CircularRNA and Musculoskeletal Diseases.

The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and plays a crucial role in the locomotion, metabolism, and homeostasis. Myogenesis is regulated by a complex molecular network and is kept finely balanced under physiological conditions. The disorder of muscular homeostasis results in musculoskeletal diseases, including myositis, dystrophy, sarcopenia, atrophy, and cachexia.

SCRIPT: Predicting Single-Cell Long-Range Cis-Regulation Based on Pretrained Graph Attention Networks.

Single-cell cis-regulatory relationships (CRRs) are essential for deciphering transcriptional regulation and understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of disease-associated non-coding variants. Existing computational methods struggle to accurately predict single-cell CRRs due to inadequately integrating causal biological principles and large-scale single-cell data. Here, SCRIPT (Single-cell Cis-regulatory Relationship Identifier based on Pre-Trained graph attention networks) is presented for inferring single-cell CRRs from transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data.

Vitamin B-6 Deficiency Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior in Sprague-Dawley Rats by Disrupting Gut Homeostasis.

Background: Vitamin B-6 (VB-6) is essential for numerous metabolic pathways, including neurotransmitter synthesis, and its deficiency has been linked to neurologic disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that B vitamin deficiencies can disturb the gut microbiome. Although the gut-brain axis is well recognized, the influence of VB-6 deficiency on behavior via gut-mediated mechanisms remains poorly understood.

An Annotated Biobank of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts Features Treatment-Naïve and Longitudinal Samples During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that fails to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can be lethal. Developing effective strategies to eradicate chemoresistant disease requires experimental models that recapitulate the heterogeneity characteristic of TNBC. To that end, we established a biobank of 92 orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TNBC from the tumors of 75 patients enrolled in the ARTEMIS clinical trial (NCT02276443), including 12 longitudinal sets generated from serial patient biopsies collected throughout NACT treatment and from metastatic disease.

Reconfigurable metasurfaces to realize BB84 protocol for wireless quantum communication.

Metasurfaces showcase unique abilities to arbitrarily manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic (EM) waves, facilitating their application in wireless communication. In the propagation of EM waves, traditional methods cause severe security concerns in channel/deciphering under eavesdropping. Fortunately, quantum communication, based on quantum key distribution (QKD) of the BB84 protocol, endows the transmission with high security.

SemiSAM+: Rethinking semi-supervised medical image segmentation in the era of foundation models.

Deep learning-based medical image segmentation typically requires large amount of labeled data for training, making it less applicable in clinical settings due to high annotation cost. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as an appealing strategy due to its less dependence on acquiring abundant annotations from experts compared to fully supervised methods. Beyond existing model-centric advancements of SSL by designing novel regularization strategies, we anticipate a paradigmatic shift due to the emergence of promptable segmentation foundation models with universal segmentation capabilities using positional prompts represented by Segment Anything Model (SAM).

Core Symptoms and Dynamic Interactions of Depressive Symptoms in Older Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis.

Depressive symptoms in older adults are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes. Understanding how depressive symptoms interrelate can enhance intervention strategies. While network analysis has advanced our comprehension of depressive symptom structure, few studies have explored dynamic interactions in older populations.

Threshold effect study on the development of prefabricated buildings for energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction industry.

Prefabricated construction is a key strategy for achieving a low-carbon transformation in the construction sector. In the context of national policies and standards aimed at promoting an increase in the prefabrication rate, recent investigations have revealed that the environmental benefits of prefabricated construction cannot be consistently realized, and the lack of data on the development of prefabricated construction has resulted in limited related research. To address this issue, this paper tackles the issue of inadequate data on indicators pertaining to the growth of prefabricated construction by utilizing crawler technology.

Pine wood species identification based on random forest transformer and near infrared spectroscopy.

In the wood trade market, inferior timber is frequently mislabeled as a superior timber for higher profits. To effectively avoid this and circumvent unnecessary economical losses, this study proposes a pine species identification based on Random Forest Transformer and near infrared spectroscopy to identify the three kinds of pine wood, namely, Pinus koraiensis (red pine), Pinus sylvestris (scotch pine) and Larix gmelinii (larch). Preprocessing methods were applied to the spectra data of the pine wood samples.

A data-to-forecast machine learning system for global weather.

Weather forecasting traditionally relies on numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems that integrate global observations, data assimilation (DA), and physics-based models. However, further advances are increasingly constrained by high computational costs, the underutilization of vast observational datasets, and challenges in obtaining finer resolution. Recent advances in machine learning present a promising alternative, but still depend on the initial conditions generated by NWP systems.

High expression of DGKA indicates poor overall survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor with strong tendency of metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, prognostic indicators for NPC are urgently needed. DGKA is overexpressed in many cancers.

Role and mechanism of IGFBP5 in the real-ambient particulate matter exposure-induced chronic lung injury.

Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main pathological processes of particulate matter (PM)-induced lung injury. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is an important secretory protein related to inflammation and oxidative damage in several tissues, whereas its roles in PM-induced lung adverse effects remain largely unexplored.

Methods: In the present study, mice were housed in an individual ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system for eight weeks.

Aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol formation on mineral dust.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a significant component of airborne particles that impacts air quality, health, and climate globally. Aqueous-phase reactions contribute substantially to SOA mass. However, this process is primarily treated as occurring in submicron particles that contain water, or within cloud droplets in state-of-the-art models.

Selective Alanine Transporter Utilization is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in ARID1A-Mutant Ovarian Cancer.

Subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex are altered in ~20% of human cancers. Exemplifying the alterations is the ARID1A mutation that occurs in ~50% ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), a disease with limited therapeutic options. Here, we showed that ARID1A mutations create a dependence on alanine by regulating alanine transporters to increase intracellular alanine levels.

Dietary carbohydrate intake and risks of overall and 21 site-specific cancers: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Cancer is among the world's top causes of death, and diet plays an important role in cancer risk. However, few studies have addressed a comprehensive atlas that details the connections between dietary carbohydrates and cancer risk.

Methods: We conducted a large population-based prospective cohort research based on the UK Biobank including 194,388 participants.

Fine segmentation-driven quality enhancement of unrinsed surimi: Decoupling component differentials for surimi performance.

The rinsing treatment in conventional surimi processing causes nutrient/flavor loss and wastewater generation, raising environmental concerns. Therefore, exploring novel environmentally-friendly and efficient processing strategies for surimi production is of significance. In this study, the effects of fine segmentation combined with bubble cleaning on the composition and gel properties of unrinsed silver carp surimi were investigated.

Co-Self-Assembled Monolayer Enables Sensitive SERS Detection of Nanoplastics via Spontaneous Hotspot Entrapment.

Identification and quantitative analysis of nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment are extremely challenging. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising technique, but conventional solid SERS substrate-based detection faces difficulties such as ensuring NPs make contact with hotspots, dealing with uneven particle distribution, and poor detection repeatability. Herein, we propose a simple and sensitive SERS detection strategy by co-self-assembling silver (Ag) nanoparticles and NPs in a monolayer.

Detection of chronic wasting disease prions in soil at an illegal white-tailed deer carcass disposal site.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious prion disorder affecting cervids such as deer, elk, caribou, and moose, causing progressive and severe neurological degeneration followed by eventual death. As CWD prions (PrP) accumulate in the body, they are shed through excreta and secreta, as well as through decomposing carcasses. Prions can persist in the environment for years, posing significant concerns for ongoing transmission to susceptible cervids and pose an unknown risk to sympatric species.

Tumefactive demyelination as the first presentation of MOG ab-associated disease.

Tumefactive demyelination is a rare but clinically significant manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), often posing diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to neoplastic lesions. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman presenting with a 3-week history of limb weakness, slowed responsiveness, and aphasia. Neurological examination revealed confusion and sensory aphasia.

Synaptic potentiation of engram cells is necessary and sufficient for context fear memory.

The nature and distribution of the synaptic changes that underlie memory are not well understood. Here we examine the synaptic plasticity behind context fear conditioning in male and female mice and find that new learning produces synaptic potentiation specifically onto engram neurons in the basolateral amygdala. This potentiation lasts at least 7 days, is reversed by extinction, and its disruption impairs memory recall.

Probing the Ca1.2 interactome in heart failure identifies a positive modulator of inotropy and lusitropy.

Background: Maladaptive changes in the function, expression and localization of proteins involved in calcium-handling worsen the impaired contractility of systolic heart failure (HF). Standard proteomics techniques require cell lysis and so are unable to characterize changes specific to the critical subcellular domain bounded by the T-tubule and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, known as the cardiac dyad. Traditional approaches are also less likely to capture low-affinity protein-protein interactions on lipid membranes.

Second-order threat conditioning in the amygdala-posterior piriform cortex network.

Fear, while crucial for survival, is a component of a myriad of psychiatric illnesses in its extreme. Persistent fear memories can form through processes such as second-order conditioning (SOC), during which a second-order conditioned stimulus (CS2) acquires significance by associating with a first-order conditioned stimulus (CS1). The neural circuitry underlying SOC, particularly the roles of sensory cortices, remains poorly understood.