Pancancer outcome prediction via a unified weakly supervised deep learning model.

Accurate prognosis prediction is essential for guiding cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes. While recent studies have demonstrated the potential of histopathological images in survival analysis, existing models are typically developed in a cancer-specific manner, lack extensive external validation, and often rely on molecular data that are not routinely available in clinical practice. To address these limitations, we present PROGPATH, a unified model capable of integrating histopathological image features with routinely collected clinical variables to achieve pancancer prognosis prediction.

Downregulated miR-199a-3p in Preeclamptic Placenta-derived Exosomes from Cord Blood Hinders VEGF-induced Fetal Glomerular Dysplasia Through Inhibiting Akt1(S473) Phosphorylation via Targeting PHLPP2.

Background: Preeclampsia is amultisystem disorder involving in inflammatory responses and metabolic dysfunction of maternal-fetal circulation. Recently, researchers found it threatens renal health of offspring in adulthood. Growing evidence indicated chronic kidney disease is associated with glomeruli deficiencies during intrauterine development.

Quercetin Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway Activation.

Cadmium, a toxic heavy metals that would cause lung tissue damage and structural alterations via oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This study was designed to investigate the protective function and its potential mechanism of quercetin against cadmium-induced acute lung injury. Rat and BEAS-2B cell models of CdCl-induced ALI were established, and the apoptotic and proliferative activities of tissue cells, inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the expression of key proteins in the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and mitochondrial membrane potential were examined using Immunohistochemistry, TUNEL, CCK8, ELISA, Western blot, and flow cytometry to evaluate the therapeutic effect of quercetin.

A Simple Algorithm to Suppress Diagonal Peaks in High-Resolution Homonuclear Chemical Shift Correlation NMR Spectra.

Previous experimental strategies aimed at completely suppressing diagonal peaks in NMR homonuclear correlation spectra often resulted in reduced sensitivity for cross peaks. In this work, we report a spectral shearing approach that transforms diagonal peaks along the diagonal axis of a homonuclear correlation spectrum into a zero-frequency line in the indirect dimension. This allows for effective extraction and substantial suppression of diagonal peaks using a recently proposed data processing algorithm based on quadrature-detected spin-echo diagonal peak suppression.

Heterogeneity in prognosis for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A multicenter analysis of 4,623 patients across five major staging systems.

Background & Aims: Multiple staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have led to heterogeneous definitions of "early-stage" disease, potentially affecting treatment decisions and outcomes. This study aimed to quantify the prognostic variations among patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for "early-stage" HCC, as defined by five major staging systems.

Methods: In this multicenter study, 4623 patients who underwent curative resection for newly diagnosed HCC (2014-2023) across 11 tertiary hospitals were analyzed.

Global, regional, and national epidemiology of childhood epilepsy from 1990 to 2021: a systematic study based on the GBD 2021.

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders in children, imposing a substantial global disease burden characterized by neurodevelopmental impairments, premature mortality, and heightened socioeconomic costs. This study aimed to evaluate the global incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with childhood epilepsy from 1990 to 2021, identify key risk factors, and assess differences between regions and countries, while also predicting the global disease burden associated with childhood epilepsy up to 2035.

Method: This epidemiological analysis utilized cross-sectional data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) to systematically investigate childhood epilepsy trends among individuals aged 0-14 years across 204 global jurisdictions over the period 1990-2021.

Surface Temperature Assisted State of Charge Estimation for Retired Power Batteries.

Accurate State of Charge (SOC) estimation for retired power batteries remains a critical challenge due to their degraded electrochemical properties and heterogeneous aging mechanisms. Traditional methods relying solely on electrical parameters (e.g.

Balancing Innovation and Safety: Prediction, Prevention, and Management of Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Novel Anti-Cancer Agents.

Pneumonitis is characterized as inflammation of the lung parenchyma, and a potential adverse effect of several anti-cancer therapies. Diagnosing pneumonitis can be particularly challenging in lung cancer patients due to inherent similarities in symptoms and radiological presentation associated with pneumonitis, as well as other common conditions such as infection or disease progression. Furthermore, many lung cancer patients have underlying pulmonary conditions that might render them more susceptible to severe or fatal outcomes from pneumonitis.

Co-phasing of the James Webb Space Telescope-like space segmented telescope by neural network wavefront reconstruction.

High-precision piston detection over a large range is the key to the phasing of segmented optical systems. In this paper, a large-range piston error detection method based on an artificial neural network is proposed. By establishing a compound attention mechanism and introducing a multilayer perceptron convolution layer, the network can quickly and accurately learn the key features of high-throughput light-intensity images of dispersed fringe patterns and narrowband far-field spot patterns during training, thereby accurately mapping grayscale images to multi-piston error values.

A facile photonics reconfigurable memristor with dynamically allocated neurons and synapses functions.

The dynamic neural network function realized by reconfigurable memristors to implement artificial neurons and synapses is an effective method to complete the next generation of neuromorphic computing. However, due to the limitation of reconfiguration conditions, there are inconsistencies in the turn-on voltage and operating current before and after the reconfiguration of neuromorphic devices, which leads to huge difficulties in hardware application development and is an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, we introduced light as a regulatory means in the memristor and achieved the reconfiguration of volatile (endurance ~10 cycles) and non-volatile (retention ~10 s) characteristics with a unified working parameter through the photoelectric coupling mode.

3DCOMPAT: An Improved Large-scale 3D Vision Dataset for Compositional Recognition.

In this work, we present 3DCOMPAT, a multimodal 2D/3D dataset with 160 million rendered views of more than 10 million stylized 3D shapes carefully annotated at the partinstance level, alongside matching RGB point clouds, 3D textured meshes, depth maps, and segmentation masks. 3DCOMPAT ++ covers 42 shape categories, 275 fine-grained part categories, and 293 fine-grained material classes that can be compositionally applied to parts of 3D objects. We render a subset of one million stylized shapes from four equally spaced views as well as four randomized views, leading to a total of 160 million renderings.

A Comparative Analysis of Orthodontic Medical Education and Physician Training Models: China Versus America and European Countries.

Introduction: With the improvement of living standards and increasing aesthetic demands, the need for highly skilled orthodontic professionals is on the rise. China is continuously improving its medical education models to cultivate excellent orthodontic physicians. This study systematically reviews the current status of orthodontic medical education and physician training models in China, America and European countries, reveals core differences through multidimensional comparisons and proposes optimised pathways for reform in China while exploring goals and directions for deepening educational innovation.

Association between thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters and the prevalence and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of chronic kidney disease: a population-based study.

Background: To evaluate the relationship between thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and furtherly explore the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with CKD using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012.

Methods: This study included 8,526 adults, including 1,625 patients with CKD. Thyroid function included serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Gut microbiome and peritoneal inflammation: a new perspective on peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.

Background: Gut microbiome disorders and intestinal barrier damage were found in peritonitis. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiome in PDAP and explore its correlation with intra-abdominal inflammation.

Real-world experience on efficacy and safety of different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of various adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) regimens for treating locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods And Analysis: In this retrospective study, the patients received either intravenous AC regimens (cisplatin-fluorouracil (PF) or cisplatin-gemcitabine (GP)) or oral regimens (capecitabine or tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsule (S-1)) following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Gout Diagnosis From Ultrasound Images Using a Patch-Wise Attention Deep Network.

Objectives: The rising global prevalence of gout necessitates advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Ultrasonographic imaging of the foot has become an important diagnostic modality for gout because of its non-invasiveness, cost-effectiveness, and real-time imaging capabilities. This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model for automated gout diagnosis using ultrasound images.

Baicalein and Berberine Inhibit the Growth and Virulence of .

is a leading pathogen involved in healthcare-associated diarrhea. With its increasing incidence, mortality, and antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to address the infection and prevent its recurrence. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, but its main active ingredient is not known.

TRAP1 Improves Diabetic Retinopathy by Preserving Mitochondrial Function.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is pivotal in early diabetic retinopathy (DR). Tumor necrosis factor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a mitochondrial chaperone regulating stress responses, remains unexplored in DR pathogenesis.

Methods: We established in vivo and in vitro models of DR.

Broad-Spectrum Virus Elimination by Nasal Mucosa-Colonized Wild-Type .

Outbreaks and the widespread prevalence of porcine respiratory infectious diseases have led to substantial economic losses worldwide. In this study, epidemiological surveillance revealed lower viral detection in association with an increased abundance of in pigs with outdoor access; thus, NS12, a strain with enhanced mucosal colonization and superior broad-spectrum antiviral activity, was isolated from the nasal mucosa of these pigs for further investigation. This mechanistic study revealed that the antiviral efficacy of NS12 is primarily attributed to bioactive metabolites, including a novel surfactin with high safety and antiviral activity and piceatannol, a potent antioxidant molecule.

Towards complete suppression of diagonal peaks in solid-state MAS NMR homonuclear chemical shift correlation spectra.

The feasibility of applying the spin-echo based diagonal peak suppression method in solid-state MAS NMR homonuclear chemical shift correlation experiments is demonstrated. A complete phase cycling is designed to generate sine- and cosine-modulations of the chemical shift difference between the spin-diffused signals, enabling the quadrature detection in the indirect dimension. Meanwhile, all signals not involved in polarization transfer are refocused at the center of the indirect dimension.

Tumor metabolome remolded by low dose mitochondrial uncoupler elicites robust CD8 T cell response.

Tumor cells balance ATP production and carbon skeleton synthesis by flexibly altering catabolic pathways to sustain their significant growth advantage. Uncouplers have shown potential for tumor suppression by converting chemical energy from catabolism into heat. However, their use may be limited due to indiscriminate metabolic interference in both tumor and normal cells, as well as the uncertainty surrounding their effects on the immune microenvironment.

Large sparse aperture telescope wavefront sensing and control via pretrained neural network with attention module.

The ability to detect pistons with high accuracy over a wide range is paramount to the co-phasing of sparse aperture optical systems. This paper proposes a global piston error modulation method for sparse aperture mirrors based on convolutional neural networks. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by the introduction of a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) with a data generalization mechanism, which facilitates the rapid and accurate learning of key features from actual co-phasing sensor images.

Low Energy Consumption Photoelectric Memristors with Multi-Level Linear Conductance Modulation in Artificial Visual Systems Application.

Optical synapses have an ability to perceive and remember visual information, making them expected to provide more intelligent and efficient visual solutions for humans. As a new type of artificial visual sensory devices, photoelectric memristors can fully simulate synaptic performance and have great prospects in the development of biological vision. However, due to the urgent problems of nonlinear conductance and high-energy consumption, its further application in high-precision control scenarios and integration is hindered.

N-palmitoyl glycine mediates depression-associated atrial fibrillation via Man1a2-dependent autophagy and NRAP dysregulation.

Aims: Although many large-scale clinical studies have confirmed that depression is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of depression-associated AF.

Methods And Results: The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression was established.

Multiple bound states in the continuum in a grating-slab-coupled structure.

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are a special type of resonant state that remains localized even when coexisting with the radiation continuum. Owing to their different formation mechanisms, BICs are generally classified into symmetry-protected BIC (SP-BIC) at the Γ point (the Brillouin zone center with a zero wavevector), accidental BIC (A-BIC) and Friedrich-Wintgen BIC (FW-BIC) at the off-Γ point with nonzero wavevectors. Many approaches have been proposed to achieve BICs, but it remains a great challenge to design all three types of BICs simultaneously.