Oral Immunization with Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing TM1 of Mycoplasma gallisepticum induces Unique Specific Antibodies and Protective Immunity.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the main pathogens causing chronic respiratory diseases in chickens, which seriously affects the sustainable and healthy development of the poultry industry and leading to heavy economic losses. Therefore, we developed a safe, efficient, convenient, and low-cost MG oral vaccine. The vaccine is based on a recombinant yeast surface display system to compensate for the shortcomings of existing vaccines.

Connexin43 and Its Regulation of Astrocyte Gap Junction Function: Influencing Depression Progression by Mediating Electrical and Chemical Signals.

Background: Depression is a common mental illness with a high relapse rate, which has a serious negative impact on national economic development and happiness. At present, the pathogenesis of depression is still unclear, and there are inevitable limitations in first-line clinical treatment. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the pathological mechanism of depression for the development of safe and effective antidepressants.

Highly efficient stabilization of arsenic in the contaminated sediments of Jiehe River by schwertmannite to inhibit arsenic release into overlying water.

Arsenic (As) represents the most typical associated element in gold mines, with As pollution frequently observed in regions of intensive gold mining activities, especially in Zhaoyuan City, renowned as the "Gold Capital" of China. In this study, schwertmannite (Sch), an iron oxyhydroxysulfate mineral with unique channel structure renowned for its As adsorption and stabilization capabilities in aqueous and soil systems, was synthesized and applied to evaluate its efficacy in stabilizing As for gold mining-impacted sediments. Besides, the functional mechanisms of Sch in mediating the redistribution and persistent immobilization of As in the sediments of Jiehe River in Zhaoyuan city were also explored.

Molecular mechanisms of ammonia nitrogen tolerance in sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus).

Ammonia nitrogen is a major pollutant in aquatic environments, affecting the growth and physiological functions of aquatic animals. This study focused on the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus as the research subject, and conducted a series of experiments to evaluate its tolerance to ammonia nitrogen. Enzyme activity in the body wall was measured to assess changes in growth and physiological functions.

Observation of triplet-assisted long-distance charge-transfer exciton transport in single organic cocrystal.

Charge-transfer (CT) states with long transport distances are highly desired for promoting the performance of organic optoelectronic devices in photoconversion and electroluminescence. However, due to the limited lifetime and small diffusivity, only nanoscale CT transport has been observed so far. Herein, taking a binary CT cocrystal (trans-1,2-diphenylethylene-1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene, named as T-T) with efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) as a model material, we report the direct observation of long-distance CT exciton transport by using modified time-resolved and photoluminescence-scanned imaging microscopy, which reveals a triplet-assisted CT transport mechanism.

Nesting and Foraging Preferences of Four Sympatric Species of Cavity-Nesting Leafcutting Bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).

Megachilidae are crucial pollinators of cultivated and wild vegetation, playing a vital role in ecosystem pollination services, however, there is still a lack of information regarding the ecology and behavior of these species. This study aims to analyze the nesting ecology strategies of four sympatric species of leafcutting bees and their interactions with pollen source plants. Data were collected from April to October from 2019 to 2022 in the Jiyuan section of the Taihang Mountain National Nature Reserve (approximately 35°10'-35°25' N, 111°55'-112°10' E) using trap nest methods.

Lignin-Derived Methoxyterephthalates for Performance-Advantaged Polymers and Plasticizers.

Lignin-derived aromatic carboxylic acids can be produced from oxidative catalytic processes and are promising building blocks for performance-advantaged bioproducts that leverage their inherent heteroatom functionalities. Here, we synthesize 2-methoxyterephthalate and 2,6-dimethoxyterephthalate derivatives by electrochemical carboxylation of guaiacyl- and syringyl-derived lignin monomers obtained from the oxidative deconstruction of lignin. These methoxylated terephthalates are evaluated as co-monomers in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and as plasticizers that could replace petrochemically-derived isophthalate and phthalate, respectively.

[Septin9 promotes viral replication by interacting with Ebola virus VP35 to regulate inclusion body formation].

The Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the Filoviridae family, is a highly pathogenic agent responsible for severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing its replication is critical for developing effective antiviral strategies. VP35-TurboID immunosuppression coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry identified Septin9, the host GTP-binding protein which played a role in cytoskeletal regulation, as a novel interactor of VP35.

Value of circulating free DNA methylation in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Liquid biopsy using circulating biomarkers has shown growing potential in cancer detection. The aim of the present study was to assess the application value of detecting the methylation level of circulating free (cf)DNA in the identification and diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC), to lay a scientific foundation for its clinical application, and to provide statistically significant references for the detection process. A total of two researchers independently performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus databases to identify all relevant studies on cfDNA in EC diagnosis as of July 25, 2024.

Obesity Predicts Longer Operative Time and Worse Functional Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty Under Enhanced Recovery Protocols in Asian Patients.

Background Obesity is a growing global health concern that poses challenges to optimizing outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to improve perioperative recovery, it remains unclear whether they sufficiently mitigate the adverse impact of obesity, particularly in Asian populations with differing body composition and recovery patterns. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary academic center involving patients who underwent primary TKA under a standardized ERAS protocol between January 2020 and December 2021.

Ruxolitinib alleviated muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia by inhibiting IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in mice.

Objectives: Ruxolitinib (Rux), an oral Janus tyrosine Kinase (JAK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to mitigate denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we checked the potential efficacy of Rux on cancer cachexia and tried to clarified its mechanisms.

Methods: The in vitro cell models of C26 or LLC CM-induced C2C12 myotubes were used to check the influence of Rux on myotube atrophy.

Combined inhibition of dopamine D1/D2 receptors induces cognitive and emotional dysfunction through oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron damage.

Introduction: Dopamine system dysfunction is closely associated with nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorder. Current research is limited to the individual application of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-related agents, and the systematic effects of combined dopamine D1/D2 receptor inhibition on neural function remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of co-DR1/2I (combined administration of dopamine receptor 1 inhibitor SCH39166 and dopamine receptor 2 inhibitor raclopride) on oxidative stress, learning, memory, emotion, and motor function in the substantia nigra, striatum, and hippocampus of mice.

Proteomic subtypes enrich current acute myeloid leukemia nomenclature and reflect intrinsic pathogenesis alongside aging.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy that increasingly affects the elderly population, with its post-transcriptional landscape remaining largely elusive. Establishing a stable proteomics-based classification system and systematically screening age-related proteins and regulatory networks are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis and outcomes of AML. In this study, we leveraged a multi-omics cohort of 374 newly diagnosed AML patients, integrating proteome, phosphoproteome, genome, transcriptome, and drug screening data.

Structural characterization of chelator-soluble and alkali-soluble pectins: Implications for juice quality.

Pectin is a critical structural component in fruit juices, influencing various juice quality attributes. The current study investigates the chelator-soluble pectin (CSP) and alkali-soluble pectin (ASP) extracted from different juices and their relation to juice quality. This study also explored the impact of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on the structural characteristics of CSP and ASP.

[Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Net Carbon Sink in Rice Production in Hunan Province: An Externality Perspective].

The environmental impact of rice production has predominantly been studied in terms of ecosystem service functions and non-point source pollution, with limited research addressing net carbon sinks through the lens of externalities. Assessing this dimension is crucial for facilitating the ecological transition of rice production and achieving the "dual carbon goals." Utilizing panel data from 14 prefecture-level cities in Hunan Province spanning 2000 to 2021, this study employs standard deviation ellipse and trend surface analysis to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of net carbon sinks in rice production.

GNNDRP: Graph Neural Network With Multi-Task Learning for Drug Response Prediction.

Using computational methods to personalize drug response prediction holds great promise to improve cancer therapy. Most existing methods use either biochemical information or response-related networks to predict drug response, nevertheless, the information they considered is not comprehensive. In this study, we present a novel end-to-end deep learning-based method Graph Neural Network with multi-task learning for Drug Response Prediction (GNNDRP).

DFusMol: predicting molecular properties based on dual-channel attention.

Accurate molecular property prediction is fundamental to modern drug discovery and materials design. However, prevailing computational methods are often insufficient, as they rely on single-granularity structural representations that fail to capture the hierarchical complexity of molecular systems. To address this challenge, we propose a new approach to molecular representation learning that incorporates structural information across multiple scales.

Restoration of X-ray backscatter images under low exposure time based on deep learning.

Lobster-eye lenses are suitable for staring hard X-ray backscattering imaging, but achieving clear imaging typically requires a long exposure time. This study establishes a noise model for imaging under low-exposure conditions, investigates the causes of image degradation, and develops a method combining variance-stabilizing transformation and convolutional neural networks to simplify the noise model and achieve denoising. The proposed method uses paired low-exposure data for training without the need for ground-truth images.

Deep-learning-based model for the inverse design of a reconfigurable multi-tap optical filter.

Integrated and reconfigurable optical filters have been widely used in modern communication and signal processing systems, and the inverse design of them remains an important problem. In this study, we introduce an anti-non-uniqueness deep learning network for the inverse design of a multi-tap reconfigurable optical filter. By employing eight optical switches configuration between cross and bar status, the integrated tunable optical delay line can act as a reconfigurable multi-tap optical filter with at most 256 taps.

pseudo-GhFAD2-1 Is a lncRNA Involved in Regulating Cottonseed Oleic and Linoleic Acid Ratios and Seed Size in Gossypium hirsutum.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as transcripts > 200 nt without protein-coding capacity, play crucial regulatory roles in plant growth and development. While numerous lncRNAs exist in plants including cotton (Gossypium spp.), few are functionally characterised.

Effect of arginine supplementation on liver and pectoral muscle: Tissue-specific lipid metabolism in broilers.

Abdominal fat (AF) and intramuscular fat (IMF) are key carcass traits in broilers but managing both is challenging due to their contrasting effects. Arginine (Arg) supplementation has potential effect in lipid metabolism, however its tissue specific effect remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the tissue specific effect of Arg supplementation on growth performance and fat metabolism in both liver and pectoral muscle in broilers.

Disordered Cu Sites in Amorphous CuTe Nanosheets Promote Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semi-hydrogenation.

Electrocatalytic acetylene semi-hydrogenation offers a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic methods, yet remains challenged by competing side reactions, including hydrogen evolution, over-hydrogenation, and carbon-carbon coupling. Here, the transformation of 2D van der Waals crystalline CuTe nanosheets (c-CuTe NSs) into oxygen-doped amorphous analogues (a-CuTe NSs) via controlled air calcination is reported. The resulting a-CuTe NSs feature a disordered Cu coordination network and deliver an ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 91.

Application of a Pseudomonas strain mitigates the combined stresses of phenolic acids and salt in soil-grown cucumber.

As both phenolic acids and salt accumulate in greenhouse soil, soil-grown plants in greenhouses are exposed to both phenolic acid and salt stresses. However, no method for mitigating these combined stresses has been reported for soil-grown plants. In this study, we examined whether bacterial inoculation could alleviate the combined stresses of phenolic acids and salt and facilitate plant productivity in greenhouse.

Regulated programmed cell death in acute lung injury: from pathogenesis to therapy.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common, life-threatening lung disease with a high mortality rate, primarily associated with acute and severe inflammation of the lungs. There are many factors that lead to ALI, and abnormally advanced regulated programmed cell death (RCD) is considered to be an important process in the pathological process of ALI. Various forms of RCD have been discovered in recent years, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.

AccFG: Accurate Functional Group Extraction and Molecular Structure Comparison.

Functional groups are specific molecular patterns that influence a molecule's chemical and physical properties. Identifying them is crucial for understanding the structure-activity relationships. Currently, accurately extracting functional groups from complex molecular structures remains a challenge.