A new method of consistency evaluation of brain drugs: a case study of edaravone.

Bioequivalence test is typically conducted by determining the drug concentration in plasma. However, this is not suitable for brain drugs (like Edaravone) that have targets in CNS. The amount of a drug in target site in the CNS is responsible for its activity in the brain, while the concentration of a drug in the blood has a weak impact on the CNS.

Heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures predict prognostic outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates that form within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are increasingly recognized as potential prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. However, the spatial heterogeneity and prognostic value of TLSs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of TLSs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and to establish a refined prognostic model for ESCC patients in both surgery-only and neoadjuvant therapy cohorts.

Innovative diagnostic approaches for lung cancer: integrating traditional cytology with qPCR for rapid and reliable results.

To address inherent limitations of standard diagnostic procedures for lung cancer, like long turn-around-time and the need for sufficient samples for analysis, we innovatively integrated traditional smear cytology (TSC) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays on micro cell samples (MCSs) for the diagnosis of lung cancer. All patients underwent TSC and qPCR assays targeting 11 genes based on different MCSs, including samples obtained by flushing needles used for endobronchial ultrasound biopsies and percutaneous aspiration biopsies of lung in 38 cases (G1) and 108 cases (G2), and lavage fluid samples obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in 38 cases (G3). With clinical diagnosis and pathological biopsy as diagnostic gold standard, the diagnostic value of these MCSs were explored.

Repairing composite mandibular defects with the chimeric deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap.

Mandibular defects caused by congenital anomalies, oncologic resections, trauma, or infections impair essential functions such as mastication, speech, and facial aesthetics, necessitating reconstruction to restore both biomechanical integrity and quality of life. While fibula osteocutaneous flaps remain the gold standard for complex defects due to their versatility, the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) bone flap-historically limited by inconsistent vascular anatomy and technical harvesting challenges-provides anatomical advantages but lacks reliable soft tissue utility. The chimeric DCIA perforator flap (DCIAPF) addresses these limitations by utilizing terminal DCIA skin perforators to create thin, well-vascularized skin paddles independent of muscular branches, thereby reducing bulk and donor-site morbidity.

Early Exposure of an Infantile Rat to Sex-Related Content Induces Precocious Puberty by Activation of Cholinergic Neurons in the Amygdala and KNDy Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus.

The majority of cases of central precocious puberty in girls are idiopathic. Many environmental and social factors have been reported to contribute to precocious puberty, such as early exposure to sexual content, influencing the timing of pubertal onset. However, the neuroendocrine regulatory mechanism behind this kind of stimulation has not been fully elucidated.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Monovalent Omicron KP.2-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults: Single-Arm Substudy from a Phase 2/3 Trial.

Introduction: COVID-19 continues to cause substantial health burden, particularly among vulnerable populations. Vaccines remain a vital tool in preventing severe disease outcomes. As the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve; therefore, updates may be needed to closely match COVID-19 vaccine composition to predominant circulating lineages to confer optimal protection.

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting ESR1.

Unlabelled: This study mainly explored the potential mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) based on network pharmacology, and to investigate whether HGWD promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by upregulating ESR1 based on in vitro experiments. The core target genes and potential signaling pathways related to HGWD in OA treatment were analyzed using network pharmacology analysis. BMSCs were isolated from rats to induce for adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation, which were assessed by Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red staining, respectively.

Explore the effect of HIF-PHI on blood pressure variation rate and anemia efficacy in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of hypoxia-inducing factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), specifically Roxadustat, on blood pressure variability, blood pressure indices, hemoglobin, and other biochemical markers in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: In this retrospective, self-controlled study, regular hemodialysis and consistent use of Roxadustat for at least six months were conducted at the Hemodialysis Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between June 2019 and November 2022. The study involved MHD patients who had been using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) for at least six months prior to transitioning to Roxadustat.

Clinical characteristics, clinical laboratories, and risk factors of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary embolism.

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine the occurrence, clinical manifestations, and determinants of pulmonary embolism (PE) in older individuals diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on elderly patients diagnosed with COPD, who were admitted to five different hospitals within our province. These patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism (PE).

Efficacy and safety of finotonlimab plus docetaxel docetaxel in previously treated advanced squamous cell non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blinded, phase III trial.

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes about 80-85%. In this phase III trial, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (SCT-I10A) plus docetaxel compared to docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced squamous cell NSCLC (sqNSCLC).

Methods: Patients were randomized 2:1 to finotonlimab plus docetaxel group (finotonlimab plus docetaxel) and docetaxel group (placebo plus docetaxel) for up to 6 cycles, followed by maintenance monotherapy with finotonlimab/placebo.

Carbon metabolism and partitioning in citrus leaves is determined by hybrid, cultivar and leaf type.

The partitioning and metabolism of carbohydrates and lignin in leaves are essential for numerous physiological functions, growth and development of plants. This study was aimed to characterize these processes in four leaf types (i.e.

Controllable Preparation of Hollow Spheroidal Nickel-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Microparticles for Aqueous Nickel-Zinc Batteries.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered increasing interest due to their porous structure, high surface area, and rich redox active metal ions that can be exploited as good electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Herein, nickel-based MOFs materials with different morphological structures of solid spheres (Ni-BTC-0), hollow spheroidal microparticles (Ni-BTC-5), and hollow spheres (Ni-BTC-10) have been facilely synthesized by using water as a regulator. Among them, the unique structure of hollow spheroidal Ni-BTC-5 microparticles with the largest surface area can provide abundant channels for fast electron and electrolyte transport as well as expose more active sites.

Comparative analysis of replication and immune evasion among SARS-CoV-2 subvariants BA.2.86, JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3.

Unlabelled: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BA.2.86 sublineage and its descendants (JN.

Suppressing sediment nutrient release via electrokinetic drainage of porewater: apparent paradox and underlying mechanisms.

Sediment nitrogen and phosphorus release drives internal eutrophication in many waterbodies, with nutrient-rich porewater serving as the key pathway for nutrient transfer to overlying water. In this study, electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKGs) were employed as electrodes to drain porewater and suppress sediment nutrient release. Five treatment groups with varying voltage gradients and power-on modes were tested.

A machine learning approach to risk-stratification of gastric cancer based on tumour-infiltrating immune cell profiles.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the response of patients to clinical treatment varies substantially. There is no satisfactory strategy for predicting curative effects to date. We aimed to explore a new method for predicting the clinical efficacy of GC treatment based on immune variables detected via flow cytometry.

CXCL Gene Clusters Regulated by Enhancer-Mediated DNA Looping Alteration in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. Chemokines affect the progression of pancreatic cancer through various mechanisms. Most of the CXC chemokine genes, CC chemokine genes and CX3C chemokine genes are clustered together within a very short region of chromatin.

Mechanistic insights into dengue virus inhibition by a clinical trial compound NITD-688.

Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), presents a significant public health challenge with limited effective treatments. NITD-688 is a potent panserotype DENV inhibitor currently in Phase II clinical trials. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood.

Genomic analysis of 1,325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement.

The tea plant stands as a globally cherished nonalcoholic beverage crop, but the genetic underpinnings of important agronomic and metabolomic traits remain largely unexplored. Here we de novo deep resequenced 802 tea plants and their relative accessions globally. By integrating public Camellia accessions, we constructed a comprehensive genome-wide genetic variation map and annotated deleterious mutations for 1,325 accessions.

Microbiome Analysis of Area in Proximity to White Spot Lesions Reveals More Harmful Plant Pathogens in Maize.

Plant microbiomes play a major role in plant health, growth, and development, enhancing resistance to pathogen invasion. However, despite the extensive research on the phyllosphere microbiome, it remains unclear how the microbiome of leaves in proximity to diseased leaves responds to pathogen invasion. We investigate the response of the maize phyllosphere microbiome to maize white spot by assessing the microbiome dynamics associated with the white spot portion and the area in proximity using 16S and ITS high-throughput sequencing analysis.

A phase 2/3 trial to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of monovalent Omicron JN.1-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in adults ≥18 years old.

Background: COVID-19 remains a substantial burden in vulnerable populations, including older adults and immunocompromised individuals. It was recommended that 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine formulations should target a monovalent JN.1 lineage.

The value of serum tumor-associated autoantibodies in screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of serum autoantibodies in the screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Materials & Methods: A total of 570 gastric cancer patients and 373 controls were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantitatively detect autoantibodies in the tested serum, and statistic modeling was conducted to analyze their relationships with various clinical and pathological parameters.

Association of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Scores with Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is an effective tool for identifying malnutrition, and helps monitor the prognosis of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. However, the association between the GNRI and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation of the GNRI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Protocol for evaluating the activity of R2 retrotransposons in mammalian cells.

R2 retrotransposons can be harnessed to insert genes at targeted sites by all-RNA delivery, presenting a new technology for next-generation biotherapeutics. Here, we report a protocol for evaluating the gene integration activity of R2 retrotransposons in mammalian cells. We describe the construction of vectors separately expressing R2 protein and donor, the process of liposome transfection, and flow cytometry.

Glecirasib in KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a phase 2b trial.

Glecirasib (JAB-21822) is a new covalent oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor. This multicenter, single-arm phase 2b study assessed the efficacy and safety of glecirasib administered orally at 800 mg daily in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC).