Amorphous monolayer CuPd catalysts for selective semihydrogenation.

The unique structural configuration of amorphous nanomaterials, characterized by their disordered atomic arrangements, highly exposed active sites, and isotropic homogeneity, enables exceptional catalytic performance that bridges the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. In this work, an amorphous CuPd catalyst was fabricated through incorporating Cu ions into the disordered Pd lattice, creating an amorphous monolayer architecture with engineered hydrogen transport pathways. The precisely modulated atomic/electronic configuration optimizes the adsorption configuration and bonding strength between substrate/intermediates and catalysts surfaces.

Mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated hepatocyte senescence is involved in cholestatic liver injury.

Cholestatic liver injury is caused by cholestasis, which is accompanied by hepatic cell dysfunction. Cellular senescence refers to a permanent arrest of cell division and a decline in metabolic activity, without a clear role in the process of cholestatic liver injury. Here, in the liver tissue of patients with cholestatic liver diseases, we found an increased proportion of hepatic cells with senescence marker P21 expression in Fibrosis stage 4 (F4) patients when compared with F1/2 patients.

Organic full-color narrowband afterglow.

Developing a facile and universally applicable strategy to achieve organic full-color narrowband afterglow (OFNA) is highly desirable, as it meets the strategic demands for low-cost and high-color-purity displays in flexible electronics. Here, OFNA is achieved through a general protocol involving the mixing, melting, and cooling of panchromatic boron-nitrogen-containing multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with a host matrix, tri(2-methylphenyl)phosphine oxide (TTPO), followed by photoactivation. The emission peaks of OFNA range from 468 to 669 nm, with full-width at half-maximum values of ≤0.

Revealing the Ferroelectric Fatigue Pathways in HfO₂ Film.

Hafnium oxide (HfO₂) has emerged as a transformative material for next-generation non-volatile memory technologies due to its unique ability to exhibit ferroelectricity in ultrathin films. Its practical application is critically hindered by polarization fatigue and depolarization phenomena, while the inherent complexity of these transitions between ferroelectric and paraelectric state in HfO₂ has posed significant challenges. Here, symmetry analysis and with first-principles calculations is leveraged to systematically explore all potential transition pathways from the ferroelectric oIII/oIV phases to the paraelectric mI/mII phases.

Full-color processible afterglow organic small molecular glass.

Organic afterglow materials, known for their unique luminescent properties and diverse applications, have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, developing long-lasting, high-efficiency, full-color afterglow systems and exploring simple materials processing strategies for new applications are still challenging in this field. Herein, we rationally design a processable molecular glass and employ it as a host in a host-guest strategy to address these challenges.

Mapping of the full polarization switching pathways for HfO and its implications.

The discovery of ferroelectric phases in HfO offers insights into ferroelectricity. Its unique fluorite structure and complex polarization switching pathways exhibit distinct characteristics, challenging conventional analysis methods. Combining group theory and first-principles calculations, we identify numerous unconventional electric polarization switching pathways in HfO with energy barriers of 0.

Advanced liver fibrosis, but not MASLD, is associated with accelerated biological aging: a population-based study.

Background: The process of biological aging in patients diagnosed with chronic liver disease remains unclear.

Aim: The current study aims to investigate if there is an accelerated biological aging process in participants with advanced fibrosis (AF) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: Data from the 2017-2018 NHANES cycle were analyzed.

Cocrystallization-Induced Red Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence.

Organic cocrystals formed through multicomponent self-assembly have attracted significant interest owing to their clear structure and tunable optical properties. However, most cocrystal systems suffer from inefficient long-wavelength emission and low phosphorescence efficiency due to strong non-radiative processes governed by the energy gap law. Herein, an efficient long-lived red afterglow is achieved using a pyrene (Py) cocrystal system incorporating a second component (NPYC4) with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) properties.

Nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon.

Monoatomic-layered carbon materials, such as graphene and amorphous monolayer carbon, have stimulated intense fundamental and applied research owing to their unprecedented physical properties and a wide range of promising applications. So far, such materials have mainly been produced by chemical vapour deposition, which typically requires stringent reaction conditions compared to solution-phase synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate the solution preparation of free-standing nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon with mixed five-, six- and seven-membered (5-6-7-membered) rings through the polymerization of pyrrole within the confined interlayer cavity of a removable layered-double-hydroxide template.

Global health diplomacy in humanitarian action.

This commentary explores the intersection of Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) and humanitarian action within Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) contexts. It aims at addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by communities living in these environments, where a convergence of multiple factors, including over 110 active armed conflicts, creates complex emergencies impact on large populations globally. This commentary holds three primary significances: 1)  it scrutinizes the profound and enduring health consequences of major humanitarian crises on last-mile populations, highlighting the pivotal role of health diplomacy for better navigating humanitarian challenges; 2) it advocates for a paradigm shift in humanitarian approaches, recognizing GHD's potential in shaping international cooperation, building consensus on inclusive global health policies, and enabling more effective interventions; 3) it underscores the operational impact of health diplomacy, both at diplomatic tables and on the frontlines of humanitarian efforts.

Elevated serum neurofilament light chain levels are associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.

Increasing evidences implicate vital role of neuronal damage in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is the main frame component of neurons and is closely related to axonal radial growth and neuronal structural stability. We hypothesized that NfL as a biomarker of axonal injury may contribute to early diagnosis of HE.

Isostructural doping for organic persistent mechanoluminescence.

Mechanoluminescence, featuring light emission triggered by mechanical stimuli, holds immense promise for diverse applications. However, most organic Mechanoluminescence materials suffer from short-lived luminescence, limiting their practical applications. Herein, we report isostructural doping as a valuable strategy to address this challenge.

MitoQ protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte ferroptosis and acute liver injury by suppressing mtROS-mediated ACSL4 upregulation.

Ferroptosis has been shown to be involved in carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). The mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant MitoQ can eliminate the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). This study investigated the role of MitoQ in CCl-induced hepatocytic ferroptosis and ALI.

Circumventing the Theoretical Scaling Relation Limit for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Transition metal hydr(oxy)oxides (TMHs) are considered efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions. Toward identification of potential descriptors to circumvent the scaling relation limit for the OER, first-principles calculations were used to quantify the effects on the overpotential of different s (Mg), p (Al), and d (Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Sc, and Zn) electron dopants in Ni-based TMHs. Both the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM) were examined.

Generalized Rapid Synthesis of Supported Nanocluster Catalyst for Mild Hydrogenation of Phenol toward KA Oil.

Homogeneous and nanometric metal clusters with unique electronic structures are promising for catalysis, however, common synthesis techniques for metal clusters suffer from large size and even metal nanocrystals attributing to their high surface energy and unsaturated configurations. Herein, a generalized rapid annealing strategy for synthesizing a series of supported metal clusters as superior catalysts is developed. Remarkably, TiO supported platinum nanoclusters (Pt NC/TiO ) exhibits the excellent catalytic activity to realize phenol hydrogenation under mild conditions.

Comparison of the effects of probiotics, rifaximin, and lactulose in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and gut microbiota.

Background: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is an early stage in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and has become an important therapeutic target. Since there is no unified treatment principle for MHE, this study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of different intestinal microecological modulators in the treatment of MHE, and to explore the potential mechanism through intestinal microbiota analysis.

Hybrid Lamellar Superlattices with Monoatomic Platinum Layers and Programmable Organic Ligands.

Compared with layered materials such as graphite and transitional metal dichalcogenides with highly anisotropic in-plane covalent bonds, freestanding metallic two-dimensional (2D) films with atomic thickness are intrinsically more difficult to achieve. The omnidirectional nature of typical metallic bonds prevents the formation of highly anisotropic atomically thin metallic layers. Herein, we report a ligand regulation strategy to stabilize monoatomic platinum layers by forming a unique lamellar superlattice structure with self-assembled organic ligand layers.

Realizing Two-Electron Transfer in Ni(OH) Nanosheets for Energy Storage.

The theoretical capacity of a given electrode material is ultimately determined by the number of electrons transferred in each redox center. The design of multi-electron transfer processes could break through the limitation of one-electron transfer and multiply the total capacity but is difficult to achieve because multiple electron transfer processes are generally thermodynamically and kinetically more complex. Here, we report the discovery of two-electron transfer in monolayer Ni(OH) nanosheets, which contrasts with the traditional one-electron transfer found in multilayer materials.

Biosynthesis of a New Fusaoctaxin Virulence Factor in Relies on a Distinct Path To Form a Guanidinoacetyl Starter Unit Priming Nonribosomal Octapeptidyl Assembly.

is a pathogenic fungus causing huge economic losses worldwide via crop infection leading to yield reduction and grain contamination. The process through which the fungal invasion occurs remains poorly understood. We recently characterized fusaoctaxin A in , where this octapeptide virulence factor results from an assembly line encoded in , a gene cluster proved to be involved in fungal pathogenicity and host adaptation.

Preparation of Graphene Oxide/LaTiO Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Performances for Supercapacitors.

A series of graphene oxide (GO)/lanthanum titanate (LaTiO LTO) fiber composites were prepared through a hydrothermal method. The LTO fibers were homogeneously dispersed between the GO sheets. The structure and micromorphology of the GO/LTO composites were systematically studied.

The upregulation of Nur77 decreases ketamine-induced hippocampal neurons toxicity in rats.

Ketamine is clinically used as a narcotic. However, ketamine has certain deficits and produces toxicity to neurons. As a member of the NR4A receptor subfamily, Nur77 decreases neurodegenerative disorders.

Correction: NocU is a cytochrome P450 oxygenase catalyzing -hydroxylation of the indolic moiety during the maturation of the thiopeptide antibiotics nocathiacins.

Correction for 'NocU is a cytochrome P450 oxygenase catalyzing -hydroxylation of the indolic moiety during the maturation of the thiopeptide antibiotics nocathiacins' by Heng Guo , , 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01284c.

NocU is a cytochrome P450 oxygenase catalyzing -hydroxylation of the indolic moiety during the maturation of the thiopeptide antibiotics nocathiacins.

The ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products include the family of thiopeptide antibiotics, where nocathiacins (NOCs) and nosiheptide (NOS) are structurally related bicyclic members featuring an indolic moiety within the side ring system. Compared with NOS, NOCs bear additional functionalities that lead to the improvement of water solubility and bioavailability, a problem inherent to most of the thiopeptide antibiotics, and thus hold potential for clinical use in anti-infective agent development. The process through which post-translational modifications (PTMs) occur to afford these functionalities remains unclear.