Long-Term Wildfire Smoke Exposure and Increased Risk of Heart Failure in Older Adults.

Background: Fine particulate matter, defined as particles <2.5 μm in diameter (PM), is the most important environmental risk factor for global mortality. Wildfires have been increasing globally, posing a global health challenge.

Fire Smoke Elevated the Carbonaceous PM Concentration and Mortality Burden in the Contiguous U.S. and Southern Canada.

Despite emerging evidence on the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM) from wildland fire smoke, the specific effects of PM composition on health outcomes remain uncertain. We developed a three-level, chemical transport model-based framework to estimate daily full-coverage concentrations of smoke-derived carbonaceous PM, specifically organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), at a 1 × 1 km spatial resolution from 2002 to 2019 across the contiguous U.S.

Efficient electrocatalytic hydrogenation of guaiacol via construction of electron-rich platinum active centers through alloying.

The electrocatalytic conversion of lignin model compounds into high-value chemicals represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. In this study, a PtRuCo alloy catalyst was synthesized through a simple, cost-effective electrodeposition method. This catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in the mild and efficient electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of guaiacol, achieving an impressive 84.

Long-term exposure to smoke PM and COPD caused mortality for elderly people in the contiguous United States.

Wildfire events in the US are becoming more frequent and more intensive due to climate change. Fire smoke can significantly contribute to ambient PM (PM, particles smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter) levels and alter its chemical composition.

Modeling Time-varying Dispersion to Improve Estimation of the Short-term Health Effect of Environmental Exposure in a Time-series Design.

Background: Time-series models for count outcomes are routinely used to estimate short-term health effects of environmental exposures. The dispersion parameter is universally assumed to be constant over the study period.

Objective: The aim is to examine whether dispersion depends on time-varying covariates in a case study of emergency department visits in Atlanta during 1999-2009 and to evaluate approaches for addressing time-varying dispersion.

Wildfires are associated with increased emergency department visits for anxiety disorders in the western United States.

As wildfires increasingly impact the global economy and public health, understanding their effects is crucial. Particularly, the relationship between wildfires and anxiety disorders remains unclear. In this study, we explore this association by analyzing 1,897,865 emergency department visits for anxiety disorders in the western United States.

Improving the Monophenolic Yield of Lignin Depolymerization in Dualistic Aprotic Solvent System by Organic Solvent Fractionation.

Converting lignin into aromatic chemicals is a promising strategy for the high-value utilization of lignocellulosic feedstock. However, the inherent heterogeneity of lignin poses a significant obstacle to achieving efficient conversion and optimal product yields within bio-refinery systems. Herein, we employed a one-step fractionation method to enhance lignin homogeneity and utilized the THF/DMSO-EtONa (tetrahydrofuran/dimethyl sulfoxide-sodium ethoxide) system to depolymerize the fractionated lignin.

Copper-coordinated nanoassemblies based on photosensitizer-chemo prodrugs and checkpoint inhibitors for enhanced apoptosis-cuproptosis and immunotherapy.

Cuproptosis is a recently identified copper-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death and holds great prospect in cancer treatment. One of the most intriguing aspects of cuproptosis is its ability to synergize with apoptosis-based cancer treatments. Herein, we presented a novel approach using copper-coordinated nanoassemblies (CCNAs) that were constructed by incorporating a photosensitizer Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc)-chemotherapeutic (DOX) prodrug with a thioketal (TK) spacer and an IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan, 1-MT) as building blocks for Cu-coordination self-assembly to achieve combinational apoptosis-cuproptosis and immunotherapy.

Wildland Fires Worsened Population Exposure to PM Pollution in the Contiguous United States.

As wildland fires become more frequent and intense, fire smoke has significantly worsened the ambient air quality, posing greater health risks. To better understand the impact of wildfire smoke on air quality, we developed a modeling system to estimate daily PM concentrations attributed to both fire smoke and nonsmoke sources across the contiguous U.S.

Finite element analysis of the temperature distribution within a Conduction-Cooled, MgB-based MRI superconducting coil segment.

Superconducting magnets used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners need to keep temperature gradients minimized in order to retain thermal and operating current margin. We have used 3D finite element analysis (FEA) simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics software that includes both conductive heat transfer and radiative heating to calculate the temperature distribution both along the winding direction and across the cross-section of an MRI segment coil at its equilibrium operating temperature. We have also modelled the evolution of the thermal properties during cool-down from ambient temperature.

Wildfire worsens population exposure to PM2.5 pollution in the Continental United States.

As wildfires become more frequent and intense, fire smoke has significantly worsened ambient air quality, posing greater health risks. To better understand the impact of wildfire smoke on air quality, we developed a modeling system to estimate daily PM concentrations attributed to both fire smoke and non-smoke sources across the Continental U.S.

Association of Wildfire Exposure While Recovering From Lung Cancer Surgery With Overall Survival.

Importance: With a changing climate, wildfire activity in the US has increased dramatically, presenting multifaceted and compounding health hazards. Individuals discharged from the hospital following surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are potentially at higher risk from wildfires' health hazards.

Objective: To assess the association between wildfire exposure and postoperative long-term overall survival among patients with lung cancer in the US.

Erythropoietin-mediated IL-17 F attenuates sepsis-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction.

Septic gut damage is critical in the progression of sepsis and multiple organ failure, characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis and epithelium deficiency in the gut barrier. Recent studies highlight the protective effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) on multiple organs. The present study found that EPO treatment significantly alleviated the survival rate, suppressed inflammatory responses, and ameliorated intestine damage in mice with sepsis.

Microplastic exposure induces muscle growth but reduces meat quality and muscle physiological function in chickens.

Microplastic (MP) pollution has become one of the global environmental concerns, but the contamination and effect of MP on chicken skeletal muscle are scarcely researched. Here, we found MP contamination in the chicken skeletal muscles, which were directly collected from a large-scale chicken farm. Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Agilent 8700 laser direct infrared imaging spectrometer, we found that polystyrene (PS) and polyamide are the significant type of MPs detected in chicken skeletal muscle.

Protectin Conjugates in Tissue Regeneration 1 Inhibits Macrophage Pyroptosis by Restricting NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly to Mitigate Sepsis via the cAMP-PKA Pathway.

Protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) is a novel anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid. Excessive activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and consequent pyroptosis are involved in diverse inflammatory diseases. However, how PCTR1 affects NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis are still unclear.

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Pathways Related to Proliferation and Differentiation of Shitou Goose Myoblasts.

Chinese Shitou goose is a type of large goose with high meat yield. Understanding the genetic regulation of muscle development in Shitou goose would be beneficial to improve the meat production traits of geese. Muscle development is regulated by genes related to myoblast proliferation and differentiation.

FABP7 inhibits proliferation and invasion abilities of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells via the Notch signaling pathway.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common non-melanoma skin cancers worldwide. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) has been reported to be involved in the occurrence, development, metastasis and prognosis of various tumors. In addition, downregulated FABP7 expression was demonstrated in cutaneous malignant melanoma in a previous study.

Enhancement of and in bulk MgB superconductors with SnO Additions.

Three (MgB) (SnO) samples with ranging from 0 to 5 wt% were prepared by the route to study the effect of tin dioxide additions on the superconducting properties of MgB bulk materials. All of the reacted samples were slightly Mg deficient although the starting Mg:B precursor powder ratio was 1:2. A heat treatment (HT) temperature of 700 °C with a dwell time of 30 min was used.