Clinical efficacy of simethicone combined with bifidobacterium in the treatment of pediatric aerophagia.

Background: The causes of children aerophagia are complex, and the treatment methods are diverse. Moreover, it is prone to recurrent attacks. Simethicone oil, as a safe and new type of drug, can be used for treatment.

Single-Cell Sequencing-Based Exploration of the Role of Tip Cells on Astrocytes and Macrophages After Spinal Cord Injury.

Excessive inflammation is a capital cause of scar formation and inflammation microenvironment that result in challenge of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Macrophages and astrocytes play important roles in the inflammatory response. Tip cells, a critical endothelial sub-population, play pivotal roles in post-injury vascular regeneration.

Consecutive Hybrid Bioprinting of Microfiber-Reinforced Living Muscle Constructs with Highly-Aligned Cellular Organizations.

Replicating the highly-organized extracellular matrix microfibrillar networks and directional cellular organization of native skeletal muscles is essential for engineering functional muscle constructs. Here, we propose a consecutive hybrid bioprinting (CHB) strategy to fabricate living composite constructs with polymeric microfibers, sacrificial gelatin and cell-laden fibrin hydrogels by combining electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing and extrusion-based bioprinting, which enables the engineering of mechanically-matched and highly-aligned porous muscle constructs. The bioprinted hydrogel components provide a smooth and dynamically-rising conductive surface for stable EHD printing of well-organized microfibers with centimeter height, which conversely provides mechanical support to ensure the structural integrity of the resultant composite constructs.

New insights into tryptophan metabolism in ischemic stroke: A promising therapeutic target.

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism has been increasingly implicated in its pathophysiology. Tryptophan is catabolized through three principal pathways: the kynurenine, serotonin, and microbial indole pathways, each producing bioactive metabolites that modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and immune responses following stroke.

Facile synthesis of a near-infrared fluorophore based on Dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene-6,12-dione acceptor for dual applications in organic light-emitting diode and cellular imaging.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores, characterized by emission wavelengths exceeding 650 nm, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse and advanced applications in fields such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photomicrography, anti-counterfeiting, in vivo/vitro bioimaging, as well as theranostics. In this study, we report the rational design and facile synthesis of a novel NIR fluorescent molecule, AA-TPA, strategically constructed by integrating two twisted triphenylamine (TPA) electron-donating groups with a dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene-6,12-dione (AA) electron-accepting unit. The pronounced donor-acceptor interaction within the non-planar and rigid molecular architecture facilitates NIR emission with a peak at 667 nm, while preserving efficient luminescence with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 46 % in a doped film.

HSP90 inhibition induces oncogenic EGF receptor degradation to suppress cell growth in non-small cell lung cancer.

Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor mutations severely limits the efficacy of cancer therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical demand to find novel therapeutic strategies that can produce durable responses for such patients. EGF receptor-L858R is a common activating mutation and T790M/C797S can account for acquired resistance to EGF receptor-TKI like gefitinib.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the GH19 Chitinase Gene Family in Sea Island Cotton.

In this study, GH19 chitinase (Chi) gene family was systematically identified and characterized using genomic assemblies from four cotton species: , , , and . A suite of analyses was performed, including genome-wide gene identification, physicochemical property characterization of the encoded proteins, subcellular localization prediction, phylogenetic reconstruction, chromosomal mapping, promoter cis-element analysis, and comprehensive expression profiling using transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR (including tissue-specific expression, hormone treatments, and infection assays). A total of 107 GH19 genes were identified across the four species (35 in , 37 in , 19 in , and 16 in ).

Cocaine chemogenetics blunts drug-seeking by synthetic physiology.

Chemical feedback is ubiquitous in physiology but is challenging to study without perturbing basal functions. One example is addictive drugs, which elicit a positive-feedback cycle of drug-seeking and ingestion by acting on the brain to increase dopamine signalling. However, interfering with this process by altering basal dopamine also adversely affects learning, movement, attention and wakefulness.

Disturbance of cytoskeleton induced by ligustilide promotes hepatic stellate cell senescence and ameliorates liver fibrosis.

Inducing the senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis, with potential connections to the Yes-associated protein (YAP)-controlled cGAS-STING pathway. However, the regulatory role of cytoskeletal dynamics on HSC senescence and its potential as a target for natural products have remained poorly understood. We employed preclinical and transcriptome analyses, experimental systems, Tmem173 mice and liver-specific STING knockdown mice to demonstrate the anti-fibrotic effects and mechanism of ligustilide (LIG).

Comprehensive transcriptome sequencing and biochemical studies revealed that acrolein induced lung injury in BEAS-2B cells and male rats through the lncRNA MIR155HG/miR-155-5p/CD200R1 and Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 ferroptosis pathways.

Acrolein is a significant high priority hazardous air pollutant. This research explore the relationship of acrolein-induced ferroptosis with the pathogenesis of lung injury by combining cellular, transcriptome, and animal-level studies. The results in vivo and in vitro models indicated that a total of 18,868 differenced lncRNAs and 15,639 differenced mRNAs were obtained after acrolein exposure.

A Systematic Survey of the Optimal Strategy for Dealing With Missing Binary Outcomes in Simulation Studies of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Aim: To summarize the optimal strategies for dealing with missing binary outcome data (MBOD) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as informed by simulation studies, and to summarize the quality of reporting in these studies.

Methods: To identify simulation studies comparing at least two strategies to deal with MBOD and evaluating their performance (bias, coverage and power), we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Ovid, Web of Science, and JSTOR from their inception up to December 20, 2023. We evaluated reporting quality using established criteria for simulation studies in medical statistics.

In situ atomic-resolution imaging of water vapor-driven multistep oxidation dynamics in strontium cobaltite.

Understanding how water vapor interacts with transition metal oxides (TMOs) is critical for tailoring material properties to improve performance and enable new technologies. Despite extensive research efforts, atomic-scale mechanisms underpinning dynamic reactions and reaction-induced phase transitions remain elusive. Here, we use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy to investigate how water vapor oxidizes vacancy-ordered SrCoO at moderately elevated temperatures, demonstrating that water molecules can initiate oxidation more effectively than oxygen under comparable conditions.

Temporal Features of Gamma Activity of Hyper-direct Pathway Regulated by Dopamine Receptors in the Dyskinetic Rat.

Cortico-thalamic projections (the hyper-direct pathway) are implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a challenging complication in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Excessive beta and gamma activity in PD and LID has frequently been reported in recent cross-sectional studies. We aimed to investigate the temporal features of beta and gamma activity in the hyper-direct pathway during the development of PD and LID in rats, as well as the regulatory role of the dopamine receptors DI (D1Rs) and DIII (D3Rs) in these disorders.

Efficacy and Safety of HSK31679 in Asian Patients with MASLD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Aims: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the thyroid hormone receptor β agonist HSK31679 in Asian patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: This was a phase 2a, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study at 26 centers in China. Subjects with a liver fat content (LFC) of ≥ 8% at screening, when assessed by magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction, were eligible.

Genotypic Characteristics of Based on Whole Genome Sequencing - Southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2021-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Currently, is classified into 9 major lineages, each exhibiting distinct geographical distribution patterns and transmission characteristics. In China, Lineage 2 predominates, while Lineage 3 is primarily distributed in the Xinjiang region.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study integrated multidimensional analyses incorporating patient characteristics, strain lineages, drug resistance profiles, and transmission networks, providing a comprehensive elucidation of molecular epidemiology.

Petal orbital angular momentum multiplexing holography for two-dimensional optical encryption.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing holography offers unprecedented capacity for optical encryption. We propose a petal OAM holographic scheme for two-dimensional optical encryption by constructing superposition modes of ± OAM states with phase , uniquely encoding dual degrees of freedom (DoFs, and ) as independent multiplexing channels. The strong mode selectivity enables multi-image integration into a single hologram, doubling information capacity while enhancing security.

Construction and validation of an anoikis-related long non-coding RNA-based prognostic model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: As a unique form of apoptosis, anoikis significantly influences tumor biology. Studies have revealed the diverse roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer signaling pathways; however, the prognostic significance of anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs (ARLncs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unexplored. Therefore, this research was undertaken to establish a risk model and assess its predictive ability for prognosis and immune landscape in individuals with HNSCC.

Distinct Synaptic Mechanisms Drive Variant-Mediated Pathogenesis in iPSC-Derived Neuronal Models of Autism and Schizophrenia.

Copy number deletions in the 2p16.3/ locus confer genome wide risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Prior work demonstrated that heterozygous deletions decreases synaptic strength and neurotransmitter release probability in human-iPSC derived cortical glutamatergic induced neurons and this synaptic phenotype is replicated in SCZ patient iPSCs with varying genomic deletions.

Selective Oxidation and Cr Segregation in High-Entropy Oxide Thin Films.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) offer exceptional compositional flexibility and structural stability, making them promising materials for energy and catalytic applications. Here, we investigate Sr doping effects on B-site cation oxidation states, local composition, and structure in epitaxial LaSr(CrMnFeCoNi)O thin films. X-ray spectroscopies reveal that Sr doping preferentially promotes Cr oxidation from Cr to Cr, partially oxidizes Co and Ni, while leaving Mn and Fe unchanged.

FoxO3 Activation Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Enhancing Autophagic Flux and Suppressing mTOR/ROS Signalling.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy drug, but its use is limited by cardiotoxicity, known as DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The transcription factor FoxO3, which regulates autophagy and oxidative stress, has unclear mechanisms in this condition. We found that DOX-induced cardiomyopathy involved cardiac atrophy, cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis and mitochondrial damage.

Time trend of measles burden on children and adolescents in BRICS-plus countries from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2032.

Background: Measles remains a major disease burden on children and adolescents in BRICS-plus countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and five others) despite vaccine efficacy. This study aims to clarify the temporal trend of measles burden and forecast the trend in 2032.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 were utilized to analyze the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of measles in BRICS-plus countries.

Navigating pressure and connection: goal orientation, coach-athlete relationships, and burnout among Chinese collegiate athletes-a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Competitive sport often imposes significant physical and psychological stress, making athlete burnout a primary concern. This mixed-methods study investigated the interplay of goal orientation, coach-athlete relationship (CAR) quality, and athlete burnout among Chinese collegiate athletes, considering unique cultural and systemic pressures.

Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of neurodevelopment in preterm infants.

Background: This study analyzes the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in evaluating neurodevelopment in preterm infants (PTIs).

Methods: A total of 107 PTIs born from October 2021 to May 2023 completed MRI + DTI. The diagnostic value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the frontal white matter region for brain white matter injury (WMI) was analyzed.

Relationship between coronary artery calcification and plaque vulnerability, a qualitative and quantitative optical coherence tomography study.

Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an established hallmark of advanced atherosclerosis. The detailed relationship between CAC and plaque vulnerability remains incompletely understood. We aim to investigate the relationship between calcification burden, calcification patterns, and plaque instability features.