An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

promotes malignancy of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating IGF2BP3-mediated nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) plays a critical role in the progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate various biological processes and contribute to HCC development, with their therapeutic potential in disease progression recently gaining significant attention. However, the involvement of lncRNAs in HBx-related hepatocarcinogenesis and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Single-shot digital image-correlation-assisted digital holography for simultaneous 3D shape and displacement measurement.

To measure surface 3D shape and displacement of curved diffuse objects, existing holographic techniques usually rely on complex optical systems or multiple shots. This is because digital holography (DH) can only measure displacement along the direction of the sensitivity vector. To realize 3D displacement measurement, three DH setups are needed.

Application of nanomaterials in central nervous system disorders.

There is a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases: Neuronal damage causes a dissipation of the intermediate metabolites, triggering a wider range of injury and inflammation. Due to the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier, the drug treatment of neurological diseases is not effective. Nanomedicine, with good biocompatibility and high plasticity, can pass through the blood-brain barrier through various mechanisms and targeted the lesion: The nano-delivery system helps drugs cross the blood-brain barrier while taking advantage of its high drug-loading capacity to achieve combined treatment; Nano-enzymes can simulate the enzymatic reaction in biological body to remove metabolic substances, and are more stable and economical than biological enzymes; Individual nanomedicine can regulate the differentiation process of neural stem cells from the genetic level, increase the number of neurons, and repair injured nerves.

Fractionation mechanisms of rare earth element speciation in granitic weathering profiles: Metallogenic implications for the kuanyu ion-adsorption REE deposit, dechang, SW China.

The Kuanyu ion-adsorption rare earth element (REE) deposit, Sichuan's first economically viable resource of its type, remains underexplored in terms of REE fractionation and enrichment mechanisms within its weathering profiles. This study systematically resolves REE speciation patterns and light-to-heavy REE (LREE/HREE) differentiation processes, advancing the metallogenic framework fo r such deposits. Analytical results demonstrate: (1) A vertically progressive enrichment of LREE-dominated REE concentrations from bedrock to topsoil, with the fully weathered layer serving as the primary enrichment zone; (2) Weathering of primary REE-bearing minerals and subsequent secondary mineral formation as drivers of elemental redistribution; (3) Contrasting controls by clay minerals, iron-manganese oxides, and humic acids-clay minerals preferentially adsorb LREEs, while iron-manganese oxides exhibit stronger HREE affinity through inner-sphere complexation, and humic acids enhance HREE mobility via stable complex formation.

Trends and future directions in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A bibliometric analysis.

Objectives: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory condition that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Despite significant efforts to develop effective treatments, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this field is lacking. This study aims to identify key trends, influential publications, leading authors, and collaborative networks.

T-cell differentiation stage block bias confers hypermethylation and mediastinal preference in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Background: The clinical guideline classifies T-LBL and T-ALL jointly, differentiating them merely by the bone marrow blast cell proportion. However, their distinct clinical manifestations, genetic profiles, and specific pathogenic requirements have prompted us to reevaluate the differences between them.

Methods And Results: We established the NCH-TALL-LBL cohort, which includes flow cytometry data and somatic mutation data from our center.

Unified solution of non-limit active and passive earth pressure of retaining wall considering soil arching effect.

The existing theory can not get the unified solution of non-limit active and passive earth pressure with clear mechanical concept. Based on Duncan-Chang stress-strain model, this paper puts forward a relationship between friction angle and wall displacement ratio, which can consider both non-limit active state and non-limit passive state. According to the horizontal layer analysis method, the unified solution of non-limit active and passive earth pressure of retaining wall can be derived, which can be reduced to Rankine solution.

Integrated network toxicology and population-based analysis uncovers organophosphate flame retardant exposure as a risk factor for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: mechanistic and clinical insights.

Background: Laboratory evidence has recently shown that exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) can cause adverse liver outcomes, which lacks further validation.

Objective: The present study investigated the correlation and toxicological mechanism between OPFRs exposure and hepatic steatosis or fibrosis.

Method: To explore the association of OPFRs exposure with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, we conducted the population analysis using the data of urinary OPFRs monitoring and liver vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) examinations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2017-2018.

Research progress of gene editing technology in neurological diseases.

Gene editing (GE) technology is a genetic manipulation technique based on artificial nucleases that enables the precise modification of DNA or RNA. With the development of technology, GE in disease treatment is becoming increasingly widespread, playing an essential role in haematology, cancer, and neurological disorders (ND). This review describes the principles, advantages, and limitations of four GE technologies, focusing on the fourth generation of GE (next-generation GE).

Dynamic cross-linked topological network reconciles the longstanding contradictory properties of polymers.

There is usually a trade-off between high-tensile properties and processability in polymers because the mechanisms of these properties are mutually exclusive. Here, we design a chemically coupled four-arm dynamic polymer cross-link site to overcome this challenge. By concurrently increasing cross-link sites and dynamic bond contents, this approach fabricates polymer networks with high cross-link density yet low processing temperature, challenging the conventional structure-property relationship where cross-linking inherently limits plasticity.

An Autonomous Vehicle Behavior Decision Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning with Hybrid State Space and Driving Risk.

Behavioral decision-making is an important part of the high-level intelligent driving system of intelligent vehicles, and efficient and safe behavioral decision-making plays an important role in the deployment of intelligent transportation system, which is a hot topic of current research. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method based on mixed-state space and driving risk for autonomous vehicle behavior decision-making, which enables autonomous vehicles to make behavioral decisions with minimal instantaneous risk through deep reinforcement learning training. Firstly, based on the various behaviors that may be taken by autonomous vehicles during high-speed driving, a calculation method for autonomous vehicle driving risk is proposed.

FGF1 alleviates polystyrene nanoplastics-induced neuroinflammation through the suppression of lipophagy.

Global contamination with nanoplastics (NPs) has raised public concern regarding their adverse effects on human health. However, little is known about the toxic effects of NPs on the nervous system. This study explored the neurotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) under the exposure model in vitro and in vivo.

Use of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined With Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Predicting Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) combined with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels to evaluate the efficacy of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) treatment is still rare.

Purpose: To investigate the predictive value of DCE-MRI combined with serum CEA and CA 19-9 concerning the efficacy of comprehensive treatment for CRCLM.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 patients with CRC were retrospectively recruited using convenience sampling between May 2019 and March 2024.

Experimental study on the shear behaviour of high-strength lightweight concrete beams incorporating graphene oxide.

Graphene oxide (GO) has achieved significant progress in the material behaviour of cement-based materials. However, research on its structural behaviour in high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) structures is limited, which restricts its engineering applications. This study focused on investigating the effects of low contents of GO on the shear behaviour of HSLWC beams.

A Competition for the Diagnosis of Myopic Maculopathy by Artificial Intelligence Algorithms.

Importance: Myopic maculopathy (MM) is a major cause of vision impairment globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for detecting MM from fundus images could potentially improve diagnosis and assist screening in a variety of health care settings.

Objectives: To evaluate DL algorithms for MM classification and segmentation and compare their performance with that of ophthalmologists.

A deep learning system for myopia onset prediction and intervention effectiveness evaluation in children.

The increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide presents a significant public health challenge. A key strategy to combat myopia is with early detection and prediction in children as such examination allows for effective intervention using readily accessible imaging technique. To this end, we introduced DeepMyopia, an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision support system to detect and predict myopia onset and facilitate targeted interventions for children at risk using routine retinal fundus images.

Preliminary study on AI-assisted diagnosis of bone remodeling in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Objective: To construct the deep learning convolution neural network (CNN) model and machine learning support vector machine (SVM) model of bone remodeling of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) based on CT image data to improve the accuracy of image diagnosis.

Methods: Maxillary sinus CT data of 1000 samples in 500 patients from January 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital was collected. The first part is the establishment and testing of chronic maxillary sinusitis detection model by 461 images.

The involvement of SigmaR1 degradation mediated by ERAD in neural senescence linked with CdCl exposure.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Due to its uncertain pathogenesis, there is currently no treatment available for AD. Increasing evidences have linked cellular senescence to AD, although the mechanism triggering cellular senescence in AD requires further exploration.

Aflatoxin B-exposed hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: Initiating hepatic stellate cell-mediated liver fibrosis through a p53-Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway.

Environmental aflatoxin B (AFB) exposure has been proposed to contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting liver fibrosis, but the potential mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recognized as crucial traffickers for hepatic intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathological process of liver fibrosis. The AFB-exposed hepatocyte-derived EVs (AFB-EVs) were extracted, and the functional effects of AFB-EVs on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were explored to investigate the molecular mechanism of AFB exposure-induced liver fibrogenesis.

The relationship between right atrial wall inflammation and poor prognosis of atrial fibrillation based on F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been identified to increase stroke risk, even after oral anticoagulants (OACs), and the recurrence rate is high after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Inflammation is an essential factor in the occurrence and persistence of AF. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an established molecular imaging modality to detect local inflammation.

Interventing mitochondrial PD-L1 suppressed IFN-γ-induced cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma by sensitizing sorafenib-induced ferroptosis.

Evidence recently showed that pleiotropic cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a positive role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression through the regulation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in HCC. The present study explored the role and potential mechanism of mitochondrial programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its regulation of ferroptosis in modulating the cancer stemness of LCSCs. It was shown that mimicking TME IFN-γ exposure increased the LCSCs ratio and cancer stemness phenotypes in HCC cells.

A pan-cancer analysis of anti-proliferative protein family genes for therapeutic targets in cancer.

The recently discovered APRO (anti-proliferative protein) family encodes a group of trans-membrane glycoproteins and includes 6 members: TOB1, TOB2, BTG1, BTG2, BTG3 and BTG4. The APRO family is reportedly associated with the initiation and progression of cancers. This study aims to undertake a comprehensive investigation of the APRO family of proteins as a prognostic biomarker in various human tumors.

Right atrial wall inflammation detected by F-FDG PET/CT may be significantly associated with persistent atrial fibrillation: a prospective case-control study.

Aim: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive disease from paroxysmal to persistent, and persistent AF (PerAF) had worse prognosis. AF has potential link with inflammation, but it is not clear whether PerAF or paroxysmal AF (ParAF) is more closely related to inflammation. On the basis of inhibiting myocardial physiological uptake, F-fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) is an established imaging modality to detect cardiac inflammation.