Spatiotemporal pattern and prediction model of normalized difference vegetation index in the Yellow River Source Zone.

The Yellow River Source Zone is a critical ecological barrier for the Yellow River Basin, playing a vital role in regional water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity protection. We integrated MODIS remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological and terrain data from 2000-2020, used the methods including Sen slope method, partial correlation analysis, variance inflation factor analysis, interaction detection, as well as random forests and geographically weighted random forests models to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal variations and driving mechanisms of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the Yellow River Source Zone and constructed a prediction model. The results showed that the annual NDVI of the zone increased significantly at a rate of 0.

Electrically switchable valley polarization and an anomalous valley Hall effect in monolayer and bilayer NbS.

Achieving electrically controlled valley polarization in ferrovalley materials is critical for their energy-efficient valleytronic applications, yet direct electrical controllability of valley polarization remains elusive in most systems. In this work, we investigate the switchable valley polarization in monolayer and bilayer NbS using first-principles calculations. We propose a sliding-based mechanism as a promising route towards valley polarization switching.

Revealing the Ferroelectric Fatigue Pathways in HfO₂ Film.

Hafnium oxide (HfO₂) has emerged as a transformative material for next-generation non-volatile memory technologies due to its unique ability to exhibit ferroelectricity in ultrathin films. Its practical application is critically hindered by polarization fatigue and depolarization phenomena, while the inherent complexity of these transitions between ferroelectric and paraelectric state in HfO₂ has posed significant challenges. Here, symmetry analysis and with first-principles calculations is leveraged to systematically explore all potential transition pathways from the ferroelectric oIII/oIV phases to the paraelectric mI/mII phases.

Switchable half-metallicity in anti-ferromagnetic bilayer NbS.

Electrical control over spin in spintronics has many advantages over magnetic control such as improved efficiency, reduced energy consumption, enhanced compatibility and faster response. However, direct electrical control also has its disadvantage due to its volatility feature, and thus indirect electrical control with the aid of ferroelectric materials is much more attractive. In this work, we propose another indirect electrical control strategy based on sliding ferroelectricity to achieve half-metallicity in antiferromagnetic bilayer NbS.

Redefining closed pores in carbons by solvation structures for enhanced sodium storage.

Closed pores are widely accepted as the critical structure for hard carbon negative electrodes in sodium-ion batteries. However, the lack of a clear definition and design principle of closed pores leads to the undesirable electrochemical performance of hard carbon negative electrodes. Herein, we reveal how the evolution of pore mouth sizes determines the solvation structure and thereby redefine the closed pores.

Mapping of the full polarization switching pathways for HfO and its implications.

The discovery of ferroelectric phases in HfO offers insights into ferroelectricity. Its unique fluorite structure and complex polarization switching pathways exhibit distinct characteristics, challenging conventional analysis methods. Combining group theory and first-principles calculations, we identify numerous unconventional electric polarization switching pathways in HfO with energy barriers of 0.

Control of interlayer friction in two-dimensional ferromagnetic CrBr.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials may offer new opportunities in the field of lubrication at the nanoscale. It is essential to investigate the interfacial properties, particularly magnetic coupling, at the interfaces of 2D magnetic materials from the point of view of friction. In the present study, we investigated the tribological and interfacial properties at the interface of bilayer CrBr by performing first-principles calculations.

Phase Stability and Phase Transition Pathways in the Rhombohedral Phase of HfO.

Determining the stability of complex phases in HfO is fundamental to advancing its development and application as ferroelectric material. However, there is ongoing debate regarding whether the ferroelectric phase of HfO originates from the orthorhombic phase or the rhombohedral one. Using first-principles calculations with symmetry group and phonon structure analysis, we have derived multiple phase transitions and ferroelectric switching pathways for the rhombohedral phase, and analyzed their static and dynamic stability.

Stabilizing the Ferroelectric Phase of Hf_{0.5}Zr_{0.5}O_{2} Thin Films by Charge Transfer.

Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted significant interest due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology (CMOS). Achieving and stabilizing the metastable ferroelectric phase in these films is crucial for their application in ferroelectric devices. Recent research efforts have concentrated on the stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in hafnia-based films and delving into the mechanisms responsible for this stability.

Structural superlubricity at the interface of penta-BN.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely used as lubricants due to their weak interlayer interaction and low shear resistance for interlayer sliding. Composed entirely of five-membered rings, penta-BN monolayer has excellent thermal and mechanical stability, higher hardness and a negative Poisson's ratio. In this work, we investigate the frictional properties at both the commensurate and incommensurate contacting interfaces of penta-BN by adopting the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method.

Charge density fluctuation determined the interlayer friction in bilayer MN (M = Be, Mg, and Pt).

MN (M = Be, Mg, and Pt) represents a new class of van der Waals materials. These materials are characterized by exceptional electrical and thermal conductivities, remarkable intralayer mechanical strength, and weak interlayer interactions, making them prone to shearing and slipping. Therefore, MN has significant potential applications as a solid lubricant.

A randomized trial of Bacteroides fragilis 839 on preventing chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse effects in breast cancer patients.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the potential benefits of Bacteroides fragilis 839 (BF839), a next-generation probiotics, in reducing myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patient.

Methods And Study Design: 40 women with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to the BF839 (n=20) or placebo (n=20) during the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles of epirubicin 100mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2). Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse effects were monitored in both groups.

Research and experimental verification on the mechanisms of cellular senescence in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with high heterogeneity, poor prognosis, and a low 10-year survival rate of less than 50%. Although cellular senescence displays extensive effects on cancer, the comprehensions of cellular senescence-related characteristics in TNBC patients remains obscure.

Method: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were analyzed by Seurat package.

Protein Identification and Quantification Using Porous Silicon Arrays, Optical Measurements, and Machine Learning.

We report a versatile platform based on an array of porous silicon (PSi) thin films that can identify analytes based on their physical and chemical properties without the use of specific capture agents. The ability of this system to reproducibly classify, quantify, and discriminate three proteins separately is demonstrated by probing the reflectance of PSi array elements with a unique combination of pore size and buffer pH, and by analyzing the optical signals using machine learning. Protein identification and discrimination are reported over a concentration range of two orders of magnitude.

Tunable electrical properties and multiple-phases of ferromagnetic GdS, GdSe and Janus GdSSe monolayers.

With the continuous miniaturization and integration of spintronic devices, the two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnet coupling of ferromagnetic and diverse electrical properties has become increasingly important. Herein, we report three ferromagnetic monolayers: GdS, GdSe and Janus GdSSe. They are bipolar magnetic semiconductors and demonstrate ferroelasticity with a large reversible strain of 73.

Two-dimensional MN materials as effective multifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen-evolution, oxygen-evolution, and oxygen-reduction reactions.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials confining single atoms (SAs) for catalysis, such as graphene confining metal single atoms (M-N-C), integrate both aspects of 2D materials and single-atom catalysts (SACs). Significant advantages have been established in this new category of catalysts, which have seen rapid development in recent years. Recent studies have suggested a new class of novel 2D materials with a chemical formula of MN naturally holding a uniformly distributed M-N moiety.

Switchable Anomalous Hall Effects in Polar-Stacked 2D Antiferromagnet MnBiTe.

van der Waals (vdW) assembly of two-dimensional (2D) materials allows polar layer stacking to realize novel properties switchable by the induced electric polarization. Here, based on symmetry analyses and density-functional calculations, we explore the emergence of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in antiferromagnetic MnBiTe films assembled by polar layer stacking. We demonstrate that breaking symmetry in an MnBiTe bilayer produces a magnetoelectric effect and a spontaneous AHE switchable by electric polarization.

Interface-engineered ferroelectricity of epitaxial HfZrO thin films.

Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted intense attention due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. However, the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is thermodynamically metastable. Various efforts have been made to stabilize the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase of hafnia-based films such as controlling the growth kinetics and mechanical confinement.

CO coverage on Pd catalysts accelerates oxygen removal in oxy-combustion systems.

Oxy-combustion systems result in enriched CO in exhaust gases; however, the utilization of the concentrated CO stream from oxy-combustion is limited by remnant O. CH oxidation using Pd catalysts has been found to have high O-removal efficiency. Here, the effect of excess CO in the feed stream on O removal with CH oxidation is investigated by combining experimental and theoretical approaches.

Cu-doped SnS nanosheets with superior visible-light photocatalytic CO reduction performance.

Photocatalytic CO reduction utilizing solar energy is a clean, environment-friendly strategy converting CO into hydrocarbon fuels to solve the energy crisis and climate issues. Herein, we report the synthesis of Cu-doped SnS nanosheets a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared Cu-doped SnS composite displays superior photocatalytic CO reduction activity.

CGR-Block: Correlated Feature Extractor and Geometric Feature Fusion for Point Cloud Analysis.

Point cloud processing based on deep learning is developing rapidly. However, previous networks failed to simultaneously extract inter-feature interaction and geometric information. In this paper, we propose a novel point cloud analysis module, CGR-block, which mainly uses two units to learn point cloud features: correlated feature extractor and geometric feature fusion.

Peptide-Based Capture of Chikungunya Virus E2 Protein Using Porous Silicon Biosensor.

The detection of pathogens presents specific challenges in ensuring that biosensors remain operable despite exposure to elevated temperatures or other extreme conditions. The most vulnerable component of a biosensor is typically the bioreceptor. Accordingly, the robustness of peptides as bioreceptors offers improved stability and reliability toward harsh environments compared to monoclonal antibodies that may lose their ability to bind target molecules after such exposures.

A novel therapy for granulomatous lobular mastitis: Local heat therapy.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic inflammatory breast condition that is characterized by granulomatous inflammation. GLM remains a refractory disease due to its failure to respond to routine anti-inflammatory therapies and its high recurrence rate. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the application of local heat therapy in GLM as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Direct Observation and Control of Surface Termination in Perovskite Oxide Heterostructures.

Interfacial behavior of quantum materials leads to emergent phenomena such as quantum phase transitions and metastable functional phases. Probes for and real time surface-sensitive characterization are critical for control during epitaxial synthesis of heterostructures. Termination switching in complex oxides has been studied using a variety of probes, often ; however, direct observation of this phenomena during growth is rare.