Investigating the Effects of Hydraulic Shear on Growth at the Cell Scale Using an Algal-Cell Dynamic Continuous Observation Platform.

Hydraulic shear has been widely accepted as one of the essential factors modulating phytoplankton growth. Previous experimental studies of algal growth have been conducted at the macroscopic level, and direct observation at the cell scale has been lacking. In this study, an algal-cell dynamic continuous observation platform (ACDCOP) is proposed with a parallel-plate flow chamber (PPFC) to capture cellular growth images which are then used as input to a computer vision algorithm featuring a pre-trained backpropagation neural network to quantitatively evaluate the volumes and volumetric growth rates of individual cells.

Advancing roles of nitric oxide in tuberculosis: Promising targets for novel anti-TB therapeutics.

Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a major public health burden worldwide. The increasing threatens of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, lack of effective vaccines and diagnosis methods, as well as the low treatment efficacy of anti-TB therapeutics lead to multiple difficulties and challenges in TB control. Host immune defense is critical for the processes and outcome of Mtb infection control due to the complex immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb, thus, it's of vital importance to characterize the host immune responses and mechanisms during Mtb infection.

Identification and Validation of Prognostic Genes Related to Histone Lactylation Modification in Glioblastoma: An Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Single-cell RNA Sequencing.

The impact of histone lactylation modification (HLM) on glioblastoma (GBM) progression is not well understood. This study aimed to identify HLM-associated prognostic genes in GBM and explore their mechanisms of action. The presence and role of lactylation in glioma clinical tissue samples and its correlation with GBM progression were analysed through immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.

Quantifying the trade-offs between renewable energy visibility and system costs.

Visual landscape impacts on scenic and populated places are among significant factors affecting local acceptance of large-scale renewable energy projects. Through the combination of large-scale reverse viewshed and techno-economic energy system analyses, we assess their potential impacts for nationwide energy systems. In our case study of Germany, moderate consideration of visual impact by placing renewables out of sight of the most scenic and densely populated areas does not have a significant impact on future energy system costs and design.

N-Substituted Bridged Azaozonides as Promising Antimalarial Agents.

Forty-five aminoperoxides belonging to bridged azaozonides, bridged N-substituted azaozonides, and tricyclic aminoperoxides were evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) and for cytotoxicity against immortalized human normal liver (LO) and lung (BEAS-2B) cell lines, as well as human liver (HepG2) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. Seven N-substituted azaozonides exhibited high antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of P. falciparum, with IC < 1 μM.

cGAS-mediated antibacterial immunotherapy against tuberculosis by macrophage-targeted manganese dioxide nanoagonist.

Tuberculosis (TB), induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains one of the top killers among infectious diseases. The pathogenesis hallmarks for TB are complex immune escape mechanisms of Mtb and low targeting effects of anti-TB drugs. cGAS signaling, which is responsible for triggering host antibacterial immunity against Mtb infection, has shown potentials to serve as targets for anti-TB immunotherapy.

Calceolarioside B inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant cell entry and modulates immune response.

This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of calceolarioside B, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Mutong (Akebia quinata Thumb), on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted the binding sites and interactions between calceolarioside B and the Omicron BA.

Nitrogen uptake by Scenedesmus quadricauda and its responses over environmental factors.

Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for the growth of microalgae. Understanding the mechanism of nitrogen uptake by algae plays a crucial role in addressing and mitigating. Harmful algal blooms.

Multi-sequence MRI-based radiomics model to preoperatively predict the WHO/ISUP grade of clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: a two-center study.

Objectives: To develop radiomics models based on multi-sequence MRI from two centers for the preoperative prediction of the WHO/ISUP grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: This retrospective study included 334 ccRCC patients from two centers. Significant clinical factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses.

LincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 pathway promoted inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis of human tubular epithelial cell induced by urate via exosomes.

Urate nephropathy, a common complication of hyperuricemia, has garnered increasing attention worldwide. However, the exact pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. Currently, inflammation is widely accepted as the key factor in urate nephropathy.

Reversible male contraception by targeted inhibition of serine/threonine kinase 33.

Men or mice with homozygous serine/threonine kinase 33 () mutations are sterile owing to defective sperm morphology and motility. To chemically evaluate STK33 for male contraception with STK33-specific inhibitors, we screened our multibillion-compound collection of DNA-encoded chemical libraries, uncovered potent STK33-specific inhibitors, determined the STK33 kinase domain structure bound with a truncated hit CDD-2211, and generated an optimized hit CDD-2807 that demonstrates nanomolar cellular potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 9.2 nanomolar) and favorable metabolic stability.

Haplotype-resolved T2T reference genomes for wild and domesticated accessions shed new insights into the domestication of jujube.

Chinese jujube ( Mill.) is one of the most important deciduous tree fruits in China, with substantial economic and nutritional value. Jujube was domesticated from its wild progenitor, wild jujube ( var.

Roles of red mud-based biochar carriers in the recovery of anammox activity: characteristics and mechanisms.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) sludge is easily deactivated in the process of treating ammonia-laden wastewater. To investigate an effective recovery method, red mud-based biochar carriers (RMBC) were prepared and added to a deactivated anammox reactor; the operation of this reactor had been interrupted for 6 months with starvation and low temperature. The deactivated sludge with added RMBC was recovered rapidly after 31 days, with the specific anammox activity rapidly increasing to 0.

Ultrahigh resolution lipid mass spectrometry imaging of high-grade serous ovarian cancer mouse models.

No effective screening tools for ovarian cancer (OC) exist, making it one of the deadliest cancers among women. Considering that little is known about the detailed progression and metastasis mechanism of OC at a molecular level, it is crucial to gain more insights into how metabolic and signaling alterations accompany its development. Herein, we present a comprehensive study using ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to investigate the spatial distribution and alterations of lipids in ovarian tissues collected from double knockout ( = 4) and triple mutant mouse models ( = 4) of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Natural small-molecules reverse Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C (XPC) deficient-mediated drug-resistance in renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Renal cancer is insensitive to radiotherapy or most chemotherapies. While the loss of the XPC gene was correlated with drug resistance in colon cancer, the expression of XPC and its role in the drug resistance of renal cancer have not yet been elucidated. With the fact that natural small-molecules have been adopted in combinational therapy with classical chemotherapeutic agents to increase the drug sensitivity and reduce adverse effects, the use of herbal compounds to tackle drug-resistance in renal cancer is advocated.

Development and validation of a three-dimensional deep learning-based system for assessing bowel preparation on colonoscopy video.

Background: The performance of existing image-based training models in evaluating bowel preparation on colonoscopy videos was relatively low, and only a few models used external data to prove their generalization. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a more precise and stable AI system for assessing bowel preparation of colonoscopy video.

Methods: We proposed a system named ViENDO to assess the bowel preparation quality, including two CNNs.

Peroxide derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Host cell invasion is mediated by the interaction of the viral spike protein (S) with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In this work, bio-layer interferometry (BLI) was used to screen a series of fifty-two peroxides, including aminoperoxides and bridged 1,2,4 - trioxolanes (ozonides), with the aim of identifying small molecules that interfere with the RBD-ACE2 interaction.

Ultrahigh Resolution Lipid Mass Spectrometry Imaging of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Mouse Models.

No effective screening tools for ovarian cancer (OC) exist, making it one of the deadliest cancers among women. Considering little is known about the detailed progression and metastasis mechanism of OC at a molecular level, it is crucial to gain more insights on how metabolic and signaling alterations accompany its development. Herein, we present a comprehensive study using ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to investigate the spatial distribution and alterations of lipids in ovarian tissues collected from double knockout ( = 4) and a triple mutant mouse models ( = 4) of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC).

Mutant p53 ameliorates inflammatory arthritis in AIA rats via inhibition of TBK1-IRF3 innate immune response.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammation disease characterized by imbalance of immune homeostasis. p53 mutants are commonly described as the guardian of cancer cells by conferring them drug-resistance and immune evasion. Importantly, p53 mutations have also been identified in RA patients, and this prompts the investigation of its role in RA pathogenesis.

Dormancy-Associated Gene 1 (OsDRM1) as an axillary bud dormancy marker: Retarding Plant Development, and Modulating Auxin Response in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Dormancy-Associated Genes 1/Auxin-Repressed Proteins (DRM1/ARP) are associated with bud dormancy, repression of plant growth, and responsiveness to hormones. To further explore the function of DRM1 proteins in rice, we isolated a dormancy-associated gene1 (OsDRM1) through microarray analysis. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that OsDRM1 is predominantly expressed in dormant axillary buds, while it is weakly expressed in growing buds, indicating that OsDRM1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for bud dormancy in rice.

-Acetylcysteine overcomes epalrestat-mediated increase of toxic 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and potentiates the anti-arthritic effect of epalrestat in AIA model.

Epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), has been clinically adopted in treating diabetic neuropathy in China and Japan. Apart from the involvement in diabetic complications, AR has been implicated in inflammation. Here, we seek to investigate the feasibility of clinically approved ARI, epalrestat, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Age-related self-DNA accumulation may accelerate arthritis in rats and in human rheumatoid arthritis.

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing with age. DNA fragments is known to accumulate in certain autoimmune diseases, but the mechanistic relationship among ageing, DNA fragments and RA pathogenesis remain unexplored. Here we show that the accumulation of DNA fragments, increasing with age and regulated by the exonuclease TREX1, promotes abnormal activation of the immune system in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model.