Recent advances in the antileukemic mechanisms of fucoidan based on epigenetic regulation (Review).

Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem cells, whose complex pathogenesis is associated with multiple factors. Epigenetic regulation has been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of leukemia, and has become a major focus of research. Fucoidan (FPS), a natural sulfated polysaccharide primarily extracted from marine brown algae, is rich in L‑fucose and sulfate groups.

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

Deep learning as a bridge between intercultural sensitivity and learning outcomes: A comparative study of English-medium instruction delivery modes in Chinese higher education.

With the advancement of digitalization and blended learning, the integration of internationalization and technology has become increasingly significant in the context of English-medium Instruction (EMI). Both in-person and live online EMI courses delivered by foreign teachers (EMI-FT) have emerged as key components of Chinese universities' internationalization strategies. EMI refers to the use of English to teach academic subjects in non-English-speaking countries, exposing students to the challenges of intercultural learning and communication.

Cis-resveratrol blocks crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the TRPV4-Ca²⁺-phagocytosis-ROS axis.

Background: Inflammation is a vital biological defense mechanism, yet uncontrolled or prolonged inflammation can cause tissue damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a central component of innate immunity, drives inflammation by activating caspase-1 and promoting the release of cytokines like IL-1β. Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are potent NLRP3 inflammasome activators implicated in diseases such as gout.

SrZnGeSe: a promising infrared nonlinear optical material with strong second harmonic generation and high laser-induced damage threshold.

Developing new infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with strong NLO response and wide band gap is highly desired in the NLO fields but challenging due to the contradiction between the two critical parameters. In this work, by optimizing the advantageous structural motifs, a new selenide IR NLO candidate SrZnGeSe was rationally designed, fabricated, and validated in the experiment. Structurally, SrZnGeSe is composed of [ZnSe], [GeSe], and [SrSe] units, resulting in a tunnel-like three-dimensional structure.

Ceritinib (LDK378) inhibits laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression via regulating ROS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and inducing oxidative stress.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the head and neck with unfavorable outcomes. Ceritinib, an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), has not been thoroughly explored for its therapeutic potential in LSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that Ceritinib significantly inhibits the growth of LSCC cells (TU686 and AMC-HN8), disrupts oxidative stress homeostasis, and induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.

Reinforcing and psychostimulant effects of carfentanil and morphine in mice.

Carfentanil is a widely used opioid new psychoactive substance (NPS) that possesses a high risk of addiction. However, the positive and negative reinforcement, as well as the psychostimulant effects of carfentanil remain unclear. In the present study, we compared the rewarding (positive reinforcement) and psychostimulant effects between carfentanil and morphine, using the conditioned place preference (CPP, including acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement) and behavioral sensitization paradigms.

Association between sleep disorder and delirium in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Compared to non-cardiac surgical patients, those undergoing cardiac surgery exhibit a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and delirium, yet limited research has specifically examined this association in the cardiac surgical population. This study investigates the association between sleep disorders and the risk of delirium in patients after cardiac surgery, aiming to raise public awareness of the relationship.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV database.

Neutrophil extracellular traps predict sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and may influence the efficacy of immune-based therapies. However, their role in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NACI) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remains unclear.

Aim: To investigate the prognostic and predictive value of NET density in LAGC patients undergoing NACI.

Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and fracture risk in men: evidence from observational and Mendelian randomization analyses.

Unlabelled: Both observational and factorial Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that the combined exposure to higher TT and lower SHBG was associated with decreased risk of fracture. These findings suggest that considering both TT and SHBG-rather than focusing on testosterone alone-may improve fracture risk assessment.

Purpose: Lower total testosterone (TT) levels have been associated with increased fracture risk in aging men, yet the benefits of testosterone supplementation remain uncertain.

Effects of psychosocial stress on laryngeal microbiology and epithelial barrier integrity.

Psychosocial stress and laryngeal physiology are linked. However, the biological mechanisms of psychosocial stress on voice have not been studied. This study delineated the effects of psychosocial stress on laryngeal microbiota composition and vocal fold epithelial integrity.

Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by MNAT1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells reverses drug resistance.

Background: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), the predominant histological subtype of laryngeal cancer with a poor diagnosis, requires further exploration of its molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

Methods: The expression of MNAT1 in LSCC was detected by western blotting and IHC. EDU analysis, colony formation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis.

Performance of GPT-4 for automated prostate biopsy decision-making based on mpMRI: a multi-center evidence study.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has significantly advanced prostate cancer (PCa) detection, yet decisions on invasive biopsy with moderate prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) scores remain ambiguous.

Methods: To explore the decision-making capacity of Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 (GPT-4) for automated prostate biopsy recommendations, we included 2299 individuals who underwent prostate biopsy from 2018 to 2023 in 3 large medical centers, with available mpMRI before biopsy and documented clinical-histopathological records. GPT-4 generated structured reports with given prompts.

Effect of shift work on cerebral cortical activation and functional connectivity in nurses-implications for policy maker: a fNIRS observational study.

Background: Working in shifts can disrupt circadian rhythm and reduce sleep duration, which have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. Shift work is often a special requirement for nurses to provide continuous service for patients. The Stroop task is a classic method of executive function (EF) applied in neuroimaging researches.

Bioinformatics analysis and preliminary validation of autophagy-related genes in asthma disease.

Many studies have suggested that autophagy may be involved in the development of asthma disease. However, the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to identify and validate potential autophagy-related genes in asthma through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.

Paramagnetic susceptibility mapping better quantifies brain iron content in Parkinson's disease with RBD.

The specific mechanism underlying the effect of changes in brain iron content on the development of RBD secondary to PD remains unclear. 27 PD patients with secondary RBD (PD-RBD), 24 PD patients without RBD (PD-RBD), and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Paramagnetic susceptibility was isolated using APART-QSM.

Field-induced 1D/2D switchable grating based on a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal.

This letter proposes a 1D/2D switchable grating that is fabricated by injecting a mixture of polymer and liquid crystal (LC) into a LC cell with in-plane switching (IPS) electrodes and using a photomask for polymer-induced phase separation. The switching between 1D and 2D gratings is achieved through an external electric field. In the absence of an external electric field, a 1D polymer dispersed LC (PDLC) grating is presented; under the presence of an external electric field, the PDLC grating couples with the IPS electrode to form a 2D grating.

Knockdown of RUNX2 Attenuated A1 Astrocyte Overactivation, Brain Injury, and Cerebral Edema During Ischemic Stroke.

Although researchers began to unravel the potential significance of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in some of neurological diseases, the role of RUNX2 in ischemic stroke remained unclear. Blood samples and clinical information were collected from stroke patients and control subjects. Besides, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice model and astrocytes oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were established to simulate the pathological process of stroke in vivo and in vitro.

Revealing unusual storage failure of single-crystal high-nickel cathodes during high-temperature and high-humidity exposure.

This work investigates an unusual storage failure in single-crystal high-nickel cathode materials under a simulated hot and humid environment. A transient passivation effect was observed during short-term exposure, followed by rapid performance deterioration and structural/chemical state transformations upon prolonged storage. The findings highlight the need for targeted ambient storage control and material modification strategies.

Luteolin Potentially Alleviates Methamphetamine Withdrawal-Induced Negative Emotions and Cognitive Deficits Through the AKT/FOXO1/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex and Caudate Putamen.

Methamphetamine (METH) misuse-induced affective and cognitive dysfunctions cause severe global health and economic burdens. However, the mechanisms underlying METH withdrawal-induced negative emotions and cognitive deficits, as well as the treatment strategies for them, remain elusive. Previous findings suggest that METH use triggers neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and protein kinase B (AKT), forkhead box protein 1 (FOXO1), and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are implicated in these processes.

Parental Perspectives and Infant Motor Development: An Integrated Ecological Model.

Infant motor development has traditionally been studied through child-centered frameworks that often overlook the vital role parents play in shaping early outcomes. This paper provides a renewed ecological approach, foregrounding parental perspectives-knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, theories, and expectations-and examining how they directly and indirectly guide infants' motor trajectories. Drawing on cross-cultural evidence, we illustrate how differences in parental priorities and caregiving behaviors can either accelerate or delay the emergence of crucial motor skills.

Bottom-Up Design of Prebiotics and Probiotics: An Intestinal Microbiota-Centered Approach to Chronic and Functional Constipation Management.

Chronic constipation (CC) and functional constipation (FC) are common gastrointestinal disorders that significantly affect quality of life. This study investigates the intestinal microbiota characteristics in CC and FC patients, revealing microbial imbalances characterized by reduced beneficial taxa, such as Acinetobacter, Blautia, Dorea formicigenerans, Eubacterium ramulus, and Halomonas, alongside increased levels of Alistipes, Holdemanella, Parabacteroides, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and so on. These findings highlight dysbiosis as a critical factor in constipation pathogenesis and provide a foundation for the bottom-up design of targeted probiotics and prebiotics.

Adjusting frequency response characteristics of fiber optic accelerometers using electromagnetic feedback technology.

A control method of electromagnetic feedback is proposed for adjusting frequency response characteristics of fiber optic accelerometers, which could expand the flat working bandwidth and enhance performance consistency. The proof sensor employs an open-loop disc-type vibration pickup structure, cascaded with an electromagnetic feedback control unit. A proportional-differential control algorithm is utilized to generate the feedback signal, which ultimately acts on the input side of the sensor.