Adipocyte-specific IGF1R knockout activates the β-catenin/apelin axis to combat diet-induced obesity in male mice.

Aims: Obesity, driven by complex genetic and environmental interactions, remains a global health crisis with limited therapeutic options. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) plays dual roles in metabolism and growth, but its tissue-specific functions in adipose biology are controversial. This study investigates how adipose-specific IGF1R knockout impacts systemic metabolism under high-fat diet (HFD) stress and explores the underlying mechanisms.

A combined designed CSP and Pfs48/45 infection and transmission blocking vaccine for malaria.

The multiple stages of the malaria parasite life cycle hampers vaccine development. Combining a pre-erythrocytic antigen with a transmission-blocking antigen would target two independent stages of the life cycle for disease control, resulting in a multistage vaccine that can prevent infection and disease transmission simultaneously. Here, we generated a self-assembled ferritin nanoparticle vaccine that simultaneously presents designed immunogens CSPj5c and 17-4 from the infection-blocking circumsporozoite and the transmission-blocking Pfs48/45 antigens.

New insights into tryptophan metabolism in ischemic stroke: A promising therapeutic target.

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism has been increasingly implicated in its pathophysiology. Tryptophan is catabolized through three principal pathways: the kynurenine, serotonin, and microbial indole pathways, each producing bioactive metabolites that modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and immune responses following stroke.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of RPL24 expression in the yak oviduct and its regulatory mechanism on epithelial cell proliferation via DDX3X/DDX5.

To investigate the role of RPL24 in regulating yak (Bos grunniens) oviductal epithelial cell (OEC) phenotype via DDX3X/DDX5, we developed a polyclonal anti-RPL24 antibody. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed widespread RPL24 expression in infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus epithelial cells during the follicular, luteal, and gestational stages. Changes in RPL24, DDX3X, and DDX5 expression levels in fallopian tube tissues were quantitatively analyzed using western blotting.

Ternary Co-Assembly Synthesis of Mesoporous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides/Oxides Heterostructures for Synergistically Enhanced Room-Temperature Chemiresistive Sensors.

Constructing transition metal dichalcogenides/oxides (TMDs/TMOs) heterostructures is an effective strategy to enhance their functional properties through band coupling and carrier migration. Furthermore, introducing a mesoporous architecture into TMDs/TMOs can significantly improve their porosity and specific surface area, thereby boosting their performance in chemical sensing, energy storage/conversion, and catalysis. However, it remains a significant challenge to realize a direct and facile synthesis of mesoporous TMDs/TMOs (mTMDs/TMOs) heterostructures with tunable compositions and abundant heterogeneous interfaces.

Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism via PPARα-Orchestrated FADS2 in Keratinocytes Modulates Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyper-proliferation and immune dysregulation. Recent evidence has implicated dysregulated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this study, fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), the rate-limiting Δ6-desaturase in PUFA biosynthesis, is identified as a central regulator of psoriatic inflammation.

Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Atherosclerosis: Precision Targeting, Inflammatory Modulation, and Plaque Stabilization.

Atherosclerosis remains a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, presenting considerable therapeutic challenges due to its multifaceted and complex pathogenesis. This review systematically explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and examines recent advances in nanoparticle drug delivery systems (NDDSs) tailored for atherosclerosis treatment. NDDS has many advantages in this setting.

Diffusion of Alkaline Metals in Two-Dimensional β-ScSiN and β-ScSiN Materials: A First-Principles Investigation.

The MAZ family represents a class of two-dimensional materials renowned for their outstanding mechanical properties and excellent environmental stability. By means of elemental substitution, we designed two novel phases of ScSiN, namely β and β. Their dynamical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities were thoroughly verified through phonon dispersion analysis, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, and calculations of mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.

Smart Gated Hollow Mesoporous Silica Hydrogel for Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Promoting Periodontal Tissue Regeneration.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease involving pathogenic biofilm formation, amplified oxidative stress, and impaired tissue regeneration. In addition to its complicated pathology, effective treatment of periodontitis is challenged by a dynamic oral microenvironment that prevents drug retention. To overcome these issues, an anti-bacterial, ROS-scavenging, and tissue-regenerative hydrogel system (HQUP@TF127) is developed.

Adaptive changes in the intestinal microbiota of giant pandas following reintroduction.

The biggest challenge during the reintroduction of captive giant pandas into the wild is their ability to adapt to the natural environment, and the role of gut microbiota in this process remains unknown. Here, the gut microbiota was analyzed and categorized into training, exploration (1-3 months post-release) and stable period (4-6 months post-release) by activity intensity of released pandas. We found that the gut microbiota diversity of pandas was significantly higher during the stable period compared to the training period.

Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China.

Background: The potential occurrence of autoimmune- and pregnancy-related adverse events with the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) vaccine has previously not been assessed in the real-world setting in China.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective active post-marketing surveillance of the 4vHPV vaccine has been conducted among Chinese women aged 20-45 years between January 2018 and March 2021 in the Ningbo city. Incidences of seven pre-specified autoimmune diseases diagnosed within 6 months after the 4vHPV vaccination were calculated.

Solution-sheared supramolecular oligomers with enhanced thermal resistance in interfacial adhesion and bulk cohesion.

Developing strong, thermally resistant adhesives for load-bearing applications remains challenging. Here we report a class of solution-sheared supramolecular oligomers that exhibit exceptional adhesive strength and toughness across a broad temperature range. These adhesives achieve a debonding work up to 23.

Using CN Labeling Technology to Reveal the Fate of Maize Straw in Soil Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Matter under Different Exogenous Microorganism-Mediated Conditions.

Understanding the fate of maize straw in soil organic matter (SOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential for identifying key processes in plant residue (PRe) decomposition. This study quantified the distribution of maize straw-derived carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in SOM and DOM under different exogenous microorganisms using CN labeling. Treatments included fungi (, , and ), bacteria (), and combinations.

Impact of visceral adiposity index on cognitive impairment and cognitive trajectories in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Introduction: The association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults is not well understood. The "obesity paradox"-where obesity appears to be linked with better health outcomes-has also been observed. This study aims to clarify the association by using data from a nationally representative longitudinal survey.

Deciphering the Effects of Quenching on the Chemodiversity of Low- and Non-volatile Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Source Water Using ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS.

Quenching is essential for terminating chlorination and preserving halogenated disinfection byproducts (X-DBPs) in disinfected waters. However, the effects of quenchers on the chemodiversity and stability of low- and non-volatile X-DBPs are still poorly understood. Four quenchers─sodium sulfite (SS), sodium thiosulfate (STS), ascorbic acid (AA), and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB)─were employed to elucidate their influences on the non-targeted analysis of X-DBPs using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry under negative electrospray ionization mode (ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS).

A Clustered Adaptive Exposure Time Selection Methodology for HDR Structured Light 3D Reconstruction.

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been widely applied in industrial 3D measurement due to its high precision and non-contact advantages. However, FPP often encounters measurement problems with high-dynamic-range objects, consequently impacting phase computation. In this paper, an adaptive exposure time selection method is proposed to calculate the optimal number of exposures and exposure time by using an improved clustering method to divide the region with different reflection degrees.

Compact deep-groove-assisted bends on SiN platform for monolithic integrated laser.

To build a photonic integration platform that incorporates monolithically integrated light sources which require minimized loss and reflection, a micro-meter scale passive layer is needed in addition to the III-V layer. Low temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride (SiN) is a promising candidate, owing to its back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration capabilities, along with its amorphous structure that allows the growth of defect-free thick layers. In view of the III-V layer stack, the optimized SiN waveguides are thick and in a rib formation.

Interleukin-33 promotes lipolysis of adipocytes and protects male mice against obesity via activation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling.

Background: Targeting intracellular lipolysis represents a therapeutic potential for treating metabolic disorders such as obesity. Interleukin (IL)-33 has been shown to exert anti-obesity effects by reducing inflammation and restricting adipocyte hypertrophy.

Methods: In this study, male mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with IL-33 once every 2 days for 2 weeks.

Revealing switchable pulse dynamics in an all-fiber Mamyshev oscillator.

Ultrafast fiber lasers based on the passive mode-locking mechanism can sustain various single- or multiple-pulse dynamic phenomena. The Mamyshev oscillator (MO) demonstrates significant potential for generating high-performance optical pulses. However, investigations into pulse-switching dynamics in oscillators have received scant attention, particularly in chaotic pulsing regimes.

Mechanically Active Hydrogel for Healing Intestinal Fistulas through the YAP-Mediated Mechanosensitization of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Intestinal fistula is a serious condition characterized by abnormal connections between the intestine and surrounding tissues. Despite advances in comprehensive management of intestinal fistulas, patients often need to undergo definitive surgery and face life-threatening complications due to ineffective closure measures. Herein, a mechanically active hydrogel (GNGP) that actively constricts intestinal fistulas in response to body temperature is presented.

Composite transposons with bivalent histone marks function as RNA-dependent enhancers in cell fate regulation.

Discrete genomic units can recombine into composite transposons that transcribe and transpose as single units, but their regulation and function are not fully understood. We report that composite transposons harbor bivalent histone marks, with activating and repressive marks in distinct regions. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, using a reporter driven by the hominid-specific composite transposon SVA (SINE [short interspersed nuclear element]-VNTR [variable number of tandem repeats]-Alu) in human cells, identified diverse genes that modify bivalent histone marks to regulate SVA transcription.

On-chip deterministic arbitrary-phase-controlling.

The stable on-chip deterministic arbitrary-phase-controlling of signal light in micro/nanometer spatial scale is an extremely important basis for large-scale and high-density integrated photonic information processing chips. Conventional phase-controlling methods face with serious limitation of unavoidable crosstalk, length distortion, and fabrication error. To date, it is still a great challenge to achieve deterministic and wide-range on-chip arbitrary-phase-controlling.

Live birth following multimodal therapy in a patient with asherman's syndrome, recurrent pregnancy loss, and polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case report and literature review.

Background: Improving the endometrial thickness (EMT) and pregnancy outcomes in cases of thin endometrium (TE) induced by severe intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a significant clinical challenge. This report provides insight into a potential protocol for improving EMT and pregnancy outcomes in challenging cases of TE induced by IUA, especially for patients with concurrent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 29-year-old woman with severe IUA, RSA, and PCOS, who experienced three spontaneous abortions.

Effects of sarcopenic obesity on depressive symptoms and their trajectories: findings from the CHARLS 2011-2020.

Purpose: Sarcopenia and obesity are recognized factors associated with the onset of depression. Our study aims to clarify the specific impact of sarcopenic obesity on depression development and the longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms.

Methods: Data from the 2011-2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were utilized, including 8532 participants aged ≥ 45 years.

Exploring the nucleus accumbens circuit and oxytocin therapy in a Sapap3 knockout mouse model of trichotillomania.

Trichotillomania (TTM), an understudied psychiatric disorder, was investigated using Sapap3 knockout (KO) mice to elucidate nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuit dysfunction and oxytocin's therapeutic potential. Under aversive conditions, KO mice exhibited TTM-like behavioral phenotypes compared to wild-type (WT) controls: elevated anxiety-like behavior (reduced total distance 33328.45 ± 6703.