Malachite green in environmental samples: Updates on sources, fates, distribution and removal techniques.

Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic triphenylmethane dye originally employed as an industrial colorant in textile, paper, and leather industries. Its subsequent application in aquaculture was driven by its demonstrated antibacterial and antiparasitic properties. However, substantial evidence has revealed its high toxicity, including carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects, posing severe threats to both ecological systems and human health, leading to strict regulations or outright bans in numerous countries.

General Strategy to Synthesize Star-Shaped Nanographenes with Controllable Symmetries.

Nanographenes with diverse topological structures have shown enormous potential in fields such as photonics, optoelectronics, and spintronics. This work employs a "from-core-to-branch" strategy to controllably synthesize star-shaped nanographenes with various symmmetries. The obtained star-shaped nanographenes exhibit symmetry-dependent HOMO-LUMO gaps and photoluminescence quantum yields, revealing the importance of precisely controlling the molecular topologies.

Dual-perspective decoupling network for kidney tumor segmentation on CT images.

The key challenges in kidney tumor segmentation include unpredictable location, high similarity among objects, and variability in boundaries. Existing approaches mostly handle these challenges from an object-agnostic perspective or a single decoupling perspective, which limits their ability to address all the aforementioned challenges. To tackle these problems, we propose a Dual-perspective Decoupling Network (DDNet), which consists of the Dual-perspective Decoupling Module (DDM) and the Edge Refinement Module (ERM).

Identifying Hub Genes Associated with Sex Disparities in Prolactinomas.

Male patients with prolactinomas exhibit greater invasiveness, resistance to dopamine agonists, making treatment more challenging. This study aims to explore the potential different genes contributing to sex disparities in prolactinomas. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential expressed genes analysis were performed to identify sex-related hub genes.

Microglia-derived exosomes modulate myelin regeneration via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in MS.

Demyelination is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), where the ability of damaged areas to regenerate myelin is limited. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) accumulate in these areas but struggle to mature into oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Microglia also gather at the lesion site, but their impact on OPCs differentiation is not well understood.

Evaluating stapokibart in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily mediated by type 2 immune responses, typically triggered by specific pollens. Stapokibart is a humanized monoclonal antibody anti-interleukin-4 receptor α subunit, thereby blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways. Clinical studies of stapokibart in healthy adults and SAR patients revealed a favorable safety profile and significant clinical efficacy.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis reveal the mechanism controlling cucumber-pumpkin grafting compatibility.

Background: The most widely used rootstock of cucumber grafting is pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). The main task of pumpkin rootstock breeding is to evaluate its compatibility with cucumber scions. One of the main factors affecting grafting compatibility is the rootstock bleeding sap, which affects the wound healing of graft junction.

Noncoding mutations in are associated with autism spectrum disorders.

Previous genetic studies in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) identified hundreds of high-confidence ASD genes enriched with likely deleterious protein-coding mutations (DNMs). Multiple studies also demonstrated that DNMs in the non-coding genome can contribute to ASD risk. However, the identification of individual risk genes enriched with noncoding DNMs has remained largely unexplored.

Acylcarnitine enrichment as a characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte metabolic fingerprint.

Objective: In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) alter their metabolism to support their activation. We aimed to analyse the full spectrum of metabolic alterations associated with RA by performing untargeted metabolomics in RA FLS vs. non-inflamed (NI) FLS.

Uncovering novel functions of NUF2 in glioblastoma and MRI-based expression prediction.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with limited therapies. NUF2, a kinetochore protein involved in cell cycle regulation, shows oncogenic potential in various cancers; however, its role in GBM pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated NUF2's function and mechanisms in GBM and developed an MRI-based machine learning model to predict its expression non-invasively, and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.

Mouse Models for Studying the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Allergic airway inflammation, including allergic rhinitis and asthma, is a disease characterized by IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions, with its pathophysiological features being the infiltration and proliferation of inflammatory cells in the airway mucosal epithelial cells. The complexity and heterogeneity of this inflammatory response, as well as the limitations of sampling from patients with allergic airway inflammation, have made animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathophysiological molecular pathways and treatment methods of allergic airway inflammation. Among the many animal models, mouse models are widely used for their diversity of genetic backgrounds, ease of experimental manipulation, and relevance to human diseases.

A new method of consistency evaluation of brain drugs: a case study of edaravone.

Bioequivalence test is typically conducted by determining the drug concentration in plasma. However, this is not suitable for brain drugs (like Edaravone) that have targets in CNS. The amount of a drug in target site in the CNS is responsible for its activity in the brain, while the concentration of a drug in the blood has a weak impact on the CNS.

In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of an assembled magnesium alloy suture anchor for ligament-bone reconstruction.

Biodegradable magnesium alloys suture anchors face rapid anchor eyelet degradation, compromising mechanical strength. In this study, an assembled-structure magnesium alloy suture anchor was proposed to mitigate the fast failure of anchor eyelet. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation behavior and biomechanical performance of assembled ZE21C magnesium alloy suture anchors.

Hybrid-Fueled OV-CuFe-CNT/MnO/GOx Micromotor for Colorimetric Detection and Degradation of Captopril via Free Radical and Nonradical Mediated by Oxygen Vacancy.

Addressing the challenges of metal particle corrosion and active site loss induced by excessive use of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide (HO) is essential to expand micro/nanomotor (MNM) applications in biological and environmental fields. Herein, a novel hybrid fuel-driven CuFe-CNT/MnO/GOx (GOx, glucose oxidase) micromotor with abundant oxygen vacancy (OV) was successfully constructed for synchronous high-efficiency colorimetric detection and rapid degradation of captopril (CP). Using glucose and low-concentration HO as hybrid fuels, the OV-CuFe-CNT/MnO/GOx micromotor could move at a speed of 107.

Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy: Latest Advances, Core Challenges, and Future Outlook.

Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy, particularly with oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), has become a promising new strategy in cancer treatment. This field has achieved significant clinical milestones, highlighted by the FDA approval of Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) for melanoma in 2015 and the approval of Teserpaturev/G47Δ for malignant glioma in Japan in 2021. This review synthesizes the key preclinical and clinical advancements in oHSV therapy over the last decade, critically analyzing the core challenges in target selection, genetic modification, administration routes, and targeted delivery.

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Pastinaca sativa L. Essential Oils Against Two Storage Insects.

Essential oils (EOs) derived from certain medicinal plants present a potential alternative to synthetic insecticides for managing stored-product insects. Two major insects, Tribolium castaneum (TC) Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Lasioderma serricorne (LS) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae), are key targets for EO control. Pastinaca sativa L.

Self-Adaptive Sn-Fe Electron Pair Centers in Pt/SnFeO for Anti-Tumor Synergistic Therapy.

Despite the multiple advantages of high tissue penetration depth, selectivity, and noninvasiveness of photothermal-assisted antitumor synergistic therapy, developing photothermal agents with multifunctional characteristics, desirable tumor therapeutic effects, and biological stability remains a key challenge. Herein, an electronic structure-regulated strategy is proposed to activate self-adaptive Sn-Fe electron pair centers (Sn/Sn and Fe/Fe) through loading the electron donor Pt (Pt/SFO-1, -2, -3, -4). Experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that abundant dynamic active centers can facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enables Pt/SFO samples to possess catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and oxidase (OXD) enzyme-like activities.

Anti-inflammatory therapy for tendinopathy using mRNA encapsulated in SM102 lipid nanoparticles.

Tendinopathy treatment is hindered by persistent inflammation and irreversible matrix degradation, with current therapies offering transient symptom relief without addressing disease progression. Here, we developed an mRNA-based anti-inflammatory strategy utilizing SM102 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver interleukin-1 receptor antagonist () mRNA for tendon repair. SM102-LNPs demonstrated efficient transfection of primary tendon stem cells, sustaining IL-1RA protein expression for over 72 h and neutralizing IL-1β-induced inflammatory cascades.

[Construction of IgG4 Fc variants and their serum half-lives].

In this study, we constructed a series of recombinant Fc variants of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), screened the fragment crystallizable (Fc) variants with significantly prolonged serum half-lives, and analyzed the relationship between mutation site and half-life, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of IgG4 antibodies and Fc fusion protein-based drugs. Nine gene sites were selected for mutation, and different mutation sites were combined. The variant expression plasmids pET24b-Fc were constructed by molecular cloning and point mutation.

Reverse Design of Three-Band Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor.

Terahertz metamaterial devices (TMDs) have demonstrated promising applications in biomass detection, wireless communications, and security inspection. Nevertheless, conventional design methodologies for such devices suffer from extensive iterative optimizations and significant dependence on empirical expertise, substantially prolonging the development cycle. This study proposes a reverse design framework leveraging a deep neural network (DNN) to enable rapid and efficient TMD synthesis, exemplified through a three-band terahertz metamaterial sensor.

Comparative effectiveness of pharmacogenomic-guided versus unguided antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder: new insights from subgroup and cumulative meta-analyses.

Question: How effective is pharmacogenomic (PGx)-guided antidepressant treatment compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) in major depressive disorder (MDD), and how do ethnicity, disease severity and genetic panel scope influence outcomes?

Study Selection And Analysis: This systematic review and meta-analysis comprised 13 randomised controlled trials (2013-2024) comparing PGx-guided therapy with TAU in MDD. PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched up to December 2024. Outcomes included response and remission rates at 8 and 12 weeks.

Using Preauricular Rotation Flaps to Repair Cartilage Exposure in the Triangular Fossa Area After Ear Reconstruction: Clinical Techniques and Evaluation.

Background: Cartilage exposure in the triangular fossa following ear reconstruction is a challenging complication due to the region's concave morphology and limited soft tissue coverage. This study evaluates the efficacy of preauricular rotation flaps for repairing such defects.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with cartilage exposure in the triangular fossa after ear reconstruction underwent repair using preauricular rotation flaps at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018-2023).

MRI-based Middle Neck Involvement in Stage N1-N2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Marker for Risk Stratification.

Background The prognostic implications of middle neck involvement, defined as cervical lymph node metastasis between the caudal border of the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage, remain unclear in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Purpose To investigate the prognostic significance of middle neck involvement in patients with N1 or N2 NPC. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included patients with N1 or N2 NPC without distant metastasis treated between April 2009 and December 2017.

Sirt4 Deficiency Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Repair.

The mammalian heart exhibits transient but remarkable regenerative capacity during the early postnatal period, after which most cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle. While the sirtuin family is well-established as regulators of cell cycle progression, its specific role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we found that Sirt4 expression increased during postnatal heart development.