New Insights into Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment that importantly contributes to treatment resistance. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which comprise approximately 50% of the cellular population within the GBM microenvironment, represent a major subset of tumor-associated macrophages. These cells drive tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, immune evasion, and the phenotypic transformation of tumor cells.

Relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaques and 90-day prognosis after acute ischemic stroke mediated by multiple inflammatory factors: A cohort and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: We explored the relationship between maximum carotid plaque thickness (cPTmax), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and the 90-day prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as well as the mediating roles of inflammatory factors.

Methods: We enrolled 951 patients with AIS who underwent carotid artery ultrasonography between June 2019 and November 2023. cPTmax, monocytes (Mono) and the calculated lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) values were obtained.

Development of a closed-loop process toward waste cotton textile upcycling into efficient ozonation catalysts for water purification.

Upcycling waste cotton into high-value catalysts offers a more sustainable and promising alternative to conventional landfill disposal. In this study, a closed-loop upcycling process was established to converts waste cotton into efficient ozonation catalysts for the treatment and reuse of textile wastewater. Through a simple pyrolysis process, waste cotton textiles are transformed into carbonaceous catalysts (WCCs), with high-temperature treatment at 800 ℃ optimizing the mesoporous structure, graphitic carbon content, and defect density.

Correlation Between NLR to Albumin Ratio and 90-day Prognosis After Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

The prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in relation to albumin levels for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear. This study examined the correlation between inflammatory markers and nutritional status to predict 90-day outcomes in patients with AIS. A total of 5855 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Stroke Center at Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine between June 2017 and September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Large language models without grounding recover non-sensorimotor but not sensorimotor features of human concepts.

To what extent can language give rise to complex conceptual representation? Is multisensory experience essential? Recent large language models (LLMs) challenge the necessity of grounding for concept formation: whether LLMs without grounding nevertheless exhibit human-like representations. Here we compare multidimensional representations of ~4,442 lexical concepts between humans (the Glasgow Norms, N = 829; and the Lancaster Norms, N = 3,500) and state-of-the-art LLMs with and without visual learning, across non-sensorimotor, sensory and motor domains. We found that (1) the similarity between model and human representations decreases from non-sensorimotor to sensory domains and is minimal in motor domains, indicating a systematic divergence, and (2) models with visual learning exhibit enhanced similarity with human representations in visual-related dimensions.

Zuogui Pill Promotes Neurovascular Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Remodeling After Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of long-term disability. Neurovascular regeneration and remodeling of the corticospinal tracts are essential for neurological functional recovery. Zuogui pill (ZGP) has good efficacy in treating cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Targeting mesenchymal monocyte-derived macrophages to enhance the sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide by inhibiting TNF/CELSR2/p65/Kla-HDAC1/EPAS1 axis.

Introduction: Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance poses a significant challenge to the treatment of aggressive and highly lethal glioblastomas (GBM). Monocyte-derived Macrophages (MDM) within the tumor microenvironment are key factors contributing to TMZ resistance in GBM. Lactate-mediated histone lysine lactylation (Kla) plays a crucial role in the regulation of tumor progression.

MoSec13 combined with MoGcn5b modulates MoAtg8 acetylation and regulates autophagy in .

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation process that is crucial for cellular homeostasis in . However, the precise regulatory mechanisms governing autophagy in this organism remain unclear. In this study, we found a multiregional localization of MoSec13 to the vesicle membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and perinucleus.

LRRC4 Deficiency Drives Premature Ovarian Insufficiency by Disrupting Metabolic Homeostasis in Granulosa Cells.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), defined by early loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40 years, is the leading cause of infertility and systematic aging in women, posing a public health challenge worldwide. However, its molecular etiology and therapeutic options are still lacking. Here, leucine-rich repeat containing 4 (LRRC4) is identified as a critical regulator of folliculogenesis expressed in granulosa cells (GCs), which contributes to ovarian reserve maintenance.

IGF-1 signaling pathway activation promotes axonal regeneration and repair: A mechanism study on catalpol-induced functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, there is a concept of "tonifying the kidney and generating marrow, and marrow enriches and nourishes the brain ", which believes that tonifying the kidney and generating marrow can promote brain marrow repair and neurological function recovery. This theoretical framework has been substantiated by multiple modern medical studies. Catalpol, a bioactive iridoid glycoside extracted from Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.

U-Shaped Relationship of Serum Albumin and Neurological Functional Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Several studies indicate that individuals with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who have low levels of serum albumin (SA) have a dismal prognosis. However, intravenously administering albumin 25% at a dose of 2 g/kg did not lead to improved outcomes for patients with AIS after 90 days. Our objective was to examine the possible correlation between SA levels and stroke outcomes in a prospective cohort investigation.

Tenecteplase versus alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tenecteplase (TNK) was found non-inferior to alteplase (ALT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We sought to further elucidate the efficacy and safety of intravenous TNK versus ALT for AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and https://clinicaltrials.

Neuroprotective mechanisms of microglia in ischemic stroke: a review focused on mitochondria.

Stroke encompasses a range of cerebrovascular disorders characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality, with ischemic stroke being the predominant type. This condition imposes significant socio-economic and healthcare burdens, and therapeutic options are currently limited. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, are rapidly activated following stroke-induced injury and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and ischemic tissues.

Assessment of skin fibrosis in a murine model of systemic sclerosis with multifunctional optical coherence tomography.

Significance: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic idiopathic disease that causes immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and organ fibrosis that affects more than 3 million people in the US alone. The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is the current gold standard for diagnosing and staging skin fibrosis in SSc. However, mRSS is subjective, requires extensive training, and has high observer variability.

Association between body roundness index and stroke results from the 1999-2018 NHANES.

Importance: Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is a controllable risk factor associated with the incidence of stroke. The body roundness index (BRI) bridges the gap between traditional anthropometric methods of assessing fat distribution to predict the percentage of body fat and visceral adipose tissue, which can be used to decipher its population-based characteristics and potential association with stroke.

Objective: The negative impact of accumulated visceral obesity on cerebrovascular health has been widely documented.

Combined 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and physical activity on mortality in US stroke survivors: findings from the NHANES.

Background: 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and physical activity (PA) are linked and both are associated with changes in mortality. We examined the association of 25(OH)D and PA with all-cause or cause-specific mortality risk in stroke survivors.

Methods: The analysis included 677 stroke survivors from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 to 2017-2018.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of glioblastoma reveals pericytes contributing to the blood-brain-tumor barrier and tumor progression.

The blood-brain barrier is often altered in glioblastoma (GBM) creating a blood-brain-tumor barrier (BBTB) composed of pericytes. The BBTB affects chemotherapy efficacy. However, the expression signatures of BBTB-associated pericytes remain unclear.

Quercetin Boosts Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release to Improve Luteal Function via Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-Mediated Neuron Pyroptosis.

Scope: Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is the main cause of infertility without an effective cure. Quercetin (QUE) is a bioactive flavonoid with antioxidant properties, while its role in treating LPD remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of QUE on infertility and menstrual disorders induced by LPD, thus further exploring the underlying mechanism.

Association of phenotypic age and accelerated aging with severity and disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: Biological age may be more accurate than chronological age in determining chronic health outcomes. However, few studies have shown the association between biological age and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In this study we showed the association between phenotypic age (PhenoAge) or accelerated aging and severity and disability in patients with AIS.

Relationship between serum glucose-potassium ratio and 90-day outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Recent studies have shown that the serum glucose-potassium ratio (GPR) upon admission is correlated with the prognosis of cerebrovascular disorders. Herein, we investigated the relationship between GPR and 90-day functional outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients with AIS registered at the Stroke Center of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine.

Procyanidin B1 Promotes PSMC3-NRF2 Ubiquitination to Induce Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma.

NRF2 signaling is a crucial antioxidant defense mechanism against ferroptosis in tumors, and targeting NRF2 is essential for tumor therapy. However, the effectiveness of NRF2 inhibitors remains unexplored. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine serve as important sources of NRF2 inhibitors.

Research trends on cancer neuroscience: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Background: Recently, cancer neuroscience has become the focus for scientists. Interactions between the nervous system and cancer (both systemic and local) can regulate tumorigenesis, progression, treatment resistance, compromise of anti-cancer immunity, and provocation of tumor-promoting inflammation. We assessed the related research on cancer neuroscience through bibliometric analysis and explored the research status and hotspots from 2020 to 2024.

Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing Reveals a MET+ Oligodendrocyte Subpopulation That Promotes Proliferation of Radiation-Induced Gliomas.

Purpose: Radiation-induced gliomas (RIGs) are fatal late complications of radiation therapy, with a median survival time of 6 to 11 months. RIGs demonstrate a unique molecular landscape and may originate from a glial lineage distinct from that of primary malignancies or diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs). This study aimed to explore the intratumoral diversity within RIGs to uncover their cellular origin and characteristics and enhance our understanding of this uncommon tumor type.

Unraveling the role of MiR-181 in skin fibrosis pathogenesis by targeting NUDT21.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by widespread fibrosis in the skin and several internal organs. Nudix Hydrolase 21 (NUDT2 or CFIm25) downregulation in fibroblasts is known to play detrimental roles in both skin and lung fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the upstream mechanisms that lead to NUDT21 repression in skin fibrosis.

PIK-III exerts anti-fibrotic effects in activated fibroblasts by regulating p38 activation.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune-driven connective tissue disorder that results in fibrosis of the skin and internal organs such as the lung. Fibroblasts are known as the main effector cells involved in the progression of SSc through the induction of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and myofibroblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that 4'-(cyclopropylmethyl)-N2-4-pyridinyl-[4,5'-bipyrimidine]-2,2'-diamine (PIK-III), known as class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3C3/VPS34) inhibitor, exerts potent antifibrotic effects in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by attenuating transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced ECM expression, cell contraction and myofibroblast differentiation.