Origin and return of lignin in agriculture and forestry: Realizing a closed-loop system for lignin biological activity utilization.

Lignin is a biologically active compound that exhibits notable antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV-resistant properties, thereby playing a crucial role in sustainable agroforestry systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of strategies aimed at augmenting the biological activity of lignin, with particular emphasis on its applications in regulating plant growth, controlling pests and diseases, and serving as feed additives. The antibacterial properties of lignin present a viable alternative to conventional copper-based pesticides, thereby diminishing the prevalence of plant pests and diseases while fostering ecological sustainability.

The effect of low-level toluene on working memory maintenance has its own neural network basis rather than the continuation of brain network alterations during encoding.

Working memory (WM) involves different neural network mechanisms that underlie the encoding of external stimuli and the active maintenance of non-external stimulus information. We have demonstrated that short-term exposure to 70-ppb toluene impairs the encoding network. However, its role in the maintenance network remains unclear.

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram incorporating automated collateral score and computed tomography perfusion parameters for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy.

Background: Prognostic evaluation of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remains challenging. Traditional computed tomography angiography (CTA) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) have limitations, whereas multiphase CTA (mCTA) allows for more accurate collateral circulation assessment. However, the predictive utility of automated collateral scoring remains underexplored.

Clinical value of CT enterography imaging features in predicting enteroscopy passage in Crohn's disease.

Rationale And Objective: Small bowel strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) can hinder enteroscopy, thereby limiting its diagnostic utility. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT enterography (CTE) imaging features can predict enteroscopy passage in CD patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 277CD patients who underwent both CTE and enteroscopy at two institutions between March 2021 and December 2024.

Potential function exploration of lncRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: insights from whole transcriptome sequencing data analysis.

Background: Research has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), but their specific functions and patterns of expression are still unclear.

Method: A diagnostic study was conducted by utilizing analysis techniques. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 12 IPF patients and 5 controls was used to study lncRNA functions in IPF.

Bacillus cereus GW-01 promotes Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis L.) growth by reducing β-Cypermethrin and regulating plant metabolism, phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities.

Beta-Cypermethrin (β-CY) is a widely used insecticide that negatively affects plant growth and contaminates crops. In this study, we investigated the ability of Bacillus cereus GW-01 to degrade β-CY and promote the growth of Pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.).

Unraveling the Structure-Antioxidant Property Relationship of Lignin: Insights from Botanical Sources and pH-Controlled Fractionation.

This study employs biomass source selection (hardwood, gramineae, softwood) and pH-controlled fractionation (pH 1, 7, 9) to analyze lignin structure and optimize antioxidant capacity. Acid-precipitated hardwood lignin exhibits higher antioxidant capacity (IC = 0.74 mg/mL, TEAC = 1.

Subtype identification of clinical and thrombus imaging features in acute ischemic stroke: using clustering analysis and principal component analysis.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presents significant heterogeneity in clinical and thrombus imaging characteristics, which can profoundly impact therapeutic decisions and outcomes. This study analyzed 520 AIS patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy, integrating clinical variables and thrombus imaging features to identify potential subtypes through unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis. Three distinct subtypes emerged: Cluster 1, characterized by middle cerebral artery occlusion, shorter thrombus lengths, and favorable outcomes; Cluster 2, comprising predominantly male smokers and drinkers with no significant outcome differences; and Cluster 3, consisting of older patients with higher stroke severity, internal carotid artery occlusion, longer thrombus lengths, and poor outcomes.

L-NAME improves the morphology and necrosis of skeletal muscle by activating PINK1-PARKIN mediated mitophagy in mdx mice.

Background: This study investigates mitophagy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, OMIM #310200), focusing on how nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition improves muscle tissue pathology by affecting mitophagy, which is implicated in muscle weakness due to dystrophin deficiency and may affect DMD-related cardiomyopathy and respiratory problems.

Methods: Histopathological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot were used to study the mitophagy status of the tibialis anterior muscle in mdx mice without treatment or mdx mice administered L-NAME (L-N-nitro arginine methylester), an inhibitor of NOS. For in vitro experiment, the effect of S-nitrosylation enzyme, N6022, on mitophagy in C2C12 cells was assessed using TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and Western blot.

Leaf economic strategies drive global variation in phosphorus stimulation of terrestrial plant production.

Plant biomass and its allocation are fundamental for understanding biospheric matter production. However, the impacts of atmospheric phosphorus (P) deposition on species-specific biomass and its allocation in global terrestrial plants remain unclear. By synthesizing 5548 observations of plant biomass and its allocation related to P addition worldwide, we find that P addition increases plant biomass by an average of 35% globally.

Effect and mechanism of PYCR1 on biological function of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxia.

Background: Pyrrole-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is a key enzyme involved in proline synthesis, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship and mechanism of PYCR1 on proline metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions.

Methods: GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological function and possible mechanism of PYCR1 in hypoxic microenvironments.

The role of plasma glucose in association of food-specific serum immunoglobulin G reactivity with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a real-world cross-sectional study.

Background: As the immune response product to food antigens, food-specific serum immunoglobulin G reactivity (FSsIgGR) has been reported the clinical relevance to metabolic disorders, but its connections to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remain underexplored, particularly within Chinese populations. Understanding this association could facilitate personal diet modification for MAFLD treatment. We investigated the association between FSsIgGR and MAFLD and the mediating roles of plasma glucose markers, specifically fasting blood glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Lignin-Based Therapeutics: Targeting Mitochondrial Pathways in Osteosarcoma.

Lignin is a natural product that holds significant potential in tumor treatment by inhibiting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often constrained by challenges such as inconsistent bioavailability, structural complexity, and potential side effects. To address these challenges, we developed a series of lignin derivatives incorporating bioactive intermediate structures to enhance their antitumor activity.

SHAP-Driven Feature Analysis Approach for Epileptic Seizure Prediction.

Predicting epileptic seizures presents a substantial difficulty in healthcare, with considerable implications for enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This paper presents an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) that integrates a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The approach facilitates precise and interpretable seizure prediction utilising electroencephalography (EEG) inputs.

Emerging role and potential of lignin in antibacterial hydrogel applications for wound healing: A review.

Bacterial infections remain a major public health concern, highlighting the need for effective antimicrobial materials, especially in wound care. Antimicrobial hydrogels have emerged as promising solutions due to their unique properties, such as high strength, injectability, biocompatibility, and the ability to control drug release. Recently, lignin, as an abundant and renewable biomass component, has shown great potential in biomedicine due to its unique bioactivity, good biocompatibility, and designable structure.

Comprehensive analysis of the critical role of the epithelial mesenchymal transition subtype - TAGLN-positive fibroblasts in colorectal cancer progression and immunosuppression.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis and immune suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific mechanisms of EMT and its relationship with the clinical prognosis and immunotherapy response in CRC patients remain unclear. In this study, we identified TAGLN-positive fibroblasts (TAGLN⁺Fib) as a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtype within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor metastasis and immune evasion.

Identification of VDAC1 as a mitochondria-related target of Duchenne muscular dystrophy based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-recognized pathological feature of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The potential regulatory role of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in DMD remains to be further explored.

Methods: GEO datasets and MRGs were used to analysis mitochondrial scores and evaluate patients' immunological characteristics.

Evaluation of the Iris Vessel Density for Primary Glaucoma Diagnosis Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the iris vessel density within a 15 mm × 12 mm area in primary glaucoma using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA).

Methods: The study involved 30 normal eyes and 31 eyes with primary glaucoma, comprising 15 with primary open-angle glaucoma and 16 with primary angle-closure glaucoma. OCT/OCTA images of the iris obtained were evaluated and a univariate logistic regression model was used to assess the correlation between the iris vessel density and primary glaucoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and clinically relevant performance metrics of different regions (superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal regions) were compared.

"Three-in-One" MIL@PDA-UiOL@AIEgens driven lateral flow immunosensor for multimodal detection of aflatoxin B.

The multi-modal lateral flow immunosensor (LFIS) with integrated advantages and mutual built-in calibration ability could avoid the limitations of traditional single-signal output mode to meet the growing demands for trace contaminants. In this study, an innovative "three-in-one" LFIS platform was developed for colorimetric, grayscale, and fluorescent detection of aflatoxin B (AFB). It integrated polydopamine (PDA)-coated ferric metal-organic framework (MOF) (MIL@PDA) and the functionalized zirconium MOF of a UiO linker enriched with abundant AIEgens (UiOL@AIEgens) as signal probes.

Quercetin Induces Apoptosis Through Downregulating P4HA2 and Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Quercetin is a natural product with multiple activities, which possesses a promising antitumor effect on malignancies. The involvement of proline 4-hydroxylase II (P4HA2) in collagen synthesis is crucial in the growth of tumor cells. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death requisite for the stability of the intracellular environment.

A review on the application of lignin-based carbon materials in supercapacitors: Fabrication of multi-dimensional morphologies and heteroatom doping.

Supercapacitors are essential components in renewable energy storage systems due to their remarkable power density, swift charging/discharging speeds, extended lifespan across cycles, and ability to function effectively under diverse temperature conditions. Lignin, the second most plentiful biomass resource in nature following cellulose, is renowned for its wide availability, cost-effectiveness, and a rich array of bioactive components. It can be abundantly sourced as a by-product of pulp and biomass refineries.

Unraveling four decades of soil acidification on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Patterns, drivers, and future projections.

Soil acidification poses escalating threats to ecosystem functions, yet its spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers across vulnerable high-altitude regions remain poorly resolved. Here, we integrate four-decade soil surveys (1980s-2020s) with machine learning to unravel acidification trajectories and future projections for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), a critical yet fragile alpine ecosystem. Our analyses reveal pronounced east-west divergence: persistent acidification dominates eastern alpine meadow grasslands (lower pH, negative ΔpH), constrasting with alkalization trends in western steppe grasslands (higher pH, positive ΔpH).

Elucidation of the relationship between lignin structure and its inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis.

In this work, milled wood lignin (MWL) was isolated from three distinct raw materials, including reed, poplar and pine. The research focused on investigating the adsorption of lignin onto cellulase and its subsequent impact on enzymatic hydrolysis. Analysis revealed that reed lignin consisted of three structural units: syringal (S), guaiacyl (G), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H), with a G/(G + S + H) molar ratio of 0.

Combining computational and experimental approaches: a novel pH-responsive PVA-stabilized MXene nanocarriers/doxorubicin delivery system with enhanced efficacy for targeted lung cancer therapeutics.

While advancements have been made in cancer treatment, achieving effective localized therapy remains a significant challenge. Major obstacles include the inefficiency of drug delivery methods and the side effects linked to traditional chemotherapeutics. In this study, we present an innovative delivery system designed to transport doxorubicin (DOX) directly to the lungs.

Digestive characteristics of Tibetan tea polyphenols and polysaccharides in vitro and their effects on gut microbiota.

Tibetan tea contains highly valuable bioactive components like polyphenols and polysaccharides, which can regulate gut microbiota and promote bodily health. This study systematically investigated the gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation behavior of Tibetan tea polyphenols (TPP), polysaccharides (TPS), and their polyphenol-polysaccharide complex (TC). TPP, TPS, and TC demonstrated minimal changes in physicochemical and structural characteristics after gastrointestinal digestion.