Variation characteristics and driving factors of vegetation coverage in Longquan Urban Forest Park, Chengdu, China.

Urban forest parks play a pivotal role in maintaining urban ecological security. The dynamics in fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) are key indicators for evaluating their ecological restoration effectiveness and sustainable management. Based on normalized difference vegetation index data of Chengdu Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park from Landsat satellites spanning from 1993 to 2023, we used a comprehensive suite of analytical methods including Theil-Sen median slope estimation, Median-Kendall trend tests, additive seasonal and trend breakpoint detection, and the optimal partial geo-detector model (OPGD) to analyze both linear and nonlinear spatiotemporal variations of FVC within the park as well as driving factors.

N-methyladenine modification of DNA enhances RecA-mediated homologous recombination.

Both DNA methylation and homologous recombination (HR) are extensively studied. In bacteria, Dam methylation is the most studied DNA modification, while RecA-mediated HR is a primary mechanism to repair DNA damages including double-stranded breaks, single-stranded gaps, and stalled replication forks. While HR regulation by proteins is extensively studied, whether methylation of DNA itself directly affects the functions of RecA and HR remains unclear.

Tandem Electrocatalysis With Cu-Based Alloy Catalysts for Efficient Multi-Carbon Formation in Strongly Acidic Conditions.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) in acidic electrolyte enables high single-pass carbon efficiency (SPCE), while highly corrosive acidic electrolytes typically cause catalyst degradation. It is reported that the dealloying of Cu/Ag and Cu/Al alloys, as well as the increased C─C coupling energy barrier, are reasons that advances in neutral/alkaline electrolysis do not translate to acidic conditions. Detailed characterizations reveal the dynamic evolution of the alloy in acidic CORR, that is CuAg undergoes dealloying, re-deposition, and surface restructuration, ultimately forming the stable Ag/Cu interfacial structure.

sp. BI87 from human gut: potent anticancer activities and divergence from known lineages.

Cancer is among the deadliest diseases with few truly curative therapies. Recent studies have shown that the human intestinal microbiota contains bacteria that exhibit potent suppressive effects on cancer or coordinate anticancer functions with the immune system. However, whether the peculiar anticancer trait was acquired stochastically by a strain of a non-anticancer bacterial species or an intrinsic property of a phylogenetic lineage of bacteria remained unclear.

[Heat-reinforcing needling inhibits oxidative stress injury via modulating the Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis rats with cold syndrome].

Objectives: To observe the effects of heat-reinforcing needling on inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model rats with cold syndrome, so as to analyze the mechanism of heat-reinforcing needling in improving RA.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, heat-reinforcing needling group and resveratrol group according to random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The rat model of RA with cold syndrome was established by subcutaneous injection of bovine type II collagen and complete Freund adjuvant combined with the stimulation of cold and wet environment.

Design of a nutrient solution supply device for a vertical aeroponic cultivation system.

Aeroponic cultivation systems provide precise environmental control for plant growth, effectively block the reproductive pathways of root diseases and pests, and facilitate efficient water resource recycling, thereby offering a scalable technical solution for intensive, high-yield, and sustainable agricultural production. Aiming to address the complex underground pipelines and excessive spray nozzles in fixed-pipeline nutrient solution supply systems of conventional vertical aeroponic cultivation, this study proposes a vertical aeroponic cultivation paradigm for large-scale production that can be applied to mobile nutrient solution supply modes. This study analyzes the structural components and operational workflow of the vertical aeroponic cultivation system, and the structural components, operational principles and technical specifications of the dedicated nutrient solution supply device.

Manipulation of the central autophagy component ZmATG8c affects thermotolerance in maize.

Rising global temperatures present a substantial threat to crop production. Autophagy is an important catabolic process that promotes plant survival under stress, and AuTophaGy-related 8 (ATG8) proteins play key roles in plant autophagy, although the contributions of specific ATG8 isoforms to heat tolerance remain to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that heat-induced expression of ZmATG8c promotes maize (Zea mays L.

Solvent Engineering and Metal-Doping Dual Effects Enable Morphology Precise Controlled MOF-based Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Designing economically viable electrocatalysts with superior activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a critical challenge in advancing practical water electrolysis systems for renewable hydrogen generation. In this work, CoFe-MOF(W) with a layered structure is created through synergistic modulation of a dual-regulation mechanism combining solvent engineering with metal doping, exhibiting superior electrocatalytic performance, requiring merely 276 mV overpotential to reach a current density of 10 mA cm while demonstrating fast kinetics with a 55 mV dec Tafel slope. The experimental results indicated that the solvent engineering facilitated the inducing unsaturated coordination states that tailored morphology and exposed more active sites, meanwhile, Fe-doping modulated the electronic structure of Co sites while introducing multimetal synergy for enhanced charge transfer, resulting in superior OER performance.

Trends in Glycemic and Cardiovascular Risks Control in Cantonese Adults in Primary Healthcare Settings: 2018 to 2022.

Background: Glycemic and cardiovascular risks control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) managed in primary healthcare (PHC) settings remains challenging in urbanizing areas like Guangzhou. This study analyzes 2018-2022 trends to identify care gaps and inform policy.

Methods: We collected and analyzed real-world data (RWD) from 81,709 adults aged 30 years or older with T2DM who voluntarily participated in health examinations across 24 primary healthcare settings in Baiyun district, Guangzhou.

Functional Study of Opsin Genes in (Araneae: Lycosidae).

Spiders are important predatory natural enemies in agricultural and forestry ecosystems, yet the role of vision in their predatory behavior remains unclear. In this study, we screened three opsin genes-corresponding to ultraviolet-sensitive and medium-to-long wavelength-sensitive opsins-from the transcriptome sequencing database of . All three genes possess seven transmembrane topological structures and a lysine residue on the second transmembrane domain, which are typical characteristics of opsins.

[The effect of heat-reinforcing needling on the level of TRAF6-K63 ubiquitination and NF-κB pathway in the synovial tissue of knee joint in rabbits with rheumatoid arthritis of cold syndrome].

Objectives: To observe the effect of heat-reinforcing needling on the level of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-K63 ubiquitination and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the synovial tissue of the knee joints of a rabbit model with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of cold syndrome, so as to explore the mechanism by which the heat-reinforcing needling inhibits inflammatory response in RA synovitis.

Methods: Eight out of 32 rabbits were randomly selected and assigned to the normal group. The remaining rabbits were induced to establish the RA cold syndrome model using ovalbumin combined with complete Freund's adjuvant and low-temperature cryogenic methods.

Kidney diseases and single-cell sequencing research: a bibliometric analysis from 2015 to 2024.

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized kidney disease research by enabling high-resolution transcriptomic analysis at the cellular level. This technology can overcome the limitations of traditional bulk-sequencing; reveal disease-progression trajectories, intercellular communication networks, and cellular heterogeneity; and provide crucial insights into disease mechanisms, thereby facilitating the development of targeted therapies and personalized treatment strategies. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications describing the use of scRNA-seq in kidney disease research from 2015 to 2024 using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database.

Group 13 Lewis acid-mediated formation of 5-oxazolone derivatives from -butyl isocyanoacetate.

-Butyl isocyanoacetate 1 reacted with B(CF) to give a Lewis acid-base adduct 2. GaCl and GaI promoted cyclization affording the N-bound Lewis acid adducts of the cyclized product 5-oxazolone derivatives 3 and 4, resulting from isocyano insertion into the ester C-O bond, with the loss of isobutylene. In contrast, the reactions with InBr and InI afforded the analogous adducts of 5(4)-oxazolone derivatives 5 and 6, without the loss of the -butyl group.

Developing an ML-Based Pretest Probability Model of Obstructive CAD in Patients With Stable Chest Pain.

Background: Updated pretest probability models (ESC2019, the PTP model supported by the European Society of Cardiology after a pooled analysis; and RF-CL, the risk factor-weighted model) are recommended for initial evaluation of patients with stable chest pain before coronary computed tomography angiography to reduce unnecessary examination by recent guidelines. However, the reliability of those pretest probability models has not been fully investigated, especially in Chinese population.

Objectives: This study aims to build a machine learning-based pretest probability model in patients with stable chest pain and compare it with ESC2019 and RF-CL model in a Chinese population.

Multi-level inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 invasion by cannabidiol and epigallocatechin gallate.

The global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attributable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current study aimed at combination therapies with natural polyphenolic compounds, such as cannabidiol (CBD), green tea polyphenols (Tea-poly), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF), to investigate in vitro their inhibitory effects on virus invasion and viral spike (S) protein expression. Among the compounds tested, CBD and Tea-poly exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects on virus entry, comparable to the positive control chloroquine (CQ).

High Bendability of Short RNA-DNA Hybrid Duplex Revealed by Single-Molecule Cyclization and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

R-loops are nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA-DNA hybrid (RDH) duplex and a displaced single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which are fundamentally involved in key biological functions, including transcription and the preservation of genome stability. In an R-loop, the RDH duplex is bent by the folded secondary structures of the displaced ssDNA. Previous experiments and simulations indicated the high bendability of DNA below the persistence length.

Directed hydrogenolysis of "cellulose-to-ethylene glycol" using a Ni-WO based catalyst.

Biomass is an important renewable resource in nature, and cellulose is a crucial component within it. The chemically directed conversion of cellulose into ethylene glycol offers a green alternative to traditional petroleum-based production methods. In this study, a multifunctional Ni-WO /SAPO-11 catalyst was designed.

Synthesis of Aviation Fuel Range Alkanes Through Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignocellulose Derived C Aldol Condensate Catalyzed by Ni-NbO/ZrP Catalysts.

The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignocellulose-based furan compounds holds significant potential for the synthesis of aviation fuel. However, challenges such as high catalyst costs and low yields persist. This study proposes a two-step strategy, involving pre-hydrogenation followed by HDO, to convert the C condensation product derived from furfural and levulinic acid into hydrocarbons within the aviation fuel range.

New feature of hMEIOB and hSPATA22 binding to ssDNA from a single-molecule perspective.

MEIOB and SPATA22 are gonad-specific proteins that function in meiosis recombination. Mutations in these two proteins cause oligospermia or azoospermia in human males. It has been reported that the heterodimer composed of MEIOB and SPATA22 recognizes and binds to the single-strand DNA (ssDNA) protected by the replication protein A (RPA) complex to promote DNA damage repair during homologous recombination.

Orientation of Nonspherical Nanoparticles in Ordered Block Copolymer for Functional Materials.

In the fields of controllable catalysis, electromagnetic field manipulation, and nanoscience, mediated self-assembly has become a key method for controlling the orientation of nonspherical nanoparticles. The ordered structures formed by block copolymer self-assembly can provide an orientation matrix for nonspherical nanoparticles. Based on self-consistent field theory, this study investigates the orientation effects of monaxially symmetric cylindrical nanoparticles in the lamellar phases formed by block copolymers.

Effect of protein binding on the twist-stretch coupling of double-stranded RNA.

The elasticities of RNAs are generally essential for their biological functions, and RNAs often become functional when interacting with their binding proteins. However, the effects of binding proteins on the elasticities of double-stranded (ds) RNAs, such as twist-stretch coupling, still remain little understood. Here, our extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that the twist-stretch coupling of dsRNAs can be reversed from positive to negative by their binding proteins.

Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignocellulose Toward Propyl- or Propenyl-Substituted Monomers and Mechanistic Understanding.

Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising technology that can selectively extract lignin in biomass and depolymerize it. Here, we prepared one low Ru loading catalyst (Ru/C) for RCF of biomass to selectively produce different lignin oils (both monomers and oligomers) under different reaction atmospheres. The yield of phenolic monomers reached 46.

Engineering CuZnOAlO Catalyst for Enhancing CO Hydrogenation to Methanol.

The CuZnOAlO catalyst shows excellent activity and selectivity in the reaction of CO hydrogenation to methanol as a consequence of its controllable physicochemical properties, which is expected to offer an efficient route to renewable energy. In this study, CuZnOAlO catalysts are engineered by a special pretreatment, constructing a carbonate structure on the surface of the catalyst. Compared to the unmodified catalyst, the optimized catalyst (CZA-H-C1) not only exhibits an improved methanol selectivity of 62.

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Calcareous Sand Improved by Polyurethane Foam Adhesive Under Fixed Principal Stress Axes Shearing.

The mechanical properties and envelope curve predictions of polyurethane-improved calcareous sand are significantly influenced by the magnitude and direction of principal stress. This study conducted a series of directional shearing tests with varying polyurethane contents ( = 2.5%, 5%, and 7.

Numerical simulation of gas explosion law and determination of safe thickness of blocking wall after auxiliary tunnel blocking.

When auxiliary tunnels pass through gas-bearing strata, there is a risk of gas explosion, but there is less analysis on the impact of gas explosions on operating railways after the auxiliary tunnels are sealed post-construction. To address the shortcomings of existing research, this paper establishes a numerical model of intersecting tunnels that closely resembles actual conditions. It first studies the law of gas explosion in the closed tunnel, obtaining the overpressure curve of the gas explosion.