Wine-Processed Polysaccharides Alleviating Cognitive Dysfunction in CUMS Mice by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota.

The incidence rate of cognitive dysfunction (CD) urgently requires the development of safe and effective dietary supplements to prevent and treat this disease. (PS) is a traditional Chinese herb that can be used as both food and a medicine, and is known to improve memory and nourish the nerves. However, there has been limited research on the commonly used wine-processed form of PS (WPS) in clinical practice; consequently, we know little about the pharmacological effects of WPS and the mechanisms involved.

Advances of Chinese medicine-derived exosomes in disease intervention and drug delivery system.

Backgrounds: Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNVs) are nanoscale vesicles with lipid bilayer as the basic framework, which include nucleic acids, encapsulate various proteins, and other bioactive substances. They have recently become promising preparations for disease treatment and intercellular signaling. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (CMELNVs) have great potential in solving a variety of human health diseases.

Association between low-carbohydrate diet and chronic kidney disease in population with gestational diabetes mellitus history: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy, and is associated with a significantly increased risk of postpartum chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) is recommended for glycaemic management in GDM patients, its long-term impact on kidney health remains unclear.

Objective: To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to investigate the association between LCD and the risk of CKD in women with a history of GDM, providing evidence for optimising postpartum dietary intervention strategies.

Arabidopsis HSFA1b functions as a heat sensor inhibiting OST1-mediated stomatal closure through its adenylate-cyclase activity.

Global warming profoundly affects plant communities, but the mechanisms and the identity of sensors controlling plant thermosensing remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify the heat-shock factor A1b (HSFA1b) transcription factor as a heat sensor that regulates stomatal responses by inhibiting open stomata 1 (OST1) kinase activity in Arabidopsis. OST1 induces stomatal closure under heat stress independently of abscisic acid, and its activity is inhibited in the cytosol by the C-terminus of HSFA1b through intrinsic adenylate cyclase (AC) activity.

Potential-Window Engineering Tames Jahn-Teller Distortion in MnO for Ultra-Stable Aqueous Energy Storage.

The deployment of manganese dioxide (MnO) in high-performance aqueous energy storage is frequently hampered by Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion linked to unstable high-spin Mn ions, causing structural degradation and performance decay that conventional static modifications struggle to fully resolve. To overcome these limitations, a potential-window-driven in-situ activation strategy is presented, employing cyclic voltammetry on MnO precursors, to achieve control over both MnO crystal structure and Mn⁺ spin states. Optimal in-situ transformation potential-window yields MnO within 0-1.

TREM2 in MASH: integrating lipid metabolism and immune response.

Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), a progressive liver disease characterized by disturbances of lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation response in liver has become the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies in both humans and mice have identified a distinct population of liver macrophages characterized by the expression of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), also be known as lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs), is highly expressed in macrophages under metabolic stress conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that TREM2+ macrophages play a crucial role in lipid metabolism and immune responses, contributing to the reversal of MASH.

Magnetic critical behavior of an above room temperature skyrmion material CoZnMn.

The-Mn type CoZnMncompound, known for hosting magnetic skyrmions beyond room temperature, plays a key role in understanding complex magnetic behaviors and advancing spintronics, particularly in skyrmion-based magnetic data storage and processing. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the field-dependent critical behavior of the cubic-Mn type CoZnMnsingle-crystal, focusing on magnetic isotherms near its Curie temperature. Employing methods such as modified Arrott plots, the Kouvel-Fisher method, and critical isothermal analysis, we determined the critical exponents, and, which are 0.

Tailoring polysaccharide tanning agents with a broad molecular weight distribution from corncob biomass: A dual solution for sustainable leather processing and waste valorization.

The shift toward chromium-free eco-leather manufacturing has spurred interest in biomass-based tanning agents. However, their suboptimal molecular size and poor solubility hinder effective leather penetration. In this study, biomass-derived tanning agents were developed from corncob hemicellulosic polysaccharides (CPs) with tailored molecular weights, isolated via alkali extraction and acid-alcohol precipitation, followed by partial epoxidation.

Effect and mechanism of PYCR1 on biological function of hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxia.

Background: Pyrrole-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is a key enzyme involved in proline synthesis, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship and mechanism of PYCR1 on proline metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions.

Methods: GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological function and possible mechanism of PYCR1 in hypoxic microenvironments.

Comparative transcriptomics in B73-teosinte near-isogenic maize lines reveals key defense signaling and phytoalexins in response to infection.

Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by and , is a devastating foliar disease affecting maize production worldwide. However, the defense mechanisms underlying GLS resistance are poorly understood. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), , associated with GLS resistance, was previously identified on maize chromosome 8 bin 8.

Rapid and simple separation and detection of Aβ42 in blood neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles using nanozyme-catalyzed colorimetric sensor.

The rapid separation and detection of neuronal-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma is essential for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we present a magnetic separation-assisted visual analysis strategy for detecting Aβ42-positive EVs (Aβ42 EVs) using a nanozyme-catalyzed colorimetric sensor. EVs are first captured from plasma using FeO@SiO core-shell nanoparticles functionalized with CD63 aptamers (FeO@SiO-Apt).

Replacement of large subunit N terminus enabled biogenesis of different plant Rubiscos in E. coli.

The efforts of engineering plant ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) with the goal of improving plant photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield have existed for long. However, the directed evolution of plant Rubisco has not been widely explored because its biogenesis in a heterologous host such as Escherichia coli remains challenging. Recent breakthroughs in developing the Arabidopsis five-auxiliary-chaperone package and optimizing the chaperone origins have enabled the functional assembly of several plant Rubisco large subunits with their native or other plant small subunits in E.

Comprehensive analysis of the critical role of the epithelial mesenchymal transition subtype - TAGLN-positive fibroblasts in colorectal cancer progression and immunosuppression.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis and immune suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific mechanisms of EMT and its relationship with the clinical prognosis and immunotherapy response in CRC patients remain unclear. In this study, we identified TAGLN-positive fibroblasts (TAGLN⁺Fib) as a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtype within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor metastasis and immune evasion.

Quercetin Induces Apoptosis Through Downregulating P4HA2 and Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Quercetin is a natural product with multiple activities, which possesses a promising antitumor effect on malignancies. The involvement of proline 4-hydroxylase II (P4HA2) in collagen synthesis is crucial in the growth of tumor cells. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death requisite for the stability of the intracellular environment.

Functional characterization of promiscuous 2-ODD enzymes sheds light on the molecular basis for flavone and flavonol biosynthesis in ferns.

Flavone synthase I (FNS I), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and flavonol synthase (FLS) are essential enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavones and flavonols. Notably, while FNS I and F3H have been extensively studied in early land plants, FLS has predominantly been characterized in seed plants, and there is a lack of functional studies on FLS in ferns. This research identified four 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) enzymes from four fern species: Pteris vittata, Cibotium barometz, Dicksonia antarctica, and Platycerium bifurcatum.

Advanced Simulation of ITER Core X-ray Crystal Spectroscopy.

X-Ray Simulation Analysis (XRSA) is an analytical ray-tracing mixed code developed specifically for the ITER Core X-Ray Crystal Spectroscopy (XRCS-Core) diagnostic, which employs a dual-reflection configuration incorporating multiple pre-reflectors made of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and spherically curved analyzing crystals. The ITER XRCS-Core is designed for high spectral resolution measurement in specific wavelength ranges, including narrow bands around 1.354 Å for W64+, 2.

A single amino acid substitution increases both carboxylation turnover number and CO affinity of form II Rubisco.

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the key CO-fixing enzyme in photosynthesis, is notorious for its low carboxylation activity. However, the difficulty in rationally engineering a fast Rubisco over the past decades brings a question whether a constraint exists in Rubisco's catalytic mechanism. In this study, we show that altering a single amino acid at position 398 in Form II Rubisco doubles its catalytic efficiency.

Identification and Nutrient Composition of a Wild Strain from Tibet, and the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polysaccharides from This Fungus.

The selection and breeding of high-quality wild edible fungal strains can bring significant economic and social benefits. A wild fungal strain (X21185) from the Tibetan Plateau was isolated and identified as a novel () based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. The appropriate culture conditions for were determined.

Screening -Derived Vesicles Harvested at Different Periods as Carriers for the Treatment of Colitis-Associated Cancer.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles are of great significance in practical applications due to their availability, low immunogenicity, and effective carrier performance. -derived vesicles (IRDVs) not only have the capability for drug-carrying targeted therapy but also exhibit certain anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects as part of traditional Chinese medicine. The harvest time is closely related to the quality of its medicinal ingredients; however, whether there are differences in the IRDVs harvested at different times has yet to be explored.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Gibberellin-Mediated Flower Opening Process in Tree Peony ().

Gibberellin (GA) plays a crucial role in regulating the flowering time of tree peony ( Andr.). However, its function on flower opening after dormancy release remains unclear, and its molecular mechanism need further study.

Deletion of wheat alpha-gliadins from chromosome 6D improves gluten strength and reduces immunodominant celiac disease epitopes.

Wheat gliadins and glutenins confer valuable end-use characteristics but include amino acid sequences (epitopes) that can elicit celiac disease (CeD) in genetically predisposed individuals. The onset of CeD in these individuals is affected by the amount and duration of the exposure to immunogenic epitopes. Therefore, a reduction of epitopes that result in high immune responses in the majority of CeD patients (immunodominant epitopes) may reduce the incidence of CeD at a population level.

Modulation of lignin and anthocyanin homeostasis by GTP cyclohydrolase1 in maize.

Maize is a key biomass resource with wide agricultural applications. Anthocyanins, potent antioxidants, offer health benefits like reducing oxidative stress. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins competes with that of lignin for shared metabolic precursors, which can lead to trade-offs in plant growth and feed quality.

Structural characterization of raw and wine-steamed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua oligosaccharides and their bioactivity on immune regulation via modifying the gut microbiota.

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of use as pharmaceuticals or functional foods. Wine steaming is the main processing method of PC, which changes the structure of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in PC and enhances biological activities. This study investigated the structural characterization of raw and wine-steamed PC oligosaccharides and the differences in the immunomodulatory effects using cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression rat model.

A CRY1-HY5-MYB signaling cascade fine-tunes guard cell reactive oxygen species levels and triggers stomatal opening.

Stomatal opening facilitates CO2 uptake and causes water loss via transpiration. Compared with the considerable progress made toward understanding phototropin-mediated blue light (BL) signaling in guard cells, the significance of cryptochromes (CRYs) in stomatal opening and their downstream elements remain largely unknown. Here, we show that 3 homologous MYB transcription factor genes, namely MYB11, MYB12, and MYB111, are rapidly transactivated in guard cells during the dark-to-light transition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).