Synaptic vesicle protein 2A regulates mossy fiber sprouting in a drug-resistant epilepsy rat model via laminin α5/integrin β1.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is frequently characterized by pathological mossy fiber sprouting (MFS), which is a defining indicator of aberrant synaptic remodeling within the hippocampus. Despite extensive investigations of the molecular underpinnings of MFS, they remain only partially elucidated. Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) is a key modulator of neurotransmitter exocytosis that has been associated with epileptogenesis.

Effect of Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors on the Prevalence of Hip Heterotopic Ossification following Arthroplasty for Acute Femoral Neck Fracture: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication following hip arthroplasty that can limit hip range of motion (ROM). Oral direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors are commonly used anticoagulants after arthroplasty; however, they have a high risk of local bleeding and hematoma formation, which are significant triggers for HO formation. To our knowledge, there is no evidence regarding whether FXa inhibitors will increase HO incidence following hip arthroplasty.

Prediction evaluation of the Tp-Te interval in patients with vasovagal syncope.

Purpose: Vasovagal syncope (VVS) involves autonomic dysregulation affecting cardiac electrical activity. The Tp-Te interval, reflecting transmural repolarization dispersion, may help predict positive head-up tilt test (HUTT) responses in patients with suspected VVS.

Methods: A total of 179 patients with suspected VVS were included in the study.

Diversified Crop Rotations Strengthen Maize Seedling Drought Tolerance by Modulating Rhizosphere Microbiota and Enzyme Activities.

Although diversified crop rotations increase drought tolerance and system productivity, the underlying mechanisms conferring this resilience in crop-soil-microorganisms systems remain incomplete. Maize drought tolerance mechanisms were evaluated in a 20-year experiment with low, medium, and high crop diversity rotations using soil zymography to visualize enzyme activity distribution and high-throughput sequencing to assess microbial communities. High crop diversity increased maize shoot biomass by 56%-87% and reduced drought-induced root biomass loss by 14%-59% compared to low crop diversity.

Investigation of Pharmacological Mechanisms and Active Ingredients of L. in Alleviating Renal Urate Deposition via lncRNA H19/miR-21-3p Regulation to Enhance ABCG2 Expression.

Renal urate deposition is a pathological inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of urate crystals in the kidneys, resulting from uric acid supersaturation. L. (chicory) is a traditional medicinal herb recognized for its efficacy in treating hyperuricemia and gout; however, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms in mitigating renal urate deposition remain inadequately understood.

The diverse roles of circular RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor that develops in the extrahepatic bile duct, that is, from the left and right hepatic ducts to the lower end of the common bile duct. Because of its indeterminate etiology, difficulties in the diagnosis of early lesions, easy invasion and metastasis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, the trend of mortality rate deterioration of patients with CCA has not been fundamentally reversed. And the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of CCA are not well characterized.

Clinical guideline on the open arthrolysis for posttraumatic elbow stiffness in adult patients.

Background: Posttraumatic elbow stiffness poses significant clinical challenges for upper limb surgeons and severely impairs patients' ability to perform essential daily activities, including eating, dressing, and personal hygiene, thereby imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Open arthrolysis is widely employed when conservative therapies fail, yet current literatures demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in treatment concepts, surgical techniques, and perioperative management. This evidence-based clinical practice guideline aims to standardize treatment profiles and improve surgical outcomes for open arthrolysis of posttraumatic elbow stiffness in adult patients globally.

Defining Human Thermoregulation Limits: A Critical Evaluation of Predictive Models using Healthy Young Adults.

The core temperature inflection point (CTIP) method (also known as humidity-ramp protocol) and biophysical modeling are widely used to determine human thermoregulation limits, yet their validity under prolonged heat exposure remains unverified. This study evaluated their predictive accuracy by exposing 36 healthy young adults (20 males & 16 females) to five counterbalanced 8-hour indoor heat trials in a controlled chamber (36°C/74.5%RH, 40°C/55.

Whole exome sequencing analysis of susceptibility loci in transgender individuals.

Background: Genetic factors contributing to sex-associated dimorphic brain development may also underlie gender identity-related anxiety disorders.

Aim: To establish a high-throughput whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics pipeline for identifying rare variants in sex-dimorphic neural pathways and explore their association with gender identity-related anxiety.

Methods: Peripheral genomic DNA was collected from 23 patients (13 Assigned male at birth (AMAB), 10 Assigned female at birth (AFAB)) presenting with gender identity-related anxiety at Shanghai Mental Health Centre between March 2020 and February 2022.

Characterization of tertiary lymphoid structure identifies competitive binding of CD40 and STING with TRAF2 driving IRF4-mediated B cell activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Hitherto, little has been known regarding the clinical implications of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and its biological mechanisms of antitumor effect on treatment-naïve ESCC. We herein identified the presence of TLS as an independent factor for favorable survival.

Efficacy and safety of PCSK-9 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a leading cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) being a key modifiable risk factor. Despite statin therapy, many patients fail to achieve optimal LDL-C targets, highlighting the need for adjunctive treatments such as PCSK9 inhibitors (e.g.

Nanoselenium application improves post-harvest fruit quality and disease resistance in tomato.

Fruits constitute a vital component of a nutritious diet but are highly perishable, contributing substantially to food waste. Consequently, identifying safe and edible biological agents to enhance product quality and extend shelf life is of critical importance. In this study, we demonstrate that exogenous pre-harvest foliar application with nanoselenium (nano-Se) in tomato enhances fruit quality, prolongs fruit shelf life, and enhances the resistance of tomato fruit to Botrytis cinerea infection.

A novel surface-enhanced raman scattering strategy integrating spectral and mapping data for stable and rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 via supervised learning.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) holds great potential for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) monitoring, but its reliability is hampered by inconsistent hotspot uniformity and signal fluctuations from single-spot measurements. To overcome these limitations, this study proposed a strategy combining substrates with high hotspot uniformity and multi-dimensional data fusion to enhance detection stability. Three-dimensional (3D) gold nanotrees were fabricated via electrodeposition, which served as SERS substrates for mapping signal generation.

α-Ketoglutarate dictates AMPK protein synthesis for energy sensing in human cancers.

The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) promotes tumor cell survival under stress but how to prevent AMPK activation to blunt tumor progression remains unclear. Here we show that the metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dictates AMPK translation through a TET-YBX1 axis, which can be exploited to sensitize human cancer cells to energy stress. α-KG-deficient cells fail to activate AMPK under glucose starvation, which elicits cytosolic NADPH depletion and disulfidptosis.

The HCR signal amplification-based SERS aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of AFB1.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of AFB1 in grains is crucial. For a highly sensitive aptasensor for AFB1 detection, a method based on the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and magnetic nanoparticles (FeO@Au NPs) strategy for signal amplification through infinite elongation of DNA strands was employed.

Maintaining Balance: An Update on Nonpharmacological Cytoprotection Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Reperfusion therapies have become the standard of care for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, around half of treated patients do not regain functional independence despite successful recanalization. Potentially avoidable unbalanced states that prevail both before and after reperfusion therapy might account for such unfavorable functional outcomes.

A PRF-Based Multibaseline fitting model for temperature prediction.

MRI is capable of constructing in vivo temperature profiles to provide precise thermal guidance for benign and malignant diseases and minimally invasive, rapid recovery and highly reproducible treatments for tumors and benign nodules. Despite the real-time thermal monitoring capabilities of proton resonance frequency (PRF) thermometry, this important magnetic resonance-based temperature measurement technique faces challenges in oncology energy therapy because it is susceptible to image alignment errors and magnetic induction field variations, resulting in unreliable temperature tracking. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel multibaseline fitting temperature prediction model based on proton resonance frequency.

Multicomponent Protection at Metal/Oxide Interfaces: Electron-Atomic Scale Mechanism of TT-LYK Inhibitor in Cobalt Chemical Mechanical Polishing.

In the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of cobalt (Co), surface planarization is critically influenced by the selective adsorption of inhibitor molecules at the metal/oxide interface. Existing studies have confirmed the presence of CoO and Co(OH) on cobalt surfaces; however, there has been no investigation into the adsorption behavior of inhibitors on these oxide and hydroxide surfaces. This area remains largely unexplored in the current theoretical research landscape.

The functional roles of deoxyelephantopin potential target circTNPO3 in regulating pancreatic cancer malignant phenotype and gemcitabine chemoresistance via miR-188-5p/CDCA3/TRAF2-mediated remodeling of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been one of the most severe digestive system malignant tumor with poor prognosis that threatens human health. Chemotherapy is essential for patients with advanced PC, but unfortunately the curative effect is limited by chemoresistance. CircTNPO3, a recently discovered circular RNA (circRNA), has been indicated to be associated with multi-types of tumors.

Clathrin Light Chain B Drives Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Dual Mechanisms: Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Angiogenesis and the NF-κB-PCLAF Signaling Axis.

Clathrin light chain B (CLTB) is one of the three light chain subunits of the clathrin complex. This study aims to elucidate the role of CLTB in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical implications. Clinical and bioinformatic analyses reveal marked CLTB overexpression in HCC tissues.

Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Socio-economic Influencing Factors of Tuberculosis Incidence in Guangdong Province: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019.

Method: Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model.

Spatial heterogeneity in biomass yield and quality driving regional strategies for enhanced rice straw bioeconomic potential: a case study in Hunan, China.

As China's leading rice-producing province (>4 million ha annually), Hunan generates a large amount of straw residue, yet inefficient utilization causes significant resource waste and environmental impacts. Establishing diversified industrial clusters for high-value biomass conversion presents a critical solution. Understanding regional differences in rice straw yield potential and quality is crucial to develop the well-designed industrial clusters layout.

Mendelian randomization analysis of lipids traits and lipid-lowering drug-targets in relation to cognitive status.

Background: Cognitive impairment is increasingly prevalent among older adults, posing a major public health challenge. While lipid-lowering medications are widely used to manage dyslipidemia in this population, the causal relationship between lipid levels and cognitive function remains unclear. This study investigates genetically- predicted lipid traits, lipid-lowering drug-targets, and their associations with cognitive status.

Melatonin-mediated regulation of nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis alleviates nitrate stress in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

Excessive nitrate accumulation in agricultural soils has become a pressing global challenge, negatively impacting crop yield and quality while posing serious environmental risks. Melatonin, a pleiotropic molecule, offers a sustainable solution by concurrently boosting stress resilience and growth regulation in plants, but the molecular mechanisms in alleviating high-nitrogen stress remain unclear. In this study, we optimized melatonin concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µM) through preliminary trials and applied them exogenously via hydroponic root drenching in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv.

Revitalizing reformatsky reagent for catalyst-free direct alkylation with unactivated alkyl halides.

Reformatsky reagents are commonly employed with activated electrophiles, such as aldehydes, ketones, or activated alkyl halides. However, their limited nucleophilicity remains a considerable challenge for direct reactions with unactivated alkyl halides, typically necessitating transition metal catalysis. Here, we present a transition-metal-catalyst-free approach that facilitates direct nucleophilic substitution between Reformatsky reagents and diverse unactivated alkyl halides, which enables formal reductive cross-electrophile coupling via a one-pot process.