Mycobacterium hainanense sp. nov. represents an emerging nontuberculous Mycobacterium associated with chronic pulmonary disease.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. We discovered a newly identified NTM, initially misidentified as Mycobacterium paraffinicum, isolated from a 42-year-old female with an eight-year history of persistent pulmonary infection. The pathogen shares high molecular similarities with Mycobacterium paraffinicum, Mycobacterium nebraskense, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, exhibiting atypical acid-fast properties and slow growth.

A multicenter, real-world study analysis: pembrolizumab changes treatment strategy for the patient with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has made breakthrough progress in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, the Asian population in KEYNOTE-048 only accounts for 13.2% of the total population, and there is a lack of data on the mainland Chinese population.

Polysaccharide-based Janus materials: classification, multiscale structure, and applications in the food industry.

Janus materials with anisotropic surface exhibit novel physicochemical and functional characteristics compared to isotropic materials, offering great potential in advanced food applications. Among them, polysaccharide-based Janus materials have gained increasing attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural tunability. This review summarized recent progress in the design and application of polysaccharide-based Janus materials across multiscale structures, including particles, films, and gels.

Analyses of NOTCH3 variants in Chinese patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

Background: A pathogenic variant in the NOTCH3 gene has been identified as the cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Studies focusing on variants in NOTCH3 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cohorts have been limited. We aim to screen clinically diagnosed AD and FTD patients with unknown etiology for pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 in the Chinese population.

Precision targeted delivery based on PUFAs: Overview, strategies and applications.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic effects in mitigating chronic diseases and promoting overall health. However, their limited aqueous solubility poses significant challenges for effective administration, necessitating the development of advanced delivery systems. Conventional delivery systems often lack the precision required for targeted delivery, resulting in suboptimal bioavailability.

IRAK-M regulates NTHi-induced inflammation via JNK and NF-κB signal pathways.

Purpose: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a causative agent of acute exacerbations in chronic lung conditions. Despite antibiotic administration, unresolved hyperinflammation underscores the urgent need to identify host-directed immunomodulatory targets. The bronchial mucosa serves as a primary site for infection initiation and propagation.

Prognostic analysis of inconsistent combinations of HPV and p16 in a Chinese/Asian oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma population.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inconsistent expression of p16 and HPV on the prognosis of patients with Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in Chinese/Asian populations.

Methods: The study included 130 patients. Inclusion criteria were primary OPSCC.

Shear-reversible and super-thickening starch Janus particles.

Starch Janus particles, with oppositely-charged hemispheres, were fabricated to increase thickening capacity and shear resilience. A 3D masking approach was used to chemically modify a face of amaranth starch granules (1-μm): Starch granules were embedded at the surface of oil droplets (~320 μm) via emulsification and the exposed surface was cationically treated with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (ETMAC) at high pH. The oil template was removed by successively rinsing with water, ethanol, and hexane.

Type I-E* CRISPR-Cas of upregulates bacterial virulence by targeting endogenous histidine utilization system.

is a globally recognized microbial pathogen with significant clinical impact. The bacterium harbors the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems, which provide adaptive immunity against invading foreign nucleic acids. Recent studies suggest that certain CRISPR-Cas systems can regulate endogenous genes, influencing bacterial virulence.

Nanocellulose improves viscoelasticity and freeze-thaw stability of water-in-oil emulsion gels.

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are susceptible to destabilization during freeze-thaw cycles, compromising food quality and limiting their applications. Herein, a stable W/O emulsion gel was developed by incorporating reversible nanocellulose hydrogels as the inner aqueous phase and a sucrose ester-beeswax oleogel as the outer phase. The smallest droplets (2.

A scoring model based on the pleural effusion adenosine deaminase-to-serum C-reactive protein ratio for differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from non-tuberculous benign pleural effusion.

Background: Differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from non-tuberculous benign pleural effusion (non-TB BPE) can be challenging, especially in patients with low levels of pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (pADA) and negative etiological evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the pADA to serum C-reactive protein ratio (pADA/sCRP) and to develop a scoring model for diagnosing TPE.

Methods: This retrospective study included 364 patients with pleural effusion, comprising 121 with TPE and 243 with non-TB BPE from Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Epileptic seizure detection using heart rate variability from ambulatory ECG: a pseudoprospective study.

Seizure detection algorithms enable clinicians to accurately assess seizure burden for epilepsy diagnosis and long-term management. State-of-the-art algorithms rely on electroencephalography (EEG) data to identify electrographic seizures. Previous research that used non-EEG signals, such as electrocardiography (ECG) and wristband data, were collected in epilepsy monitoring units.

Co-surfactant roles of amino acids at oil-water interface: Application in low-pH emulsions to regulate physical and oxidative stabilities.

Sucrose monopalmitate (SMP) is an effective surfactant for emulsification, but exhibits poor stability in low pH environments, due to neutralized surface charges. To improve SMP-based emulsions, we used food-grade amino acids as co-surfactants. Lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan lowered the water-oil interfacial tension.

Exploring the Potential of sp. SW4-6 as a Probiotic for Enhancing Water Quality in Aquaculture.

Aquaculture, a vital industry supplying a significant portion of the world's seafood, faces challenges such as the deterioration of the aquaculture environment. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify microorganisms with the capacity to eliminate nitrite in water from shrimp ponds and evaluate their potential as probiotics to improve water quality. Additionally, the study also determines the ideal conditions for the probiotic to effectively reduce nitrite-N and ammonia-N.

Efficacy and mechanisms of concentrated growth factor on facial nerve rehabilitation in a rabbit model.

Accelerated rehabilitation following facial nerve injury presents unique clinical challenges. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on facial nerve recovery in a rabbit model and on RSC96 Schwann cells. Characterization of the CGF membrane (CGFM) revealed a three-dimensional fibrin network with embedded platelets, and representative growth factors, including TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, IGF-1, bFGF, and VEGF, were detected.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate in the regulation of diabetes mellitus: a scientometric study to an in-depth review.

Diabetes is a significant global health issue, causing extensive morbidity and mortality, and represents a serious threat to human health. Recently, the bioactive lipid molecule Sphingosine-1-Phosphate has garnered considerable attention in the field of diabetes research. The aim of this study is to comprehensively understand the mechanisms by which Sphingosine-1-Phosphate regulates diabetes.

Studying targeted oxidation in diabetic cognitive dysfunction based on scientometrics analysis: research progress of natural product approaches.

Purpose: The aim is to provide new insights for researchers studying the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive dysfunction and promoting the wider use of natural products in their treatment.

Method: First, the Web of Science Core Collection was selected as the data source for a computerized literature search on oxidative stress and diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD). Next, Biblimetrix and VOSviewer performed statistical analysis focusing on publication countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and emerging directions in the field.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma originating from a mandibular odontogenic cyst: A case report.

Malignant transformation arising in the background of jaw cysts is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition, particularly when developing from residual root-derived cysts. We present a case of epithelial malignancy originating from a residual root-derived cyst in the mandible of a man around 50 years old. Histological evaluation of the sections revealed that the epithelial lining of the cystic lesion contained well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma components.

m6A-related genes ALKBH5 and RBMX as prognostic and progression biomarkers in Chinese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Objective: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA dysregulation is crucial for cancer development. The study aimed to explore the effects of m6A modification in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Design: We first analyzed m6A-related gene expression and its impact on OSCC prognosis and progression using the TCGA database.

Using gas-assisted electrospinning to design rod-shaped particles from starch for thickening agents and Pickering emulsifiers.

Starch's large particle size and compact semi-crystalline structure limit its effectiveness as an emulsifier and shear-reversible thickener. To address this, we used gas-assisted electrospinning to convert large starch granules into thin fibers and then into rod-shaped particles for use as starch-based thickeners and emulsifiers. Manipulating the starch concentration in formic acid, and the electrospinning parameters, caused the jetted polymers to form different shapes.