoperative prediction model for lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) using computed tomography (CT) texture characterization and machine learning. We analyzed clinical and imaging data from 57 patients with preoperative CT enhancement scans and pathologically confirmed AEG. Lesions were delineated, and texture features were extracted from arterial phase and venous phase CT images using 3D-Slicer software.

Recurrence formula-based automatic gradient eddy current compensation method for a 0.255 T MRI system.

Gradient coils play a critical role in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems by enabling spatial encoding through generating rapidly switching magnetic fields. However, these time-varying fields induce eddy currents in surrounding conductive structures, leading to gradient field distortions and imaging artifacts. In this study, we propose an automatic eddy current compensation method implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform.

Microstructure Design of Metal Selenides for Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes.

The advancement of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as next-generation energy storage systems is critically dependent on developing high-performance anode materials. Metal selenides have garnered significant attention as promising anode candidates due to their high theoretical capacities, yet their practical application is hampered by intrinsic issues such as large volume expansion, poor electrical conductivity, and structural pulverization during cycling. Engineering the microstructure of metal selenides offers a powerful avenue to overcome these limitations and unlock their full electrochemical potential.

Linear correlation between white blood cell counts and the progression and prognosis of acute kidney injury.

IntroductionWhite blood cell count, a cost-effective blood test marker, is used extensively for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Nevertheless, its association with the progression and prognosis of acute kidney injury remains unclear.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a multicenter randomized trial on an acute kidney injury early warning system.

The Janus face of CaMKII: from memory consolidation to neurotoxic switch in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative "memory killer" demanding urgent global intervention, has long been shrouded in mystery regarding its core pathological mechanisms. Although the traditional amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis remains dominant, recent groundbreaking research has revealed that early activation of aberrant calcium (Ca⁺) signaling pathways serves as the "initiating trigger" of AD pathogenesis-preceding even the formation of classical Aβ plaques-a discovery that fundamentally overturns the existing cognitive framework. This study systematically deconstructs, for the first time, the cascading regulatory network of the Ca⁺/CaM-CaMKII signaling axis in AD pathology, elucidating its potential links with core AD mechanisms, including the Aβ hypothesis, tau hyperphosphorylation, Ca⁺ dyshomeostasis, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss.

Automatic Magnetic Field Shimming by Spectrum Convergence Method: Evaluation at a 7-T Animal MRI System.

The ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superconducting magnets require a high homogeneous magnetic field within the diameter of spherical volume (DSV) to generate high-quality images. Spherical harmonic-based B shimming relies significantly on the fitting process, which can be computationally demanding, particularly when managing multiple shim coils. The study presents an automatic room-temperature shimming approach that iteratively adjusts shim coil currents to enhance magnetic field homogeneity, using the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectrum as a metric.

Weakly Supervised Deep Learning for Monitoring Sleep Apnea Severity Using Coarse-grained Labels.

Sleep apnea, a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, often remains undiagnosed and untreated in a large patient population due to the need of extensive manual annotations on various physiological signals for clinical diagnosis. Despite the surge of interest in applying machine learning to automate apnea detection, the effectiveness of existing techniques highly relies on strongly supervised learning that requires massive finely labeled training data for sufficiently short time intervals - a requirement often unmet due to the prohibitively high cost of manual labeling in clinical practice. In this article, we incorporate clinical knowledge to establish a weakly supervised deep learning framework for automatically estimating the latent fine-grained apnea severity when only coarse-grained labels indicating apnea presence are available in the training data.

Comparable perioperative performance between three robotic system for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy to treat early renal cancer.

This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with the two Chinese Robotic systems versus the da Vinci Xi Surgical System. This prospective analytical study included 170 patients who underwent robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy between February 2023 to June 2024. The study included 85 patients who received treatment using two Chinese robotic systems (KangDuo SR 2000: KD-SR-2, EDGE MP1000) and 85 who underwent the da Vinci (DV) surgical system during the same period.

Engineering noncovalent π-stacked organic framework for intrinsic near-infrared photoactivated drug delivery.

Photoactivated drug delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy that enables spatial and temporal control of payload release. A critical component of this approach is the photoresponsive material that has sufficient drug-loading capacity and can be actuated by near-infrared (NIR) light with considerable penetration depths. Here, we establish a photoactivated drug delivery platform based on the π-stacked organic framework (πOF), which demonstrates an intrinsic NIR absorption and superior photothermal effect.

Molecular pathways and targeted therapies in colorectal liver metastasis: from bench to bedside.

Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is a major complication of colorectal cancer (CRC), significantly affecting prognosis and survival. Despite advancements in treatment, the management of CRLM remains challenging, primarily due to the complex molecular mechanisms involved. The key molecular pathways that contribute to CRLM development include the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and angiogenesis pathways.

Mycobacterium hainanense sp. nov. represents an emerging nontuberculous Mycobacterium associated with chronic pulmonary disease.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We discovered a newly identified NTM, initially misidentified as Mycobacterium paraffinicum, isolated from a 42-year-old female with an eight-year history of persistent pulmonary infection. The pathogen shares high molecular similarities with Mycobacterium paraffinicum, Mycobacterium nebraskense, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, exhibiting atypical acid-fast properties and slow growth.

Pracinostat inhibits the nefarious biological behavior of pancreatic cancer by targeting the miR-381-3p/MDM2 axis to activate the p53 signaling pathway.

Objective: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors in humans, with poor prognosis. The acetylase tumor inhibitor (Pracinostat) has been shown to suppress the growth of various tumors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Pracinostat on the pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms through both in vivo and in vitro experiments.

A cough detection method based on the conformer-BiLSTM model.

Cough is a common symptom of respiratory disease, and its detection is a basic step in cough sound analysis. Manual cough sound segmentation is tedious, subjective, and inefficient. Cough sounds from real-world scenarios can be collected in various environments using different devices, making cough event detection more difficult.

Precision Measurement of the Branching Fraction of D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}.

Using 20.3  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of E_{c.m.

A national soil organic carbon density dataset (2010-2024) in China.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems and a key indicator of soil quality, agricultural potential, and climate regulation. Despite growing interest in SOC distribution across China, high-resolution and standardized datasets remain scarce. Here, we present a national soil organic carbon density (SOCD) dataset containing 23,103 samples from 7,852 soil profiles collected between 2010 and 2024.

Enhanced digital pathology image recognition via multi-attention mechanisms: the MACC-Net approach.

Digital pathology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis through microscopic analysis, yet manual interpretation remains hindered by inefficiency and subjectivity. Existing deep models for osteosarcoma cell nucleus recognition suffer from the difficulty of capturing hierarchical relationships in single-dimensional attention mechanisms, leading to inaccurate edge recognition. Furthermore, the fixed receptive field of CNNs limits the aggregation of multi-scale information, hindering the differentiation of overlapping cells.

DWI-guided DP-IMRT and conventional MRI-based IMRT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative study.

Background: The impact of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging guided dose-painting intensity-modulated radiation therapy on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. Our objective aimed at comparing the outcomes and toxicities of DWI-guided DP-IMRT for HNSCC.

Methods And Materials: Between June 2018 and November 2022, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 260 HNSCC patients.

Stepped Disconnection-Contributing AgRuIr Nanocrystals with Turtle Shell-Shaped Oxide Layer for Acidic Water Oxidation.

Stepped disconnections enable innovative catalyst design by breaking spatial symmetry, tailoring electronic bands, and creating localized chemical environments for synergistic water oxidation catalysis. We developed ultrafine AgRuIr nanocrystals with dense stepped disconnections through rapid non-equilibrium crystallization using medium-temperature alcohol-assisted thermal reduction. Large-sized Ag atoms preferentially located at the line defects between the nanocrystalline domains divided by the stepped disconnection-mediated grain boundaries.

A Self-assembled Fluid Honeycomb of Nonsymmetric Hexagons Formed by Nine Molecules in the Circumference.

Periodic tessellations of the 2D plane by nonsymmetric polygons are of particular interest for both the 2D Kelvin problem, which is critical to system linearity and elasticity, and reticular chemistry to diverse the topological varieties. Here, a new liquid crystalline honeycomb phase, representing a monohedral tiling by nonsymmetric hexagonal cells resulting from the soft self-assembly of nine consecutive end-to-end hydrogen-bonded p-terphenyl rods is reported. The new phase structure is characterized by POM, DSC as well as SAXS, with which the electron density map is reconstructed and discussed.

Tanshinone IIA promotes METTL3/METTL14-mediated FDX1 m6A modification to induce cuproptosis in bladder cancer.

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a pleiotropic bioactive natural compound, has a general anti-tumor effect, as well as in bladder cancer. However, little is known about its mechanism. This work attempts to explore the mechanism of Tan IIA promoting cuproptosis in bladder cancer cells and the effective targets.

Impact of beta blockers on cancer neuroimmunology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of survival outcomes and immune modulation.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that beta-blockers (BBs) may influence cancer progression by modulating the neuroimmune axis. However, clinical findings remain heterogeneous, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on survival outcomes and immune modulation across malignancies.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 79 studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.