Establishment and characterization of patient-derived xenograft of scrotal Paget's disease.

Objective: To develop a patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) of Scrotal Paget's disease (SPD), providing an experimental tool for the screening of therapeutic drugs and the development of new drugs for SPD treatment.

Methods: SPD tumor tissues were implanted into the subcutaneous area of the right scapula in male NOD-Scid mice to establish a PDX model. PDX tissues were characterized using H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and PCR.

Electrically switchable valley polarization and an anomalous valley Hall effect in monolayer and bilayer NbS.

Achieving electrically controlled valley polarization in ferrovalley materials is critical for their energy-efficient valleytronic applications, yet direct electrical controllability of valley polarization remains elusive in most systems. In this work, we investigate the switchable valley polarization in monolayer and bilayer NbS using first-principles calculations. We propose a sliding-based mechanism as a promising route towards valley polarization switching.

Small intestinal NK/T-cell lymphoma with malignant peritoneal effusion as the first symptom: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Small intestinal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/T-L) is a rare condition, and cases presenting with malignant peritoneal effusion as the initial symptoms are not well-documented. We report a unique case that contributes to the understanding of this rare disease.

Case Report: A 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal distension and weight loss persisting for over 2 months.

Biomarkers in spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy is a hereditary disorder leading to severe neuromuscular impairment. With the introduction of disease-modifying therapies in recent years, the role of biomarkers has expanded from aiding diagnosis to monitoring treatment responses, prognostic assessment, and the development of individualized treatment strategies. This review systematically summarizes biomarkers in the field of spinal muscular atrophy, including physiological indicators, functional assessments, imaging features, and molecular markers, which are derived from the analysis of different tissues from human patients and animal models.

Dimethyl fumarate improves sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting STING-mediated ferroptosis.

The precise pathogenic mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain incompletely characterized. Emerging evidence implicates ferroptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in ARDS pathogenesis, though the regulatory networks governing this association require further elucidation. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), conventionally recognized as a pivotal mediator of innate immunity through DNA-sensing pathways, has recently been linked to ferroptosis.

Long-Term Wildfire Smoke Exposure and Increased Risk of Heart Failure in Older Adults.

Background: Fine particulate matter, defined as particles <2.5 μm in diameter (PM), is the most important environmental risk factor for global mortality. Wildfires have been increasing globally, posing a global health challenge.

Lvvibriocin-GK effectively reduced skin ulcer syndrome of Apostichopus japonicus by eliminating surface bacteria, modulating gut microbiota, and enhancing host immune responses.

Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is a major threat to the aquaculture of Apostichopus japonicus, particularly in southern China, where it has shown high mortality rates and infectious potential. Traditional antibiotic treatments often lead to challenges such as antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are vital elements of innate immunity, represent a promising alternative for treating SUS.

Transient receptor potential channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 are involved in chronic pain relief via Pulsed Radiofrequency in Rheumatoid Arthritis rat.

The relevance of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels ankyrin 1 (TRPA1, a sensor of noxious cold and mechanical stimuli) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1, a nociceptor and heat sensor) in the pathogenesis of chronic pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is profound. Multiple clinical studies have shown that pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is effective in alleviating pain. However, the precise mechanism through which PRF alleviates pain remains unclear.

Zuogui Pill Promotes Neurovascular Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Remodeling After Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of long-term disability. Neurovascular regeneration and remodeling of the corticospinal tracts are essential for neurological functional recovery. Zuogui pill (ZGP) has good efficacy in treating cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism remains unclear.

T-cell senescence: Unlocking the tumor immune "Dark Box" - A multidimensional analysis from mechanism to tumor immunotherapeutic intervention.

Immunosenescence is the dysfunction of the immune system that occurs with age, a process that is complex and characterized by several features, of which T-cell senescence is one of the key manifestations. In the tumor microenvironment, senescent T cells lead to the inability of tumor cells to be effectively eliminated, triggering immunosuppression, which in turn affects the efficacy of immunotherapy. This is a strong indication that T-cell senescence significantly weakens the immune function of the body, making individuals, especially elderly patients with cancer, more vulnerable to cancer attacks.

Progress in the study of the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the reproductive system.

In recent years, the increasing number of infertility cases has led to a greater research focus on the reproductive toxicity of drugs due to the fact that some classes of pharmacotherapeutic agents have been found to exert deleterious effects on the reproductive system. Depressive disorders are a class of common mental illnesses that seriously damage human health. The variety of antidepressant drugs is large and the incidence of adverse effects is high.

Long-term exposure to smoke PM and COPD caused mortality for elderly people in the contiguous United States.

Wildfire events in the US are becoming more frequent and more intensive due to climate change. Fire smoke can significantly contribute to ambient PM (PM, particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) levels and alter its chemical composition.

Baicalin reduces sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity in renal carcinoma PDX model by inhibiting myocardial injury, apoptosis and fibrosis.

Sunitinib (SU), a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has anticancer function but its clinical use is often limited by cardiovascular complications. Baicalin (BA) has demonstrated various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, but its potential roles in SU-induced cardiotoxicity have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BA in SU-induced cardiotoxicity by using renal carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model.

Nitrogen deposition favors later leaf senescence in woody species.

China has experienced an unprecedented increase in nitrogen deposition over recent decades, threatening ecosystem structure, functioning, and resilience. However, the impact of elevated nitrogen deposition on the date of foliar senescence remains widely unexplored. Using 22,780 in situ observations and long-term satellite-based date of foliar senescence measures for woody species across China, we find that increased nitrogen deposition generally delays date of foliar senescence, with strong causal evidence observed at site-to-region scales.

IGF-1 signaling pathway activation promotes axonal regeneration and repair: A mechanism study on catalpol-induced functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, there is a concept of "tonifying the kidney and generating marrow, and marrow enriches and nourishes the brain ", which believes that tonifying the kidney and generating marrow can promote brain marrow repair and neurological function recovery. This theoretical framework has been substantiated by multiple modern medical studies. Catalpol, a bioactive iridoid glycoside extracted from Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.

Associations Between Temperature and Location of Injury or Condition Among Heat-Related Emergency Department Visits.

High ambient temperature poses significant health risk globally. However, the relative importance of different exposure pathways leading to health risks remains unclear. For 9 US states during 2016-2018, ED visit records for heat exhaustion and heat stroke (HEAT), fluid and electrolyte imbalance (FEI), volume depletion (VD), and acute kidney injury (AKI) were identified via diagnosis codes.

Delayed leaf green-up is associated with fine particulate air pollution in China.

Climate warming has led to earlier leaf green-up dates (GUD) with a greening trend of land surfaces in spring, yet the influence of multi-source particle pollution is not well understood. Using ground records and satellite observations of green-up date and fine particulate matter below 2.5 μm (PM) over the last two decades in China, here we show that PM pollution is associated with reduced plant carbon uptake and delayed green-up dates.

Giant electrocaloric effect in high-polar-entropy perovskite oxides.

Materials with a high electrocaloric effect (ECE) tend to favour a disordered yet easily tunable polar structure. Perovskite ferroelectrics stand out as ideal candidates owing to their high dielectric responses and reasonable thermal conductivity. The introduction of multielement atomic distortions induces a high-polar-entropy state that notably increases the ECE by effectively overcoming the constraints imposed by highly ordered, polar-correlated perovskite structures.

Molecular magnetoresistance enhanced by destructive quantum interference of a [π⋯π] supramolecule.

Molecular magnetoresistance shows promise for future computer memory and storage technology applications. In this study, we design a novel molecular device to achieve this magnetoresistance, where a [π⋯π] supramolecule composed of two DCV4T (dicyanovinyl end-capped quaterthiophene) monomers is employed as the functional unit, and sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes. Density functional theory investigations reveal that the magnetoresistance ratio (MR) is influenced by the configuration of the supramolecule and the temperature.

Enhanced Energy Storage Performance in Mn-Doped SrBiTiFeO Thin Films via Defect Engineering.

Dielectric capacitors are essential in advanced electronics and power systems due to their high power density and fast charge-discharge rates. However, their application is limited by their low energy storage density and efficiency. Aurivillius-phase ferroelectrics have shown promise as energy storage materials, but their low polarization and significant hysteresis remain critical challenges.

A novel antimicrobial peptide Larimicin from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) shows potent antibacterial activity in vitro and enhances resistance to vibrio fluvialis infection in vivo.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered a key component of innate immunity, playing a vital role in host defense. In the study, a novel functional gene, named Larimicin, was identified from large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. The Larimicin gene was widely distributed in multiple tissues of healthy L.

Tuning the conducting types of VSiN by van der Waals engineering.

VSiN, as a notable member of the MAZ material family, has consistently attracted great interest in the field of spintronics due to its distinct electronic properties. However, the nonexistence of states around the Fermi level makes it hardly directly applicable in many situations. This work presents an exhaustive exploration of the modulation of the electronic characteristics, and particularly, the conducting types of VSiN by integrating VSiN with MoS, graphene, and NbS, each noted as a representative of a semiconductor, a semimetal and a metal, respectively, to form van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures.

Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma (ESGDA) is a rare, benign tumor with non-specific clinical features and imaging findings, often leading to misdiagnosis.

Case Report: In this report we describe the clinicopathological features of a new-onset case of ESGDA and review 19 previously-reported ESGDA cases in the literature.

Results: The median age of the 20 patients was 70 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 5:2.

Identification of exosome-related genes associated with prognosis and immune infiltration features in pancreatic cancer.

Background: This study is designed to explore the prognostic significance of exosome-related genes (ERGs) and their impact on the the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Transcriptomic data alongside clinical details of patients with PC were retrieved from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. A collection of 121 exosome-associated genes were obtained from the ExoBCD database.

Ultralow Temperature Sintering of High-Performance Sm-Doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics.

Piezoelectric materials (PZTs) enjoy extensive applications in the field of electromechanical sensors due to their sensitive response to external electric fields. The limited piezoelectric response for single-layer piezoceramic pellets drives the use of multilayered technology to increase the electric displacement of a single piezo device. As is well known, Ag is commonly used as a metal for electrodes in devices based on traditional PZTs, which always densify at a high temperature above 1100 °C, resulting in Ag migration.