An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

A deep learning system for detecting systemic lupus erythematosus from retinal images.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a serious autoimmune disorder predominantly affecting women. However, screening for SLE and related complications poses significant challenges globally, due to complex diagnostic criteria and public unawareness. Since SLE-related retinal involvement could provide insights into disease activity and severity, we develop a deep learning system (DeepSLE) to detect SLE and its retinal and kidney complications from retinal images.

Myopia and high myopia trends in Chinese children and adolescents over 25 years: a nationwide study with projections to 2050.

Background: The global rise in myopia, particularly in Asia, presents significant public health challenges. Analyzing trends and forecasting impacts are critical for developing strategies to mitigate this burden.

Methods: We conducted the largest study to date on myopia and high myopia prevalence in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, analyzing data from 5,095,256 individuals across 119 studies from 1998 to 2022.

A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk.

Current brain imaging to detect silent brain infarctions (SBIs) is not feasible for the general population. Here, to overcome this challenge, we developed a retinal image-based deep learning system, DeepRETStroke, to detect SBI and refine stroke risk. We use 895,640 retinal photographs to pretrain the DeepRETStroke system, which encodes a domain-specific foundation model for representing eye-brain connections.

Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study.

Background: Improving the accessibility of screening diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and differentiating isolated diabetic nephropathy from non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) are two major challenges in the field of diabetes care. We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning system to detect DKD and isolated diabetic nephropathy from retinal fundus images.

Methods: In this population-based study, we developed a retinal image-based AI-deep learning system, DeepDKD, pretrained using 734 084 retinal fundus images.

The role of ion channels in the regulation of dendritic cell function.

Ion channels, membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of various inorganic ions across hydrophobic cellular lipid membranes, are ubiquitous in a wide variety of cell and tissue types. They are involved in establishing the cell membrane potential and play a role in various physiological activities by regulating ion concentrations within the cell. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialised antigen-presenting cells found mainly on the surface of the body (skin and mucous membranes), in the mesenchyme of most organs, in the T-cell compartment of the spleen and in lymph nodes.

Effect of Ultra-High-Pressure Synergistic Different Drying Methods on Storage Quality of Cistanche deserticola.

Post-harvest enzymatic browning in Cistanche deserticola (C. deserticola), widely used in China for food and medicine, degrades its bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the effects of ultra-high-pressure (UHP) pretreatment combined with different drying methods on phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) retention and assess the impact of packaging materials on storage quality and shelf life.

The evolution of diabetic retinopathy screening.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness and has emerged as a global health challenge, necessitating the development of robust management strategies. As DR prevalence continues to rise, advancements in screening methods have become increasingly critical for timely detection and intervention. This review examines three key advancements in DR screening: a shift from specialist to generalist approach, the adoption of telemedicine strategies for expanded access and enhanced efficiency, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI).

A Competition for the Diagnosis of Myopic Maculopathy by Artificial Intelligence Algorithms.

Importance: Myopic maculopathy (MM) is a major cause of vision impairment globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for detecting MM from fundus images could potentially improve diagnosis and assist screening in a variety of health care settings.

Objectives: To evaluate DL algorithms for MM classification and segmentation and compare their performance with that of ophthalmologists.

Construction of a nomogram with IrAE and clinic character to predict the survival of advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a survival prediction model and nomogram to predict survival in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma undergoing treatment with anti-programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1). This model incorporates immune-related adverse events (irAEs) alongside common clinical characteristics as predictive factors.

Method: A dataset comprising 255 adult patients diagnosed with advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma was assembled.

Crizotinib loaded polydopamine-polylactide-TPGS nanoparticles in targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

To evaluate the effect and safety of crizotinib loaded polydopamine-polylactide-TPGS nanoparticles (CZT/pD-PT NPs) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CZT/pD-PT NPs were synthesized and characterized, and their effects on PC-9 cell viability and apoptosis were determined. In vivo experiment was further performed to evaluate the anti-NSCLC efficacy of CZT/pD-PT NPs.

Origin of Excellent Charge Storage Properties of Defective Tin Disulphide in Magnesium/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are excellent electrochemical energy sources, albeit with existing challenges, including high costs and safety concerns. Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are one of the potential alternatives. However, the performance of MIBs is poor due to their sluggish solid-state Mg diffusion kinetics and severe electrode polarizability.

Improvement of O/W emulsion performance by adjusting the interaction between gelatin and bacterial cellulose nanofibrils.

This study was designed to improve the stability of medium internal phase emulsion by adjusting the electrostatic interaction between gelatin (GLT) and TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (TOBC). The influences of polysaccharide-protein ratio (1:10, 1:5, and 1:2.5) and pH (3.

Multicenter assessment of shotgun metagenomics for pathogen detection.

Background: Shotgun metagenomics has been used clinically for diagnosing infectious diseases. However, most technical assessments have been limited to individual sets of reference standards, experimental workflows, and laboratories.

Methods: A reference panel and performance metrics were designed and used to examine the performance of shotgun metagenomics at 17 laboratories in a coordinated collaborative study.

Tannin foam immobilized with ferric ions for efficient removal of ciprofloxacin at low concentrations.

The presence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in natural water may cause potential threats to the environment. Adsorption is a convenient and efficient method to remove CIP from aqueous solution. Bayberry tannin (BT), a natural polyphenol, has been utilized in the synthesis of tannin foam (TF) due to its abundant polyphenolic hydroxyls to chelate with metal ions.

Blood Pressure Variability during Angiography in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Intracranial Artery Stenosis.

Our aim was to investigate factors predicting blood pressure (BP) variability during diagnostic cerebral angiography and associations between BP variability and clinical outcomes in patients with acute and subacute ischemic stroke and intracranial artery stenosis. 114 patients with ischemic stroke and intracranial artery stenosis (stenosis rate >50%) were recruited. Patients who underwent cerebral angiography within 3 days and 3-14 days of disease onset are referred to be Group A and Group S, respectively.

Oleogel Films Through the Pickering Effect of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibrils Featuring Interfacial Network Stabilization.

As bio-based food packaging materials promise a more sustainable future, this work fabricated edible oleofilms by casting beeswax-in-water Pickering emulsions, which were formed by the physical hybrid particles of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCNFs) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) (BC/CCS). The emulsion droplet size was varied from 4 to 9 μm, and the emulsion index (EI) was all up to 100%. The obtained emulsions exhibited excellent long-term stability, and there was no change in the EI (100%) after the storage of the emulsion for 3 months.

Stabilising Cobalt Sulphide Nanocapsules with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage.

Unlabelled: Cobalt sulphide nanoparticles are encapsulated in nitrogen-rich carbon cages via a simple and scalable method. Insight into sodium storage mechanism is systematically studied via in situ TEM and XRD techniques. The sodium-ion capacitor device achieved high energy densities of 101.

Lack of Correlation Between Intracranial Carotid Artery Modified Woodcock Calcification Score and Prognosis of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Thrombolysis.

There have been few studies about the association between intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to analyze the association between ICAC and prognosis (including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), functional outcome and death) of AIS patients treated with IVT. In this retrospective study, we consecutively included 232 AIS patients treated with IVT between April 2012 and December 2018.

DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies Differentially Methylated Sites Associated with Early-Onset Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis.

Aim: Studies have suggested that genetic and environmental factors do not account for all risks and mechanisms of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). DNA methylation may play a role in the progression of ICAS.

Methods: DNA methylation profiles of peripheral blood leucocytes from 7 patients with early-onset ICAS and 7 perfectly matched controls were interrogated for the first time using the Illumina Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip.

Previous chronic symptomatic and asymptomatic cerebral hemorrhage in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Purpose: Identifying previous chronic cerebral hemorrhage (PCH), especially asymptomatic cases in patients with ischemic stroke, is essential for proper antithrombotic management. The study aimed to further clarify the prevalence of PCH and the associated factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke using multi-modal neuroimaging including susceptibility-weighted MR imaging (SWI).

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 382 patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Insight into resistance mechanism of anaplastic lymphoma kinase to alectinib and JH-VIII-157-02 caused by G1202R solvent front mutation.

Background: Mutated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) drives the development of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most reported small-molecule inhibitors targeting the ALK domain do not display good inhibition of the G1202R solvent front mutation. The solvent front mutation was assumed to hinder drug binding.

Rivaroxaban does not influence hemorrhagic transformation in a diabetes ischemic stroke and endovascular thrombectomy model.

Managing endovascular thrombectomy (ET) in diabetic ischemic stroke (IS) with novel anticoagulants is challenging due to putative risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. The study evaluates increased hemorrhagic transformation (HT) risk in Rivaroxaban-treated diabetic rats post ET. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin.