Free radical switching behavior between initial neutral and buffer neutral condition during Fenton-like degradation over pyrite/hematite mineral.

Heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions have broadened the pH adaptation window of traditional homogeneous Fenton during water purification. However, the sharp decrease in their activity under macro-neutral conditions is still a large challenge. More importantly, although it has been realized that the pH value always changes during the heterogeneous Fenton-like process, there are still a few research focuses on the degradation mechanisms in different pH systems, especially the difference between initial neutral and the buffered neutral system.

Correction: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal a stress-induced EMT-like epithelial subset driving immune activation in silica-injured lung.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.

Enhancing Interlayer Bonding in DLP-Printed Piezoelectric Ceramics via Controlled Secondary Curing for High Piezoelectric Performance.

Digital light processing (DLP) presents a promising approach for fabricating intricately designed piezoelectric components, which are essential for developing high-sensitivity piezoelectric sensor systems. However, the inherent layer-by-layer stacking nature of DLP induces interlayer cracking in printed ceramics, which severely deteriorates their performance. This work introduces an innovative interfacial engineering strategy to print superlattice components with exceptional piezoelectric performance.

Synthesis of flexible SERS sensing platform of graphene/Ag-popcorns/ PMMA for ultrasensitive detection.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with ultrahigh sensitivity has garnered significant attention for quantitative analysis and chemically specific detection. However, conventional SERS platforms, typically structured by depositing plasmonic micro/nanoparticles onto rigid substrates, face limitations in further advancement and applications. In this study, we present a novel method to prepare a flexible SERS film substrate composed of graphene overlayer (G) atop a self-assembled array of silver micropopcorns (Ag MPs) and a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) membrane.

Dosage and duration of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy Post-Kasai portoenterostomy in biliary atresia: a multicenter cross-sectional study with age stratification.

Purpose: Evaluate clinical efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in biliary atresia (BA) infants post-Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) using real-world data.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 698 BA patients from eight Chinese pediatric centers (2020-2025). Age-stratified analyses used propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust baseline differences.

Antimicrobial peptide PK34 modification enhances the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Background: New therapeutic strategies are needed to treat tuberculosis (TB). The antimicrobial peptide PK34 has a good ability to clear Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is not prone to drug resistance and adverse reactions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also be used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of TB.

Design, Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 5-(1-Amino-4-phenoxybutylidene)barbituric Acid Derivatives Containing an Enamino Diketone Motif.

In continuation of our efforts to identify novel herbicide lead compounds, twenty new 5-(1-amino-4-phenoxybutylidene)barbituric acid derivatives containing an enamino diketone motif were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activities. The greenhouse bioassay results indicated that several of the target compounds, including , , , , and , exhibited notable post-emergence herbicidal activity, with sum inhibition rates exceeding 70% at a dosage of 150 g ha, which was superior to that of the commercial herbicide flumiclorac-pentyl (FP). The structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrated that the steric and electronic effects of the R group, as well as the lipophilicity of the target compounds, significantly influenced herbicidal activity.

Natural variation and functional analysis of TaSD6 genes regulating seed dormancy in common wheat.

Background: The bHLH transcription factor SD6 regulates rice seed dormancy. However, sequence variants of wheat SD6 homologs and their roles in seed dormancy remain unknown.

Results: Here, we cloned three wheat homologous genes of SD6 (named TaSD6-7A, TaSD6-7B, and TaSD6-7D), and found that TaSD6-7A had abundant sequence variations, while TaSD6-7B and TaSD6-7D had no variation.

Prognostic Value of Functional Incomplete Revascularization in Patients Undergoing Valve Surgery With Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Coronary angiography remains standard for assessing lesions in valve surgery patients with concomitant coronary artery disease.

Objectives: This study assessed the prognostic value of functional evaluation using quantitative flow ratio in these patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing valve surgery (January 2016-December 2021) with ≥1 vessel stenosis (50%-90%) were included.

Lutein augments the hypoglycemic effect of metformin through the gut microbiota-imidazole propionate axis in type 2 diabetic model mice.

Our objective was to investigate the potential of lutein in enhancing the efficacy of metformin in diabetes treatment and the underlying mechanisms involved. Here, the study was conducted with type 2 diabetic mice, which was induced by a high-fat diet with streptozotocin. Twenty-four diabetic model mice were divided into four groups: model control group, metformin group, lutein group, and lutein combined with metformin (Lut_Met) group.

Enabling a Robust Long-Life Zinc-Iodine Flow Battery by Stabilizing the Zinc Anode in a Halide-Rich Electrolyte.

The growing demand for grid-scale energy storage calls for safe and low-cost solutions, for which zinc-iodine flow batteries (ZIFBs) are highly promising. However, their practical application is critically hindered by two issues: accumulation of insoluble solid iodine at the cathode and zinc dendrite growth at the anode. While halide-rich electrolyte can address the former, the anode instabilities remain a major obstacle.

Three-Dimensional Path Planning for UAV Based on Multi-Strategy Dream Optimization Algorithm.

The multi-strategy optimized dream optimization algorithm (MSDOA) is proposed to address the challenges of inadequate search capability, slow convergence, and susceptibility to local optima in intelligent optimization algorithms applied to UAV three-dimensional path planning, aiming to enhance the global search efficiency and accuracy of UAV path planning algorithms in 3D environments. First, the algorithm utilizes Bernoulli chaotic mapping for population initialization to widen individual search ranges and enhance population diversity. Subsequently, an adaptive perturbation mechanism is incorporated during the exploration phase along with a lens imaging reverse learning strategy to update the population, thereby improving the exploration ability and accelerating convergence while mitigating premature convergence.

Ampelopsis grossedentata protects against ethanol-induced acute duodenal injury by inhibiting TNF-triggered caspases-dependent apoptosis in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is a popular folk tea that has been used in China for more than 1000 years. It is noteworthy that AG is widely recognized for preventing alcohol hangover in folk, and its protective effects on alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis have been demonstrated.

Aim Of The Study: Alcohol overconsumption can induce acute duodenal injury (ADI) that lacks effective therapeutic strategies.

Chaotic enhanced leader slime mold algorithm for dome structures with frequency constraints.

This paper introduces the chaotic enhanced leader slime mold algorithm (CELSMA), an advanced bio-inspired optimization technique aimed at addressing high-dimensional engineering challenges. Building on the traditional slime mold algorithm (SMA), CELSMA implements a multi-leader strategy that utilizes three candidate leaders to enhance both exploration and exploitation capabilities. Additionally, CELSMA harnesses the ergodic and non-repetitive characteristics of chaotic maps to improve global search behavior and reduce the risk of premature convergence to local optima.

Continuous Biochemical Profiling of the Gastrointestinal Tract Using an Integrated Smart Capsule.

The gastrointestinal tract contains a wealth of chemical information that can be used to decipher the health of the digestive and nervous systems. Traditional methods of analysis, such as fecal analysis and biopsies, are invasive, costly, and incapable of providing real-time metabolic and hormone profiling across the gastrointestinal tract. Commercial ingestible capsule sensors have been developed, but only monitor basic markers, such as pH and pressure, neglecting detailed chemical analysis.

Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Safety Analyses to Inform Dosage Selection in the Clinical Development of the ATR Inhibitor Tuvusertib.

We present model-informed selection of the recommended dose for expansion (RDE) of investigational oral ATR inhibitor tuvusertib, by integrating clinical pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety data from DDRiver Solid Tumors 301 trial Part A1 (NCT04170153). A population PK (POPPK) model was developed to characterize PK and hemoglobin (HGB) reduction after multicycle treatment was simulated using a semi-mechanistic, multivariate POPPK/PD model of reticulocyte (RET), red blood cell (RBC), and HGB dynamics. A semi-mechanistic PK-efficacy model characterized concentration-dependent tumor growth inhibition (TGI) in ARID1A mutant xenograft models.

Urinary elementomic analysis indicates aluminum as a potential urinary biomarker of sarcopenia in the older adults.

Sarcopenia is characterized by aging-related progressive loss of muscle mass and function; however, the specific and sensitive biomarkers are still limited. Biometals and trace elements provide a potential connection linking the environment and lifestyle to pathological processes of sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between urinary trace elements levels and the presence of sarcopenia.

Starch-based biodegradable active intelligent packaging with color superimposition via emulsion electrospinning nanofiber for meat freshness monitoring and shelf-life extension.

Developing sustainable and multifunctional intelligent packaging systems has emerged as a highly promising approach to reducing plastic pollution, minimizing food waste, and enhancing food safety. In this research, a biodegradable intelligent active packaging with a dual pH-responsive system was created by incorporating fat-soluble curcumin (CUR) and water-soluble roselle anthocyanins (RSA) into core and shell, respectively, of starch-based fibers using emulsion electrospinning. Octenyl succinic anhydride starch/polyvinyl alcohol complexes functioned as both fiber wall materials and emulsifiers, stabilizing double-loaded nano-emulsions (88.

Ligand Coordination Equilibria-Drived Homogeneous Electrodeposition Enables Coatings with Superior Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Strength.

Electroplating technology is crucial for interfacial engineering due to its flexible controllability and excellent protective performance. However, electroplated coatings often exhibit uneven deposition morphology due to the uncontrollable nucleation and growth of metal grains, which results in degraded coating performance. Here, we propose ligand coordination equilibria (LCE) that creates a dense coating by simultaneously modulating the solvation structure and optimizing the reduction process, exemplified by Al/Zr alloy electroplating.

Special Rubber with Excellent Mechanical Strength and Thermal Stability for Temperature Difference Generator Applications.

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are capable of converting part of the unreusable light and heat energy into electrical energy, which is an emerging energy harvesting technology. However, the photothermal conversion layer, as a key component of the TEG, is susceptible to mechanical damage and structural damage under the influence of external stress stimuli and high-temperature environments, which affects the stable operation of the TEG. Therefore, it is a great challenge to develop a photothermal conversion layer that combines excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability.

A bioinspired microfluidic wearable sensor for multiday sweat sampling, transport, and metabolic analysis.

Wearable sweat sensors enable noninvasive real-time biochemical monitoring, holding immense potential for personalized health care applications. However, achieving prolonged and reliable sweat sampling, along with stable biochemical analysis, remains challenging due to inconsistent secretion, rapid evaporation, and the reliance on external stimulation. Here, we present BMS, a bioinspired microfluidic wearable sweat sensor system designed for multiday continuous metabolic monitoring.

New Insights into Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment that importantly contributes to treatment resistance. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which comprise approximately 50% of the cellular population within the GBM microenvironment, represent a major subset of tumor-associated macrophages. These cells drive tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, immune evasion, and the phenotypic transformation of tumor cells.

Design of an ultra-wideband low-loss miniaturized 3 dB coupler.

A novel ultra-wideband low-loss miniaturized 3 dB coupler based on a polymer dual-hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DHC-ARF) is proposed. The wavelength dependence can be effectively reduced by adopting two identical elliptical cores in the DHC-ARF and the polarization dependence can be greatly weakened by introducing two small nested tubes into two cladding tubes at both sides of the air-gap channel between two cores. The 3 dB coupler can be constructed by a 4.

Minimal vs Specialized Exercise Equipment for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise tolerance, symptom burden, and health-related quality of life for people with chronic respiratory conditions. However, demand for PR outstrips supply. Traditionally, PR has been delivered using specialist, gym-based exercise equipment.