Association of Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids With POAG.

Purpose: To investigate the association between plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of POAG.

Methods: We conducted prospective cohort analyses among 254,157 participants of European descent in the UK Biobank cohort. Mendelian randomization analyses were further performed to assess the causal relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and POAG using publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics.

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

Jacques Daviel (1696-1762) and the Competition to Extract Cataracts: A Reappraisal.

Purpose: To analyze the timing and interactions among Jacques Daviel (1696-1762) and other Paris-based surgeons who pursued cataract extraction in the mid-18 century.

Methods: Historical books, newspapers, and manuscripts were reviewed.

Results: The claim of English oculist John Taylor that his visit to Daviel's hometown of Marseille in 1734 inspired Daviel to become an ophthalmologist is supported by contemporaneous evidence.

The tale of Nebenchari: Fictional story mistaken for historical fact.

The story of Nebenchari, an ancient Egyptian ophthalmologist, has been cited as an early reference to cataract surgery in ancient Egypt. However, a critical analysis of historical sources reveals no concrete evidence to support this account. Despite claims that Herodotus documented the tale, no such reference exists in his writings.

Controversies, Consensuses, and Guidelines on Preventing, Diagnosing and Managing Acute-onset Bacterial Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery by the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), and the Asia-Pacific Society of Ocular Inflammation and Infection (APSOII).

Post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis is a serious but largely preventable clinical entity. The implementation of uniform pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative protocols is essential to reduce its incidence. In light of emerging evidence and considerable variability in clinical practices, a panel of international experts from the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS), and the Asia-Pacific Society of Ocular Inflammation and Infection (APSOII) convened to develop evidence-based guidelines addressing all phases of cataract surgery.

Foveal actual defect (FAD): A novel OCT biomarker for prognosis and surgical decision support in idiopathic full-thickness macular hole.

Background: The current classification of idiopathic full thickness macular holes (IFTMH) based on the minimum linear diameter (MLD) parameter does not provide the surgeon with accurate prognostic information regarding the surgical outcome.

Purpose: To investigate whether the preoperative Foveal Actual Defect (FAD) can predict postoperative macular hole outcomes and could be a key point in new Decision Support System for IFTMHs surgery.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-seven eyes of fifty-three patients with iFTMH, who underwent 25-gauge PPV, ILM peeling and gas tamponade (GT) were recruited for this retrospective, consecutive case, interventional study.

Genetic Associations of Myopia and Axial Length with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the genetic associations of myopia and axial length (AL) with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables.

Comparative analysis of cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refraction techniques for assessing refractive error in adults: a population-based study.

Clinical Relevance: Accurate determination of refractive error is essential for optimal vision correction. However, the necessity of performing cyclo-refraction in adults remains a subject of ongoing ‎debate.‎.

Accuracy of ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Claude to Blepharoplasty-Related Questions.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of four large language models (LLMs)-ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Claude-in responding to upper eyelid blepharoplasty-related questions, focusing on medical accuracy, clinical relevance, response length, and readability.

Methods: A set of queries regarding upper eyelid blepharoplasty, covering six categories (anatomy, surgical procedure, additional intraoperative procedures, postoperative monitoring, follow-up, and postoperative complications) were posed to each LLM. An identical prompt establishing clinical context was provided before each question.

Multimodal artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: Applications, challenges, and future directions.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, multimodal AI that integrates multiple data modalities has shown tremendous potential in the field of ophthalmology. We systematically evaluate the current applications, technical characteristics, and clinical value of multimodal AI in ophthalmology. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines.

Prevalence of myopia in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 14 countries.

Background: Although myopia prevalence increased in East Asian countries, the burden of myopia in Europe is less known. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of myopia in Europe and at the country level.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify studies on myopia prevalence published until January 2024, regardless of language.

Exploring the Mechanisms Linking Depression and Glaucoma: A Cohort Study of UK Biobank.

Purpose: Depression and glaucoma are globally prevalent disorders with emerging evidence suggesting a potential inter-relation. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of their association and shared mechanisms.

Methods: We investigated the association between depression and glaucoma using data from 348,537 Caucasian patients in the UK Biobank, including 7544 with glaucoma and 22,153 with depression.

IMI-Instrumentation for Myopia Management.

The rising prevalence of myopia has underscored the importance of early diagnosis and effective management strategies to control its progression and to prevent complications. Advancements in instrumentation enable clinicians to provide individualized evidence-based care for patients. Instrumentation for myopia control encompasses a wide range of technologies designed to assess refractive error, biometric parameters, including axial length, accommodative responses, as well as detailed assessment of ocular health.

The role of correlated colour temperature in myopia development and prevention.

Identifying a balanced light environment that supports healthy ocular development is important. Correlated colour temperature (CCT, measured in Kelvin, K) of light sources, based on human visual perception, is believed to be associated with myopia, but its impact and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to review the literature and elucidate the potential relationship and biological mechanisms linking CCT and myopia.

Diabetic Retinopathy Assessment through Multitask Learning Approach on Heterogeneous Fundus Image Datasets.

Objective: To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system, Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis Model Assistant (DRAMA), for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR) across multisource heterogeneous datasets and aimed at improving the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Zhejiang University Eye Hospital and approved by the ethics committee.

Subjects: The study included 1500 retinal images from 957 participants aged 18 to 83 years.

Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Healthy Versus AMD Eyes Assessed by Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients compared with healthy eyes via ultrawide field optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT). Additionally, the retinal thicknesses in the central and peripheral zones of AMD patients and the control group were compared. We included 123 eyes from 83 participants with dry AMD, 123 from 87 participants with wet AMD, and 85 from 53 healthy controls.

Multinational Attitudes Toward AI in Health Care and Diagnostics Among Hospital Patients.

Importance: The successful implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care depends on its acceptance by key stakeholders, particularly patients, who are the primary beneficiaries of AI-driven outcomes.

Objectives: To survey hospital patients to investigate their trust, concerns, and preferences toward the use of AI in health care and diagnostics and to assess the sociodemographic factors associated with patient attitudes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study developed and implemented an anonymous quantitative survey between February 1 and November 1, 2023, using a nonprobability sample at 74 hospitals in 43 countries.

Validation of Binocular Vision and Ocular Surface Assessment Tools in Digital Eye Strain Syndrome: The DESIROUS Study.

: To understand if binocular vision disorders are associated with Digital Eye Strain Syndrome (DESS), a study protocol is needed to ensure consistency across observational studies. This study aims to test the feasibility of a protocol to assess DESS, screen time, binocular vision, and dry eye. DESIROUS is an observational cross-sectional study among Polytechnic students at the Lisbon School of Health Technology, Portugal.

Choroidal vascular characteristics in anisometropic amblyopia: a comparative analysis.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the choroidal characteristics in anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods: This prospective study included individuals with myopic (n = 20) and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia (n = 30), with their respective fellow eyes and age-matched control eyes. Total choroidal area (TCA), luminal choroidal area (LCA), stromal choroidal area, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated in the subfoveal region.

Effect of repeated Low-Level red light therapy on axial length in myopic individuals: predictors for a good response.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy on axial length (AL) in myopic individuals and to identify key predictors for a good response to the treatment, with a focus on baseline ocular characteristics and treatment compliance.

Methods: A total of 91 participants were enrolled, with 50 classified in the poor responders' group and 41 in the good responders' group. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, pupil constriction diameter (PCD), intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), AL, corneal curvature (ACC), and choroidal thickness (CT) were recorded.

Visual environmental risk factors in outdoor activities and near work and potential mechanisms.

Purpose: Myopia is highly prevalent among children and adolescents and results from abnormal refractive development. Less outdoor time as well as more near work have been recognised as major risk factors for myopia. This study analysed the major environmental factors related to myopia, such as outdoor activities and near work, and reviewed the potential mechanisms of myopia development.

Non-inferiority trials in clinical ophthalmology: a systematic review.

Purpose: To summarize the characteristics and methodology of non-inferiority trials in ophthalmology, aiding researchers in understanding the applications and limitations of such trials in ophthalmic diseases.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were searched for literature on non-inferiority randomized trials in ophthalmology published between 2000 and November 5 2023. Data on the basic characteristics were extracted and summarized.