Functionalization of Gold-Pincer Nanocluster for Asymmetric Catalysis.

Organic ligand-protected metal nanoclusters feature ultrasmall size, well-defined compositions, and diverse chiral structures. They have the potential to combine the advantages of asymmetric organocatalysis and nanometal catalysis. The major challenge is designing and synthesizing appropriate metal nanocluster structures for achieving high catalytic activity and excellent enantioselectivity.

[Digital design and manufacturing method of double constrained split guide for orthodontic miniscrew implantation].

This study explored a novel digital design and fabrication method for a double constrained split orthodontic miniscrew guide to improve the accuracy and safety of clinical miniscrew implantation and reduce related complications. A patient requiring miniscrew implantation was selected, and data were acquired using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral optical scanning. For the construction of a double constrained split guide including a screw-hole guide and an insertion rod guide, different types of software such as Mimics 24.

[Early clinical observation of the efficacy of a three-stage traditional Chinese medicine external treatment plan for talus Bone bruises caused by acute ankle sprain].

Objective: To explore the early clinical efficacy of a three-stage external treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of talar bone contusion caused by acute ankle sprain.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 360 patients with primary lateral ankle sprain admitted from September 2021 to July 2024. Patients with talar bone contusion were selected based on MRI examination, and 73 cases were finally included.

Bidirectional scan-based velocity scheduling algorithm for proton arc gantry with limited jerk.

Objective: Spot-scanning proton arc therapy (SPArc) is an innovative planning and delivery framework for proton arc therapy that achieves conformal dose distribution via the rotating gantry. The clinical implementation of SPArc relies on efficient treatment delivery and smooth gantry rotation, with gantry velocity scheduling playing a crucial role in addressing this challenge. This study proposes a bidirectional scan-based gantry velocity scheduling algorithm, designated as BDS, to enhance the delivery efficiency and generate smooth gantry velocity profiles for SPArc plans concerning the mechanical and clinical requirements.

Overcoming ACQ: DPA-modified TICT-type AIEgens for high-resolution and multilevel latent fingerprint visualization.

Latent fingerprints (LFPs), as critical carriers of personal identification information, present a long-standing challenge for high-resolution imaging in forensic science. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), known for their superior luminescence in aggregated or high-viscosity environments, have emerged as ideal candidates for high-contrast fingerprint visualization. In this study, we designed a series of novel AIEgens by introducing diphenylamine (DPA) donor groups at the 3- and 11-positions of a quinazolinone core, effectively constructing twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) systems.

Fecal microbiota transplantation improves bile acid malabsorption in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results of microbiota and metabolites from two cohort studies.

Background: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) or bile acid diarrhea (BAD) complicates more than 30% of Crohn's disease (CD), yet no non-invasive biomarker reliably identifies patients who will benefit from fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We investigated whether serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a hepatic bile-acid synthesis precursor, can predict BAM and FMT response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We included 106 pairs of IBD patients treated with FMT from two longitudinal cohorts of prospective trials and 24 matched healthy individuals to identify a multi-omics analysis of microbiota-metabolism and evaluate real-world effectiveness of FMT.

A new method of consistency evaluation of brain drugs: a case study of edaravone.

Bioequivalence test is typically conducted by determining the drug concentration in plasma. However, this is not suitable for brain drugs (like Edaravone) that have targets in CNS. The amount of a drug in target site in the CNS is responsible for its activity in the brain, while the concentration of a drug in the blood has a weak impact on the CNS.

High-efficient refolding and purification of recombinant human interleukin-2 from inclusion bodies.

Human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) serves as a crucial cytokine in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune disorders. Nevertheless, the advancement of research and clinical applications involving this cytokine has been hindered by the constraints associated with the production of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2). This study presents a scalable and robust purification protocol for rhIL-2 derived from inclusion bodies (IBs) in Escherichia coli.

Cingulate and Frontopolar Cortical Projections to the Cerebellar Vermis Support Prolonged Reaction Time in Identifying Negative Emotional Scenes in Women.

We previously observed sex differences in the association of individual anxiety and reaction time (RT) during identification of negative emotional scenes in a Hariri task. Prolonged RT, an attention marker, in identifying negative (vs. neutral) images correlated with anxiety level in women but not in men.

Avian Influenza Surveillance Among Migratory Birds, Poultry, and Humans Around Nansi Lake, China, 2021-2024.

Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) pose a significant pandemic threat due to their cross-species transmission potential. However, AIV surveillance at the critical "migratory birds-poultry-exposed population" interface remains limited. Between 2021 and 2024, we implemented a prospective One Health surveillance program around Nansi Lake, monitoring AIVs in migratory birds, poultry, and environmental samples, as well as serological investigations against representative AIVs among migratory birds or poultry-exposed subjects.

Investigating the Effects of Hydraulic Shear on Growth at the Cell Scale Using an Algal-Cell Dynamic Continuous Observation Platform.

Hydraulic shear has been widely accepted as one of the essential factors modulating phytoplankton growth. Previous experimental studies of algal growth have been conducted at the macroscopic level, and direct observation at the cell scale has been lacking. In this study, an algal-cell dynamic continuous observation platform (ACDCOP) is proposed with a parallel-plate flow chamber (PPFC) to capture cellular growth images which are then used as input to a computer vision algorithm featuring a pre-trained backpropagation neural network to quantitatively evaluate the volumes and volumetric growth rates of individual cells.

Dietary Carnosic Acid Supplementation Improves the Growth Performance, the Antioxidant Status, and Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Broilers.

Carnosic acid (CA), a natural phenolic terpenoid compound, is widely distributed in plants such as sage and rosemary, and exhibits a strong antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of CA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers, and then to determine the optimal dose of CA to promote sustainable broiler production. A total of 384 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated into six treatment groups with eight replicates per group and eight birds per replicate pen.

Membrane fusion deficits of acutely isolated synaptic vesicles from the brains of depression-like mice.

Depression is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder increasingly associated with presynaptic dysfunction, particularly impairments in synaptic vesicle (SV)-mediated neurotransmitter release, yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain largely unresolved. In this study, we investigated SV morphology and fusion capability in a chronic variable stress (CVS)-induced mouse model of depression. To enable this analysis, we established an optimized protocol integrating differential centrifugation, density gradient ultracentrifugation, and size exclusion chromatography to isolate high-purity SVs from mouse brain tissue.

Saline flushing to prevent circuit clotting during CRRT without anticoagulant: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is the preferred strategy during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, saline flushing is often used when anticoagulants are contraindicated, although its effectiveness remains uncertain. This study evaluated the efficacy of different saline flushing strategies in preventing circuit clotting during anticoagulant-free CRRT in critically ill patients.

Electrosynthesis of Six-Carbon Acetal from CO Using a Tandem Electrolysis.

The conversion of CO into high-value chemicals using renewable electricity offers a promising pathway toward carbon neutrality and sustainable chemical production. However, efficiently transforming CO into molecules with more than three carbon atoms remains a major challenge. Herein, we propose, for the first time, a tandem electrocatalytic strategy for converting CO into the highly valuable six-carbon compound 1,1-diethoxyethane (DEE, valued at ∼$7,000 per ton).

Modeling methods of different tumor organoids and their application in tumor drug resistance research.

Tumor organoids were modeled to mimic culture conditions, allowing tumor-derived tissue cells or isolated and purified tumor stem cells to self-assemble into 3D preclinical models that are similar to tissues and organs . Compared with traditional models, tumor organoids not only resemble parental tumors in histology and genomics, capturing their heterogeneity and drug response, but also provide an efficient platform for long-term culture, maintaining genetic stability and enabling gene manipulation. Therefore, tumor organoids have unique advantages in cancer drug resistance research.

A new revision of the lichen genus (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) in China reveals two new species.

Based on a combination of morphological, chemical, and phylogenetic analyses, we present a new revision of the lichen genus in China. and are proposed as new species to science, both included in a distinctive clade (clade 1) together with . These three species are characterized by the absence of fatty acids, acaranoic and acarenoic acids, and share similar ecological traits.

Revealing simultaneous enrichment and degradation mechanism of organic molecules driven by TENG via SERS.

Self-powered degradation (SPD) driven by the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted significant attention. However, the effects of TENG on the migration of organic molecules have not been fully explored. Herein, a simultaneous enrichment and degradation mechanism of organic molecules around the electrode in the TENG electric field is proposed by surface enhancement of Raman scattering (SERS).

A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform combined with immune checkpoint blockade for triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy through inhibiting polarization of M2 macrophages.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has become a hopeful treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, most patients exhibit a low immune response. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) suppress anti-tumor immune responses by encouraging the polarization of M2 macrophages, which diminishes the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for chronic constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy, safety, and microbial dynamics.

Background: Chronic constipation, a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment efficacy in refractory cases, has prompted exploration of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a novel therapeutic strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy, safety, and gut microbial dynamics of FMT in adults with chronic constipation.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 2025, identifying 1,072 records.

Adipose-Derived Exosomes: mediators of crosstalk between Adipose tissue and cancer.

Adipose-derived exosomes (ADEs), a subtype of extracellular vesicles, are critical mediators of communication between adipose tissue and tumors, playing pivotal roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. These nanoscale vesicles carry microRNAs, proteins, and lipids that influence tumor cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and immune modulation. The dual functions of ADEs - both in promoting and suppressing tumorigenesis - are largely dependent on their cellular origin, molecular cargo, and the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment.

Nutrient diffusion-inspired catalysts with self-reinforced concentration gradient for sustainable electroreduction of dilute CO.

The electrocatalysis of flue gas into CO in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) provides a sustainable route for realizing practical CO electrolysis technology but suffers from restricted CO mass transport due to thick gas boundary layer (GBL) and weak concentration gradient. Inspired by nutrient diffusion mechanism in plant, we introduce the concept of self-reinforced CO concentration gradient, which is realized via porous carbon nanosheets (PC) as soil for enriching CO and single-atomic Ni-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni-CNTs) as rhizome for electro-catalyzing CO. A combined experimental and simulation study reveals optimal length of Ni-CNTs on PC reduces the GBL thickness and spontaneously enhances CO concentration gradient, synergistically breaking the limitation of CO transport.

Integration of Multi-Modal Biosensing Approaches for Depression: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Depression represents one of the most prevalent mental health disorders globally, significantly impacting quality of life and posing substantial healthcare challenges. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on subjective assessments and clinical interviews, often leading to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and suboptimal outcomes. Recent advances in biosensing technologies offer promising avenues for objective depression assessment through detection of relevant biomarkers and physiological parameters.