Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Advances in Molecular Mechanisms and Bioactive Molecules.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications following surgery, especially in elderly patients, and are characterized by memory loss, attention deficits, and impaired executive function. The pathogenesis of PNDs involves a complex interplay of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, epigenetic modifications, and gut-brain axis disruption. This review summarizes the latest findings on the mechanisms underlying PNDs, with a focus on microglial activation, interleukin imbalance, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Responsive biomaterials for therapeutic strategies of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major global health burden due to its high recurrence and mortality rates. For patients with advanced HCC and compromised liver function, Pharmacotherapy has become the primary approach due to the limited efficacy of conventional treatments (e.g.

The emerging role of the gut microbiome in depression: implications for precision medicine.

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating mental illness that seriously endangers human health. Its pathogenesis is highly complex, and traditional treatments face substantial challenges. A growing body of preclinical and clinical findings highlight the important role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of depression and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Z-DNA-binding protein 1-mediated programmed cell death: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is characterized as a cell death pathway governed by specific gene-encoding requirements, plays crucial roles in the homeostasis and innate immunity of organisms, and serves as both a pathogenic mechanism and a therapeutic target for a variety of human diseases. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) functions as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor, utilizing its unique Zα domains to detect endogenous or exogenous nucleic acids and its receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains to sense or bind specific signaling molecules, thereby exerting regulatory effects on various forms of PCD. ZBP1 is involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis and interacts with molecules, such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), to influence cell fate under various pathological conditions.

The effects of social exclusion on directed forgetting of social and non-social information.

Social exclusion has been found to impair inhibitory control and working memory, but its effect on directed forgetting has remained largely unexplored. Using the item-method directed forgetting paradigm, the present study employed both verbal and pictorial materials to investigate how social exclusion affects the directed forgetting of social and non-social information. In Experiment 1, 54 participants (M = 23.

Efficient Synthesis of Shikimic Acid in through Self-Feedback Regulation and Accelerated Evolution.

Shikimic acid (SA), a critical intermediate in the synthesis of numerous high-value aromatic compounds, is extensively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, efficient SA synthesis in was achieved through dynamic and static regulatory strategies. Initial optimization of key enzymes in the SA pathways AroG, AroB, AroD, and AroE and the growth-regulating gene enabled the accumulation of 7.

Effect of Corrosion-Induced Damage on Fatigue Behavior Degradation of ZCuAlMnFeNi Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Under Accelerated Conditions.

Corrosion fatigue damage significantly affects the long-term service of marine platforms such as propellers. Fatigue testing of pre-corrosion specimens is essential for understanding damage mechanisms and accurately predicting fatigue life. However, traditional seawater-based tests are time-consuming and yield inconsistent results, making them unsuitable for rapid evaluation of newly developed equipment.

Prostate cancer inducing secondary linitis plastica of the rectum: a rare case report and literature review.

Background: Prostate cancer, the most prevalent male malignancy in Western countries, seldom presents as secondary rectal linitis plastica (RLP).

Case Presentation: We present an 82-year-old man with a 6-month history of altered bowel habits, narrowed stools, and mucous discharge, with absent lower urinary tract symptoms. Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was markedly elevated (392 ng/mL).

Discovery-Replication Strategy Identifies Serum Metabolite Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer in a Chinese Cohort.

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is difficult to achieve. The use of serum metabolites may be a noninvasive diagnostic method for CRC; however, few studies have examined this method in China. This study aimed to analyze serum metabolite alterations and their diagnostic value for CRC in a Chinese cohort.

Control of the selective adsorption of nitrate by the regional Lewis acid‒base sites for improvement in the photocatalytic denitrification.

Photocatalytic denitrification is considered an environmentally friendly technology for reducing nitrate pollution. The construction of photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity and excellent NO adsorption capacity to achieve high N selectivity remains challenging. In this work, hollow SiO/SrTiO/TiO photocatalysts were constructed, and unique element dopants were introduced into SiO and SrTiO to promote photocatalytic denitrification.

Aerobic Exercise Delays Age-Related Sarcopenia in Mice via Alleviating Imbalance in Mitochondrial Quality Control.

Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with aging, characterized by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. Its onset compromises the health and longevity of older adults by increasing susceptibility to falls, fractures, and various comorbid conditions, thereby diminishing quality of life and capacity for independent living. Accumulating evidence indicates that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is an effective strategy for promoting overall health in older adults and exerts a beneficial effect that mitigates age-related sarcopenia.

CK1ε/SRSF10 axis regulates the alternative splicing of Bcl-x in lung cancer cells.

The dysregulation of Bcl-x alternative splicing is associated with tumor development and chemoresistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Bcl-x splicing are still not well-defined. Here, we demonstrated that casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) was involved in the regulation of Bcl-x alternative splicing.

Novel polycyclic meroterpenoids with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity isolated from desert-derived fungi Talaromyces sp. HMT-8.

Seven previously undescribed polycyclic meroterpenoids talarines K-Q (1-7), along with five known ones (8-12), were isolated from desert-derived fungi Talaromyces sp. HMT-8. The structure of the novel compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD), HRESIMS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

CAR19-T/NK cell and circular aptamer-drug conjugate (ApDC) combination treatment increases immunotherapy efficacy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell therapies have transformed the treatment of haematological malignancies, especially acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, drug resistance limits long-term efficacy. This study aimed to develop a novel combination therapy using aptamer‒drug conjugates and CAR19-T/natural killer (NK) cells to eliminate tumour cells completely and improve the efficacy of CAR-based cell therapies.

Genome-scale overexpression screen reveals membrane homeostasis as a key determinant for free fatty acids overproduction in Escherichia coli.

Genome-scale target identification is essential for optimizing microbial biosynthesis due to the highly complex and interconnected nature of cellular metabolism. Free fatty acids (FFAs), valuable precursors for biofuels and industrial chemicals, have been extensively studied in Escherichia coli. However, genome-wide exploration of beneficial targets that promote FFAs production remains limited, hindering efforts to fully unlock the potential of microbial biosynthetic capabilities.

A ROS-Based Online System for 3D Gaussian Splatting Optimization: Flexible Frontend Integration and Real-Time Refinement.

The 3D Gaussian splatting technique demonstrates significant efficiency advantages in real-time scene reconstruction. However, when its initialization process relies on traditional SfM methods (such as COLMAP), there are obvious bottlenecks, such as high computational resource consumption, as well as the decoupling problem between camera pose optimization and map construction. This paper proposes an online 3DGS optimization system based on ROS.

Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestation: a nationwide multicenter study.

Background: Despite the lack of consensus, the use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) of less than 34 weeks has been increasing in recent years. At present, there are no multi-center studies in China on the use of iNO in this population. This study aims to investigate the use of iNO in preterm infants under 34 weeks of gestation over the past 10 years in China, and provides evidence-based medical proof for the use of iNO in these neonates.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a dual-action agent targeting bromodomain and extraterminal domain and HS release for the treatment of hepatic and pulmonary injury.

Organ injury represents one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, severely impacting patients' quality of life while imposing substantial economic and psychological burdens. Both hepatic and pulmonary injuries can trigger pro-inflammatory cascades, subsequently promoting fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately organ failure. Organ fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Revealing unusual storage failure of single-crystal high-nickel cathodes during high-temperature and high-humidity exposure.

This work investigates an unusual storage failure in single-crystal high-nickel cathode materials under a simulated hot and humid environment. A transient passivation effect was observed during short-term exposure, followed by rapid performance deterioration and structural/chemical state transformations upon prolonged storage. The findings highlight the need for targeted ambient storage control and material modification strategies.

Mechanically active biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration.

Mechanically active (mechanoactive) biomaterials are a class of naturally inspired materials that convert external stimulus inputs into dynamic and highly tunable mechanical outputs, which induces beneficial cellular responses and enhances the healing and regenerative processes of damaged tissues in a biosafety manner. Recently, various mechanoactive biomaterials, mainly classified into contractile materials, expansile materials, and oscillatory materials, have been developed and excellent results have been achieved in wound regeneration, blood loss control, and repair of soft and hard tissue defects. In this review, the recent progress of mechanoactive biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration is summarized, and a perspective towards the future outlook is discussed, aiming to highlight the potential of this emerging and powerful class of tissue repair materials.

Ocean soundscapes and trends from 2003 to 2021: 10-100 Hz.

We analyze ocean ambient sound from a global network of hydrophones installed and maintained by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. We process acoustic data from nine hydrophones across six hydroacoustic stations distributed across five oceans: North Pacific, South Pacific, South Atlantic, Indian, and Southern oceans, for up to 19 consecutive years between 2003 and 2021. We identify dominant natural and anthropogenic sources for all six stations and observe long-term trends at four of them.

Nano-Selenium supplementation Improves Meat Quality, Protein Deposition, and Selenoprotein Gene Expression in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus).

Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element for aquatic organisms. This study investigated the impact of dietary nano-selenium (Nano-Se) on growth, muscle nutritional quality, protein deposition, and selenoprotein gene expression in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). A total of 12,000 catfish (85.

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on gastric cancer immunity and immunotherapy.

Although immunotherapy has been predominant for advanced gastric cancer treatment, it still has limitations. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with inflammation while their roles in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are unclear. This study explores PUFAs' impacts on gastric cancer immunity and immunotherapy efficacy.

Sucrose-driven carbon redox rebalancing eliminates the Crabtree effect and boosts energy metabolism in yeast.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae primarily generates energy through glycolysis and respiration. However, the manifestation of the Crabtree effect results in substantial carbon loss and energy inefficiency, which significantly diminishes product yield and escalates substrate costs in microbial cell factories. To address this challenge, we introduce the sucrose phosphorolysis pathway and delete the phosphoglucose isomerase gene PGI1, effectively decoupling glycolysis from respiration and facilitating the metabolic transition of yeast to a Crabtree-negative state.

Research on Beef Marbling Grading Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8x.

Marbling is a crucial indicator that significantly impacts beef quality grading. Currently, Chinese beef processing enterprises rely on professional graders who visually assess marbling using national standard atlases. However, this manual evaluation method is highly subjective and time consuming.