Accuracy of ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Claude to Blepharoplasty-Related Questions.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of four large language models (LLMs)-ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Claude-in responding to upper eyelid blepharoplasty-related questions, focusing on medical accuracy, clinical relevance, response length, and readability.

Methods: A set of queries regarding upper eyelid blepharoplasty, covering six categories (anatomy, surgical procedure, additional intraoperative procedures, postoperative monitoring, follow-up, and postoperative complications) were posed to each LLM. An identical prompt establishing clinical context was provided before each question.

Exploring computerized tomography findings and ocular trauma score in open globe injuries: assessing imaging's predictive value.

Background: To investigate the relationship between computerized tomography (CT) findings and the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) in patients with open globe injury (OGI).

Methods: This study included 123 individuals with OGI, examining injury characteristics, clinical symptoms, and CT scans for scleral irregularity, reduced globe volume, dislocated crystalline lens, aberrant vitreous density, chorioretinal thickening, and foreign body/air presence. The prognostic value of CT imaging in OGI was evaluated by assessing its relationship with OTS findings.

Association Between Patent Ductus Arteriosus and the Development of Treatment-Requiring Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of childhood blindness, particularly among preterm infants. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly observed in neonates and may contribute to the development of ROP through increased oxygen delivery to the retina. However, the association between PDA and the severity of ROP remains unclear.

Comparative Analysis of Automated vs. Expert-Designed Machine Learning Models in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Detection and Classification.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of expert-designed machine learning models and code-free automated machine learning (AutoML) models in classifying optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and distinguishing between its dry and wet forms.

Materials And Methods: Custom models were developed by an artificial intelligence expert using the EfficientNet V2 architecture, while AutoML models were created by an ophthalmologist utilizing LobeAI with transfer learning via ResNet-50 V2. Both models were designed to differentiate normal OCT images from AMD and to also distinguish between dry and wet AMD.

Detection and classification of supraspinatus pathologies on shoulder magnetic resonance images using a code-free deep learning application.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a code free deep learning (CFDL) application in diagnosing supraspinatus tendon pathologies on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images.

Design: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with supraspinatus MRI showing partial or full-thickness tears and tendinosis, with patients having normal findings as the control group. MRI images were processed in the LobeAI application using transfer learning with ResNet-50 V2 for model development.

Choroidal vascular characteristics in anisometropic amblyopia: a comparative analysis.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the choroidal characteristics in anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods: This prospective study included individuals with myopic (n = 20) and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia (n = 30), with their respective fellow eyes and age-matched control eyes. Total choroidal area (TCA), luminal choroidal area (LCA), stromal choroidal area, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated in the subfoveal region.

Comparing Auto-Machine Learning and Expert-Designed Models in Diagnosing Vitreomacular Interface Disorders.

The vitreomacular interface (VMI) encompasses a group of retinal disorders that significantly impact vision, requiring accurate classification for effective management. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of an expert-designed custom deep learning (DL) model and a code free Auto Machine Learning (ML) model in classifying optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of VMI disorders. A balanced dataset of OCT images across five classes-normal, epiretinal membrane (ERM), idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), lamellar macular hole (LMH), and vitreomacular traction (VMT)-was used.

Prediction of retinopathy of prematurity development and treatment need with machine learning models.

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) models in predicting the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and treatment need.

Methods: Four ML models were created using 49 parameters known within the first 24 h post-birth and obtained during the initial screening examination, encompassing demographic, maternal, clinical, and neonatal intensive care unit-related data. The models' performances were assessed using five machine learning (ML) classifier algorithms: logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost).

Orbital inflammatory disease: a joint clinical experience in rheumatology and ophthalmology.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to characterize the clinical features, histopathological findings, and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with orbital inflammatory disease (OID) co-managed by the rheumatology and ophthalmology departments in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: Medical records of 14 patients with OID were analyzed. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, radiological imaging, histopathological results, treatment regimens, and disease outcomes were collected and reviewed.

Assessment of the content and quality of YouTube videos on retinopathy of prematurity: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos as an educational resource about retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: Videos were sourced from YouTube using the search terms "retinopathy of prematurity" and "premature retinopathy" with the default settings. Each video was assessed on the following metrics: views, likes, dislikes, comments, upload source, country of origin, view ratio, like ratio, and video power index.

Visual performance and quality of life in myopic adolescents with pupil-optimised multifocal versus single-vision contact lenses.

Clinical Relevance: Myopia control is a prominent area of global research, with multifocal contact lenses identified as an effective intervention for adolescents.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the visual performance and vision-related quality of life (QoL) of myopic adolescents when corrected with pupil-optimised multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs) versus single-vision contact lenses (SVCLs), with each participant serving as their own control.

Methods: Thirty-five myopic adolescents, habitually wearing SVCLs and fitted with pupil-optimised MFSCL with mid-addition power, were recruited.

Evaluating the reliability of the responses of large language models to keratoconus-related questions.

Clinical Relevance: Artificial intelligence has undergone a rapid evolution and large language models (LLMs) have become promising tools for healthcare, with the ability of providing human-like responses to questions. The capabilities of these tools in addressing questions related to keratoconus (KCN) have not been previously explored.

Background: In this study, the responses were evaluated from three LLMs - ChatGPT-4, Copilot, and Gemini - to common patient questions regarding KCN.

Evaluating the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on myopia: a video content analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos as an educational resource about myopia.

Methods: The videos were identified by searching YouTube with the keywords 'myopia' and 'nearsightedness', using the website's default search settings. The number of views, likes, dislikes, view ratio, source of the upload, country of origin, video type, and described treatment techniques were assessed.

Exploring the Role of ChatGPT-4, BingAI, and Gemini as Virtual Consultants to Educate Families about Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly important as they are being used more frequently for providing medical information. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of electronic artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT-4, BingAI, and Gemini in responding to patient inquiries about retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: The answers of LLMs for fifty real-life patient inquiries were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale by three ophthalmologists.

The Role of Optic Nerve Diffusion Restriction on Visual Prognosis in Methanol Poisoning.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of optic nerve diffusion status on cranio-orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting visual prognosis in cases of methanol intoxication. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) from 16 eyes of eight patients who were admitted to our clinic due to methanol intoxication was analysed retrospectively. The relationship between clinical and laboratory findings, treatment regimen, visual prognosis, and imaging findings was investigated.

Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits in a Patient With HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelet) Syndrome.

Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) are findings that can be observed in age-related macular degeneration as well as in ischemic ocular diseases. These deposits are believed to be of prognostic importance, as they have been shown to be associated with choroidal neovascularization. HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet) syndrome is a condition linked with severe preeclampsia, and it presents ocular findings such as hypertensive retinopathy, serous retinal detachment, and cortical visual impairment.

Central serous chorioretinopathy following oral quetiapine.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disease that is characterized by central vision loss and is usually seen in middle-aged males. It has been associated with the use of various drugs, including corticosteroids and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. We present the case of a 36-year-old male who developed CSCR after a few weeks of irregular use of quetiapine for his sleep problems.

Does Subretinal Fluid Optical Density Ratio Differ Among the Eyes with Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy,Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease and Choroidal Hemangioma: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic value of optical density ratio (ODR) in various diseases with subretinal fluid (SRF) due to different pathophysiologies.

Methods: Patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy, CSCR (n = 49), Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease, VKH (n = 34), and choroidal hemangioma (n = 17) characterized with SRF were included. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were analyzed using ImageJ by three independent readers.

Is the clinical course of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy associated with oxidative damage and the dynamics of the antioxidant response?

Purpose: Oxidative stress is known to be a decisive factor in the wide etiopathogenesis of optic neuropathy. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of optic neuropathy's clinical course with systemic oxidative damage and antioxidant response dynamics in a large series.

Methods: This case-controlled clinical study included 33 non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients and 32 healthy individuals.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits Resulting in Ophthalmology Consultations.

Introduction The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of eye-related emergency department (ED) visits resulting in ophthalmology consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare them against an equivalent period from the previous year. Methods In this study, we reviewed the charts of patients who were admitted to ED with ocular complaints between March 11th, 2020 (the date of the first COVID-positive case in our country) and March 11th, 2021 (Study period 1; SP1) and those who were admitted to ED within the equivalent period of the previous year (Study period 2; SP2). The frequency of eye-related cases, the urgency status of complaints, diagnosis, treatment applied, and hospitalization status of the patients were compared.

The short-term effects of intranasal steroids on intraocular pressure in pediatric population.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intranasal mometasone furoate (INMF) on short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) alterations in children with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods: Children diagnosed with AR and to whom INMF nasal spray had been firstly prescribed were enrolled. Cases with any ocular diseases except for refractive errors were excluded.

Accidentally diagnosed ocular abnormalities identified during close screening for retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To report the variety of ocular findings which have been identified serendipitously during the screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a tertiary referral center during seven-year period.

Methods: The charts of 1568 preterm infants who screened for ROP were reviewed retrospectively. Any ocular lesion except for ROP were noted.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Practice Patterns and Psychological Status of Ophthalmologists in Turkey.

Aim: To investigate the changes in ophthalmologists' working conditions and mental health status in Turkey during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak and reveal the relevant individual and workplace-related factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional, nationwide, the survey-based study collected data between June and September 2020. Demographic characteristics, working conditions, precautionary measures in the workplace, and participants' Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) ratings were investigated.

Early localized alterations of the retinal inner plexiform layer in association with visual field worsening in glaucoma patients.

Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve and a leading cause of irreversible blindness, worldwide. While the experimental research using animal models provides growing information about cellular and molecular processes, parallel analysis of the clinical presentation of glaucoma accelerates the translational progress towards improved understanding, treatment, and clinical testing of glaucoma. Optic nerve axon injury triggers early alterations of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) synapses with function deficits prior to manifest RGC loss in animal models of glaucoma.