Compound heterozygous DMC1 variants cause non-obstructive azoospermia by defective replication protein A replacement.

Research Question: How does a compound heterozygous DMC1 variant, a meiosis-specific recombinase, affect homologous search and chain invasion during spermatocyte meiosis in a patient with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)?

Design: A patient with a compound heterozygous DMC1 variant associated with NOA was identified. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to study the effect of this variant. Standard histological analysis and immunofluorescence staining investigated the patient's spermatogenic arrest.

Solution-sheared supramolecular oligomers with enhanced thermal resistance in interfacial adhesion and bulk cohesion.

Developing strong, thermally resistant adhesives for load-bearing applications remains challenging. Here we report a class of solution-sheared supramolecular oligomers that exhibit exceptional adhesive strength and toughness across a broad temperature range. These adhesives achieve a debonding work up to 23.

Nonlinear relationship between digital and intelligent transformation and energy conservation and emission reduction in China.

The manufacturing industry's continuous digital intelligence transformation has triggered an extensive discussion on the environmental impact. In order to further explore this relationship, the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021 is used in this analysis, the index system of digital intelligent transformation of manufacturing industry is constructed from two aspects of digitalization and intelligence of manufacturing industry, and the principal component analysis method is used to calculate. The two-way fixed effect model is used to analyze its impact on energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Linking Electron Cloud Potential Wells to Achieve Ultrahigh Output Current in a Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

With the development of the Internet of Things and intelligent robots, there is an increasing demand for distributed flexible sensor networks and portable power devices. As a self-powered sensor and micro/nano powering supplier, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that can convert the irregular and ubiquitous mechanical energy into electrical energy demonstrates promising applications in human-machine interaction, soft robotics, wearable healthcare, etc. However, achieving ultrahigh current density and water resistance in TENGs remains challenging, mainly due to the non-utilization of the electrons in the interior of triboelectric layers.

Glycosylation of canine tetherin is essential for its antiviral activity against H3N2 canine influenza virus.

Tetherin is an interferon-induced-expressing transmembrane protein that utilizes a unique topology to restrict the release of enveloped viruses from the surface of the cell membrane. N-linked glycosylation plays an important role in protein post-translational modifications. To investigate the role of glycosylation in the antiviral activity of canine tetherin, its potential glycosylation sites were predicted and mutated, and the effects of glycosylation site mutations or treatment with a glycosylation inhibitor on the ability of canine tetherin to restrict H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) replication were examined.

Shared Nitrogen in M-N-C Single-Atom Electrocatalysts Unlocks Langmuir-Hinshelwood Mechanism for CO-to-Formaldehyde Conversion.

Nitrogen atoms coordinated with metals in metal-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalysts (M-N-C SACs) are generally considered inert, rendering the isolated metal centers ineffective in converting CO to higher-order products beyond CO. Here, combining the grand-canonical density functional theory with the constrained molecular dynamics simulations, we show that in contrast to the conventional wisdom, the shared nitrogen in M-N-C SACs (i.e.

Synchronous nanowire-assisted electroporation and peracetic acid oxidation to inhibit VBNC cells formation: Reversible electroporation pores reinforce permeation of peracetic acid for cellular destruction.

The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria may dramatically underestimate microorganic risks in drinking water. Herein, peracetic acid (PAA) oxidation, a green and potent disinfection method, was combined with a physical nanowire-assisted electroporation (EP) to develop the synchronous EP/PAA approach, aiming to reinforce bacterial inactivation via facilitating PAA permeation from EP-induced pores for oxidative damage of cell structures. The locally enhanced electric field near nanowire tips at a low voltage of 1.

PPP6R3-mediated dephosphorylation regulates mRNA translation during spermatogonial differentiation.

Protein dephosphorylation mediated by phosphatases regulates spermatogenesis. However, which proteins are dephosphorylated and how they regulate spermatogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we show that germline-specific deletion of protein phosphatase 6 regulatory subunit 3 (PPP6R3), which determines substrate specificity of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), causes abnormal spermatogonial differentiation and male infertility, accompanied by translation inhibition.

Osteoblast-CD4 CTL Crosstalk Mediated by SIRT1/DAAM2 Axis Prevents Age-Related Bone Loss.

The dynamic production and clearance of senescent osteoblasts affects bone homeostasis and health. However, the relationship between senescent osteoblasts and the immune system remains unclear. Here, a landscape of the interaction between immune cells and osteoblasts through spatial analysis of the bone microenvironment is presented.

Enabling an ultraefficient lithium-selective construction through electric field-assisted ion control.

Membranes with precise ion transport behaviors are regarded as an alternative for lithium (Li) extraction from water streams. Current membranes demonstrate limited viability due to the lack of efficient Li-selective architectures. We propose an electric field-assisted ion control hypothesis in reinforcing ultraefficient Li-selective membranes, in which an ionized zeolitic imidazolate framework layer (Q-PEI@ZIF) is constructed via polyethylenimine (PEI) in situ confinement conversion and subsequent quaternization of 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.

Acetylation of microtubule-binding PinX1 orchestrates ribosome biogenesis to nutrient starvation via the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex.

The shutdown of ribosome biogenesis is one of the sophisticated strategies for cells to save energy in response to nutrient starvation. However, the mechanism orchestrating ribosome biogenesis with cellular nutrition status remains unclear. Here, we identified the role of PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PinX1) in regulating ribosome biogenesis.

Supramolecular nanocrystalline membranes with well-aligned subnanochannels for enhanced reverse osmosis desalination.

Thin-film composite membranes are integral to the reverse osmosis (RO) process, effectively converting seawater and brackish water into potable water. While significant strides have been made in improving water permeability and salt rejection, there has been a corresponding lag in enhancing chlorine resistance and boron rejection. This study presents a suprasmolecular nanocrystalline membrane (SNM) with abundant subnanometer channels created through precisely assembled and well-oriented tetra-oligomer chains, enhanced by interfacial hydrogen bonding under nanoconfined space.

Host cellular protein RAB33B facilitates influenza viral replication and modulates M2 trafficking by enhancing autophagy.

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major global health threat. Its M2 protein plays crucial roles in viral fusion, transportation, assembly, and release. Recent studies have shown that IAV impairs host autophagy flux to enhance viral replication.

Water calorimetry-based determination of absorbed dose to water and beam quality correction factors for ten ionization chambers in scanned proton beams.

To experimentally determine beam quality correction factors () for six cylindrical and four parallel-plate ionization chambers (ICs) in both spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) and single-layer proton beam configurations.Water calorimetry was implemented to establish absorbed dose to water () at 10 g cmdepth for SOBP and single-layer proton beams. IC measurements were performed under identical geometrical conditions as calorimetric measurements, with the exception of water temperature control in the phantom.

Microbial-Mediated Soil Nutrient Enhancement in Moso Bamboo- vs. Mixed Plantings.

This study investigated how Moso bamboo ()-broadleaf mixed forests influence soil properties and microbial communities to support ecological function and sustainable bamboo forest management. Three forest types were examined: pure Moso bamboo stands (MB) and mixed stands with (LB) or (PB). Soil chemical properties, microbial diversity, and community composition were assessed using high-throughput sequencing, and functional taxa were correlated with soil nutrients.

Insights From Amniotic and Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Healing.

Skin repair is a complex physiological process that involves the coordinated actions of various cell types. This study examines the distinct roles of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in skin healing using a mouse model. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression between A-MSCs and UC-MSCs.

Efficient Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Gold Nanoparticles.

Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites offer enhanced stability compared to conventional 3D analogs, but their applications in photovoltaics are hindered by low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The limited PCEs primarily originate from low short-circuit current density (), caused by insufficient optical absorption, inefficient exciton dissociation and poor charge transport. Here, we find that the PCEs of quasi-2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be significantly enhanced by incorporating gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into quasi-2D perovskite layers.

Benzotriazole and Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Synergistically Promote the Selectivity of Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper toward C Products.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CORR) to valuable chemicals offers a promising solution to mitigate CO emissions and address the energy crisis. Surface modification of the catalyst surface with small molecules or polymers could modulate the product selectivity of the CORR. If a properly chosen polymer and molecule were combined together, a significant improvement in the CORR might be realized.

Electroacupuncture combined with HDAC1 inhibitor suppress tumor growth via improving the recruitment of intratumor CD8 T cells for triple-negative breast cancer in mice.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, primarily due to limited treatment options stemming from immune evasion mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of peritumoral electroacupuncture (EA) in inhibiting tumor growth in TNBC, particularly focusing on the immune mechanisms related to CD8+ T cell recruitment and the involvement of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). By constructing TNBC model in mice, we observed that EA not only inhibited tumor growth but also increased the presence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells and CCL5.

Identification of the functional domains of canine tetherin in antiviral activity against canine influenza virus.

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes fever, coughing, and sneezing in dogs and is continuously circulating in canine populations. Tetherin is an antiviral host restriction factor mediated by interferon, capable of inhibiting the release of enveloped viruses from infected cells. The antiviral mechanism of tetherin is mainly due to its unusual topology, which includes a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail (CT), a transmembrane (TM) domain, a coiled-coil extra-cellular region (CC), and a C-terminal glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI).

Glucose restriction induces degeneration of neurons with mitochondrial DNA depletion by altering ER-mitochondria calcium transfer.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and/or depletion are implicated in epilepsy and many neurodegenerative diseases. However, systematic investigation into how mtDNA alterations relate to epilepsy and neural degeneration is needed. Here, we established a mouse model in which mtDNA depletion is induced by the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) protein UL12.

RNA multi-omics in single cells reveal rhythmical RNA reshaping during human and mouse oocyte maturation.

Background: Omics technologies are widely applied in assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as embryo selection, investigation of infertility causes, and mechanisms underlying reproductive cell development. While RNAomics has shown great potential in investigating the physiology and pathology in female reproductive system, its applications are still not fully developed. More studies on epitranscriptomic regulation mechanisms and novel sequencing methods are needed to advance the field.

Promoting the Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Catalyzed Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with the Coadsorption of Melamine.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CORR) is a promising strategy for mitigating global warming and producing value-added products simultaneously. Molecular catalysts, such as cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), are known to be effective in converting carbon dioxide (CO) to carbon monoxide (CO). However, it is still challenging to improve the reaction rate and selectivity of this conversion.

Regulating orbital interaction to construct quasi-covalent bond networks in Pt intermetallic alloys for high-performance fuel cells.

The long-standing challenges facing Pt-based alloy catalysts in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are rapid oxidation and loss of transition metal/Pt in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, we report a concept of "covalentization" in intermetallic L1-PtMM' (M = Fe, Co, Ni and M' = one of the 4-period elements (from Ti to Ge)) alloys to enhance their electrochemical stability. Specifically, the formation of a quasi-covalent bond network in L1-PtMM' due to the less occupied antibonding states induced by high d-band positions of M' elements (e.

Improving the Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles in Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid via the Surface Grafting of Thiol or Thiophenol Molecules.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of organic molecules, in particular the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), is crucial for applications such as direct liquid fuel cells. As one of the effective catalysts, platinum (Pt) has been widely used as the electrocatalyst for these reactions in the laboratory; however, its utilization in practical FAOR is still limited due to insufficient activity. This study introduces a simple and rapid molecular modification method to improve the FAOR performance of Pt by chemically adsorbing thiol or thiophenol molecules.