Tandem Electrocatalysis With Cu-Based Alloy Catalysts for Efficient Multi-Carbon Formation in Strongly Acidic Conditions.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) in acidic electrolyte enables high single-pass carbon efficiency (SPCE), while highly corrosive acidic electrolytes typically cause catalyst degradation. It is reported that the dealloying of Cu/Ag and Cu/Al alloys, as well as the increased C─C coupling energy barrier, are reasons that advances in neutral/alkaline electrolysis do not translate to acidic conditions. Detailed characterizations reveal the dynamic evolution of the alloy in acidic CORR, that is CuAg undergoes dealloying, re-deposition, and surface restructuration, ultimately forming the stable Ag/Cu interfacial structure.

Uncovering druggable hotspots on Pin1 via X-ray crystallographic fragment screening.

Pin1 is a phosphorylation-dependent peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that specifically recognizes and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of pSer/Thr-Pro motifs. It plays a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis. Due to its overexpression in many cancer types, Pin1 has emerged as a promising target for the development of anticancer drugs.

Improving Phase Stability of α-CsPbI through Combined Strain-Doping Engineering: Insights from First-Principles Calculations and Machine Learning.

The all-inorganic perovskite of cubic CsPbI (α-CsPbI) exhibited high thermal stability, owing to the absence of volatile organic cations. However, the poor phase stability at room temperature limits its practical applications. In this work, the phase transition mechanism of CsPbI from the cubic phase (α) to the tetragonal phase (β) was studied by first-principles calculations.

Semaglutide Mitigates Ischemic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Modulation of FoXO1 and DRP1 Pathways.

Multiple pathogenic processes contribute to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI); however, their relative importance and sequence remain unclear, warranting further investigation. Although our previous studies showed that inhibiting ferroptosis mitigates brain damage after ischemic stroke, the crosstalk among intracellular pathways remains poorly understood. The protective effects of semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), in ischemic stroke have yet to be fully elucidated.

Photoinduced Diastereoselective Hydrophosphination of Cyclopropenes with Diarylphosphine Oxides via EDA Complex.

This work presents a novel photoinduced diastereoselective hydrophosphination of cyclopropenes using diarylphosphine oxides as both electron donors and phosphorus radical precursors. An electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, formed between the cyclopropene and diarylphosphine oxide, generates a phosphorus radical cation and a cyclopropyl radical anion under purple-light irradiation via a single electron transfer process, enabling the subsequent hydrophosphination reaction. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations confirm the formation of the EDA complex and explain the high diastereoselectivity of this hydrophosphination reaction.

[Research progress in the regulation of allergic rhinitis pathogenesis by the NRF2 pathway].

In recent years，with the increase in environmental pollution，organisms are exposed to more internal and external oxidative stress factors than ever before.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，NRF2），as a core transcription factor in response to oxidative stress，maintains cellular redox homeostasis by inducing the expression of various antioxidant factors.The nasal cavity，as the "gateway" of the respiratory tract，is often accompanied by oxidative stress（oxidative stress，OS）damage，leading to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis（allergic rhinitis，AR）.

Nonadiabatic Renormalization of the Phonon Dispersion in Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene.

Nonadiabatic effects profoundly influence lattice dynamics, resulting in phonon renormalizations not only at the center of Brillouin zone (BZ), but also across the entire dispersion at finite momenta. These nonadiabatic phenomena exhibit clear dimensional dependencies and remain largely unexplored experimentally in low-dimensional systems. Here, we utilize high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy to investigate nonadiabatic phonon dispersion renormalization in monolayer graphene (MLG) and Bernal bilayer graphene (BLG).

Crystallization and melting of polyethylene strongly cross-linked in the molten state.

We examined the crystallization and melting behavior of highly cross-linked polyethylene (xPE) samples, including structural characterization of the resulting crystalline domains. Using γ-ray irradiation, cross-linking was performed in the molten state and not in the solid state. This approach assured a statistical and homogeneous distribution of the cross-link points.

Modulates CD4 T-Cell Differentiation and Allergic Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target.

Given the emerging role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma () in immune regulation and the increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), we sought to understand how modulation of the pathway impacts the balance of CD4 T-cell subsets, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (TH)1, TH2, and TH17 cells, which are key players in the pathogenesis of AR. This knowledge is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting the -CD4 T-cell axis to manage AR more effectively. We used Lyz2-Cre mice for deletion.

Sparse Nanocrystals Enable Ultra-Low Coercivity and Remarkable Mechanical Robustness in High-Entropy Amorphous Alloy.

Ferromagnetic high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are known for their excellent mechanical properties, which are attributed to their abundant ordered structures. However, they often exhibit compromised soft magnetic properties, which restrict their applications in modern electronics. In this study, an order-modulation strategy is introduced to overcome this limitation by constructing an amorphous-nanocrystalline transitional structure in a ferromagnetic HEA system.

Molecularly imprinted polymers based enrichment and separation for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is well known for its high resolution, rapidity, low sample and reagent consumption, and ability to simply change separation modes, and has been widely used for separation and detection of various analytes important for many fields. One major limitation is the concentration limits of detection, which can be further worsened in complex samples with a significant matrix component. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based solid-phase extraction (SPE) and stationary phases (SPs) enjoy great popularity in CE, owing to the recognition specificity, physical robustness, thermal stability, as well as low cost and easy preparation of MIPs.

SF3A3 Drives Tumorigenesis in Endometrial Cancer by Enhancing c-FOS Expression and Represents a Potential Therapeutic Target.

Aberrant alternative splicing plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Here, splicing factor 3A subunit 3 (SF3A3) is   significantly upregulated in endometrial cancer (EC) tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, SF3A3 drives tumor progression by promoting cell proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, and enhancing cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo.

Multiple bound states in the continuum in a grating-slab-coupled structure.

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are a special type of resonant state that remains localized even when coexisting with the radiation continuum. Owing to their different formation mechanisms, BICs are generally classified into symmetry-protected BIC (SP-BIC) at the Γ point (the Brillouin zone center with a zero wavevector), accidental BIC (A-BIC) and Friedrich-Wintgen BIC (FW-BIC) at the off-Γ point with nonzero wavevectors. Many approaches have been proposed to achieve BICs, but it remains a great challenge to design all three types of BICs simultaneously.

The NAMPT enzyme employs a switch that directly senses AMP/ATP and regulates cellular responses to energy stress.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a crucial compound in energy metabolism and cell signaling. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for NAD biosynthesis from nicotinamide (NAM). Here, we report that NAMPT activity is inhibited by adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in response to energy stress.

Vitiligo-like rash in a patient with lung cancer caused by sintilimab: A case report.

Background: This article discusses a case involving a 63-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer, who was treated with a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The patient was treated with five cycles of chemotherapy (pemetrexed and carboplatin) combined with sintilimab, a programmed death 1 inhibitor.

Case Summary: After the fifth cycle of treatment, the patient developed skin itching and a vitiligo-like rash, which are known side effects of immunotherapy.

Nanozeolite-Driven Gear-Catalysis Enabling Sequential Methanol-to-Aromatics Conversion.

Controlling diffusion and elementary reaction pathways to achieve high selectivity and stability has been a long-standing challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we develop a "gear-catalyst" system that spatially and kinetically decouples the methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) reaction into two sequential steps: methanol-to-olefins and olefins-to-aromatics. We show that nanoZSM-5 (high Si/Al ratio, ∼100 nm particle size) serves as a highly efficient smaller "gear" for rapid olefin generation and accelerated mass transfer, while micrometer-sized Zn-exchanged ZSM-5 (Zn/Z5) acts as the larger "gear" to promote aromatization.

Determination of Mineral Element Concentrations in Plasma Samples and Their Correlation to HIV/AIDS.

Rationale: The main purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of new strategies for prevention and management, ultimately improving the diagnosis, treatment, and overall well-being of affected individuals and communities.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 120 HIV-positive individuals and 120 healthy controls. The concentrations of the elements were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES.

Rotation-enabled efficient manipulation of bound states in the continuum and unidirectional guided resonances.

Bound states in the continuum (BICs), due to their unique properties to confine light, have recently been studied intensively in dielectric gratings. To manipulate BICs, several methods are commonly used, such as using a reshaped resonant element, two asymmetric elements, misaligned stacked gratings, and so on, but more tuning degrees of freedom are still in great demand. We here demonstrate an emerging degree of freedom to achieve BIC manipulation, i.

Novel sesquiterpenoids from LP76, a predominant endophytic fungus from .

Two new sesquiterpenoids, designated as collcameins A () and B (), alongside four previously identified compounds (-), were successfully extracted from the solid-state fermentation of LP76, a predominant endophytic fungus found within its leaves of cultivated ancient tea tree. Their chemical structures were determined through various spectroscopic techniques and by comparing the results with available literature for elucidation. To clarify the stereochemical configurations of and , extra X-ray diffraction crystallography was employed, both featuring a rare presilphiperfolane-type architecture.

Accelerating Electrochemical Responses of NaVMn(PO) via Bulk-Defects and Architecture Engineering for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Manganese-based NASICON-type NaVMn(PO) (NVMP) has captured widespread attention in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its abundant reserves and high operating voltages. However, the low intrinsic conductivity and detrimental Jahn-teller (J-T) effect impedes its electron and ion transfer, leading to rapid structural degradation and capacity decay. Herein, a facile multiscale coupling strategy is proposed to synthesize the nanosheet-stacked rods (NVMP-NSRs) with rational defects for improving intrinsic conductivity and structural stability, thus accelerating electrochemical responses.

Josephin Domain Containing 2 (JOSD2) inhibition as Pan-KRAS-mutation-targeting strategy for colorectal cancer.

KRAS is the most common mutated oncogenes in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet effective therapeutic strategies for targeting multiple KRAS mutations remained challenging. The prolonged protein stability of KRAS mutants contribute to their robust tumor-promoting effects, but the underlying mechanism is elusive. Herein by screening deubiquitinases (DUBs) siRNA library, we identify Josephin domain containing 2 (JOSD2) functions as a potent DUB that regulates the protein stability of KRAS mutants.

Digital health technologies/interventions in smart ward development for elderly patients with diabetes: A perspective from China and beyond.

Diabetes is highly prevalent among the elderly worldwide, with the highest number of diabetes cases in China. Yet, the management of diabetes remains unsatisfactory. Recent advances in digital health technologies have facilitated the establishment of smart wards for diabetes patients.

Modulating product selectivity in lignin electroreduction with a robust metallic glass catalyst.

Converting the lignin into value-added chemicals and fuels represents a promising way to upgrade lignin. Here, we present an effective electrocatalytic approach that simultaneously modulates the depolymerization and hydrogenation pathways of lignin model compounds within a single reaction system. By fine-tuning the pH of the electrolyte, we achieve a remarkable shift in product selectivity, from acetophenone (with selectivity >99%) to 1-phenylethanol (with selectivity >99%), while effectively preventing over-hydrogenation.

Nationwide investigation on organophosphate esters and di-esters in raw grains from China: Distribution, sources, and implications for risk assessment.

Studies on dietary exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and diesters (di-OPEs) are limited, especially regarding di-OPEs and their presence in raw grains, which are fundamental staples of the human diet. In this study, 18 OPEs and 8 di-OPEs were measured in 289 grain samples from 13 major grain-producing regions in China belonging to four grain types: wheat, rice, maize, and soybean. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) were the dominant OPEs, while bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) was the main di-OPE.