Maternal polystyrene nanoplastics suppress zebrafish offspring development and locomotion through mitochondrial dysfunction.

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystem, posing growing threats to ecosystem health. Maternal transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) is known to impair offspring development, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these transgenerational effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which maternal PS-NPs exposure disrupts embryonic development and locomotion in zebrafish offspring, with a specific focus on mitochondrial dysfunction.

Correlation between radiologic feature and spread through air space in lung solid adenocarcinoma 30.0 mm or less in maximum diameter.

Purpose: Tumor spread through air space (STAS) is recognized as an important prognostic indicator for lung cancer patients. However, few studies have focused on radiologic features for predicting STAS in patients with small solid lung adenocarcinomas 30.0 mm or less in maximum diameter.

Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptanes via Pyridine-Boronyl Radical-Catalyzed [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition.

Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes (BCHeps) are essential polycyclic compounds in many natural products and pharmaceutical molecules.

Photocatalytic HO Production with a Nearly 2% Solar-to-Chemical Conversion Efficiency via a Dedicated Construction of Redox Centers in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a green oxidant widely used in a variety of industries. Photocatalytic generation of HO from water and oxygen by sunlight is an appealing strategy compared to the high energy consumption of the industrial anthraquinone process. However, the low activity and selectivity of the two-step single-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during the photocatalytic process greatly restricts the HO production efficiency.

Comparison of chest radiograph and surface measurement to predict cavoatrial junction position of totally implantable venous-access port.

Background: Accurately predicting cavoatrial junction (CAJ) position is important for totally implantable venous-access port (TIVAP) application, which could reduce complications.

Methods: Clinical information of 117 breast cancer (BRCA) patients who underwent TIVAP implantation was collected. The length of the implanted catheter was determined by a chest radiograph method in the test group, as follows: total catheter insertion length was L, and the distance from the pre-puncture point to the right sternoclavicular joint was measured as L1; the distance from the right sternoclavicular joint to 1.

Efficacy and safety of hydromorphone caudal block combined with intercostal nerve block during VATS: a single-center randomized controlled study.

Background: The management of post-operative pain while minimizing opioid use remains challenging in thoracic surgery. While intercostal nerve blocks are commonly used, the optimal multimodal approach remains unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate whether adding hydromorphone caudal blockade to intercostal nerve blocks improves post-operative recovery outcomes in thoracic surgery patients.

Gradient-structured directional porous floatable aerogels for effective solar-driven hydrogen production and steam generation.

Solar-driven reaction technology offers a promising route to clean energy generation and sustainable development. Despite significant advancements in photocatalysts and photothermal materials, challenges remain in device structural design, including insufficient light utilization, slow water transport, and inefficient gas separation. Here, we design a floatable cellulose nanofiber aerogel featuring a gradient-structured directional porous architecture to address these challenges.

Enhancing fibroblast-based bone regeneration by harnessing nanosecond pulsed electric field.

Despite their terminally differentiated state, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) can undergo osteogenic differentiation in vivo under certain pathological conditions, making them promising candidates for bone tissue engineering-though replicating this in vitro would be difficult. Building on prior findings that low-intensity (5 kV/cm) nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) can partially reprogram HDFs toward pluripotency and boost their osteogenic capacity, an in vivo bone regeneration complex was fabricated by encapsulating nsPEF-treated cells in a self-healing hydrogel composed of oxidized hyaluronic acid and hydroxypropyl chitosan. In nude mice, these HDFs produced more robust ectopic bone both subcutaneously and within cranial defects, with significantly higher histological scores than untreated controls.

Associations between monthly temperature anomalies and mortality among children younger than five years in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: This study examined associations between anomalous temperatures and under-five mortality (U5M) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Between 1998 and 2019, data were collected on 1,745,132 live births across 56 LMICs. The median age was 27.

Spatiotemporal variability in drivers of grassland degradation and recovery under economic transformation in Mongolia.

Over the past few decades, grasslands in countries traditionally reliant on livestock industry have faced dual pressures from climate change and economic transformation driven by international market demands. However, understanding on the spatiotemporal variability of grassland change drivers remains insufficient, hindering the formulation of effective strategies for mitigating grassland degradation. This study conducted a comparative analysis on grassland degradation and recovery in Mongolia over two time periods (2000-2010 and 2000-2020) by integrating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Net Primary Productivity (NPP).

Aloe-emodin provides dual protection against largemouth bass virus via antiviral activity and host immune enhancement.

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a common pathogen in aquaculture, and with no approved therapies to curb its transmission or mortality, it has caused substantial economic losses to the largemouth bass farming industry. Here, we demonstrate that aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone, exhibits potent antiviral activity against LMBV in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, AE (10 mg/L) suppressed viral replication by 91.

Galla Chinensis as an antiviral agent: Targeting Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus infection.

Being a major pathogen affecting the health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) aquaculture, Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) causes significant economic losses. Galla chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses diverse biological activities, including antiviral properties. This study evaluated the role of Galla chinensis in MSRV infection in vitro and investigated its mechanism of action.

Mapping the association between environmental pollutants and steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Environmental pollution poses increasing threats to public health, particularly in metabolic disorders. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is characterized by metabolic dysfunctions of the liver and affects over one-third of the global population. However, whether exposure to environmental pollutants would increase the risk of SLD remains poorly understood.

Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Oxygenated Ketones via Organocatalytic Formal O-H Bond Insertion of Sulfonium Ylides.

Described here is an example of organocatalytic enantioselective formal O-H bond insertion of α-carbonyl sulfur ylides, providing efficient access to highly enantioenriched ketones bearing a tertiary α-oxygenated stereocenter. This metal-free approach is complementary to the well-established metal-based diazo carbonyl chemistry, which has gained broad success for esters but not for ketones. The proper choice of a chiral thiourea catalyst in combination with -hydroxyl phthalimides proved to be crucial to success.

Three-dimensional hierarchical porous P,O co-doped pinecone biochar for tetracycline removal: behavior and mechanism.

Tetracycline (TC) presents significant risks to the human health and has the potential to cause substantial harm to ecological systems due to its excessive utilization. However, carbon-based materials have attracted considerable interest for their efficacy in removing TC from aquatic environments. In this study, phosphorus and oxygen co-doped pinecone biochar (po-PBC) with a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous architecture was synthesized and employed for the adsorption of TC.

Exploring the metabolic signaling network of GFPT in cancer.

Metabolic homeostasis is essential for cellular function in living organisms. In cancer cells, metabolic processes are reprogrammed to meet the energy demands and biosynthetic needs for rapid growth. This reprogramming enhances nutrient flux through the glycolytic pathway, supporting ATP production and branching into pathways that synthesize macromolecules required for cell proliferation.

Identification of novel protein biomarkers of macrophage polarization using comparative proteomic analyses of murine primary macrophages.

Macrophages comprise the first line of host responses against injury and pathogens and therefore are critically engaged in tissue repair, host defense, and homeostasis maintenance. Depending on the surrounding microenvironment, macrophages polarize into a wide spectrum of immunophenotypes with 2 extreme opposite ends-proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2. Elucidating the biochemical bases of distinct macrophage immunophenotypes, as well as discriminating between these phenotypes, are paramount to understanding the contributions of macrophage subpopulations to health and diseases.

Notch signaling in diabetic kidney disease: recent progress.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The number of affected patients is increasing annually worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new strategies to treat DKD and improve prognosis.

Bias in the estimated association between all-cause mortality and long-term exposure to a specific chemical component of fine particulate matter: The example of black carbon.

Introduction: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked to many adverse health outcomes, which can vary significantly depending on the chemical profile of the PM. However, many meta-analyses of the health effects of a specific component of PM have ignored the effects of other components, leading to omitted variable bias (OVB). This study developed a new method to address this problem and conducted a simulation using black carbon (BC) as an example.

Dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation mitigates intestinal and systemic inflammation induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 infection in broiler chickens.

The development of non-antibiotic agents to control avian colibacillosis has become urgent work. Probiotics Enterococcus faecium strains are promising antibiotic alternatives to combat pathogen infection. This study investigated the protective efficacy and action mechanism of dietary probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 (E.

A Contrastive Representation Learning Method for Event Classification in Φ-OTDR Systems.

The phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) system has shown substantial potential in distributed acoustic sensing applications. Accurate event classification is crucial for effective deployment of Φ-OTDR systems, and various methods have been proposed for event classification in Φ-OTDR systems. However, most existing methods typically rely on sufficient labeled signal data for model training, which poses a major bottleneck in applying these methods due to the expensive and laborious process of labeling extensive data.

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Chiral Tetraarylmethanes from 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzyl Alcohols.

Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of chiral tetraarylmethanes has been achieved via the formal substitution of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzyl alcohols. With the aid of chiral phosphoric acid, 2,4'-biphenyl quinone methides were formed in situ from α-functionalized alcohols, followed by stereoselective 1,8-addition of 2-arylpyrroles to give the target tetraarylmethanes in 72-96% yields with 75-95% ee. Density functional theory calculations elucidate the reaction mechanism, both revealing the origin of enantioselectivity and identifying the rate-determining step.

Effects of fractional diffraction on nonlinear phase transitions and stability of dark solitons and vortices.

The wave propagation under the action of fractional diffraction has recently drawn increasing attention in nonlinear optics. Here, we address the effect of fractional diffraction on the existence, phase transitions, and stability of dark solitons (DSs) and vortices in parity-time () symmetric graded-index waveguide with self-defocusing nonlinearity. The DSs and vortices are produced by numerical solution of the corresponding one- and two-dimensional fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

A facile photonics reconfigurable memristor with dynamically allocated neurons and synapses functions.

The dynamic neural network function realized by reconfigurable memristors to implement artificial neurons and synapses is an effective method to complete the next generation of neuromorphic computing. However, due to the limitation of reconfiguration conditions, there are inconsistencies in the turn-on voltage and operating current before and after the reconfiguration of neuromorphic devices, which leads to huge difficulties in hardware application development and is an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, we introduced light as a regulatory means in the memristor and achieved the reconfiguration of volatile (endurance ~10 cycles) and non-volatile (retention ~10 s) characteristics with a unified working parameter through the photoelectric coupling mode.