Avian Influenza Surveillance Among Migratory Birds, Poultry, and Humans Around Nansi Lake, China, 2021-2024.

Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) pose a significant pandemic threat due to their cross-species transmission potential. However, AIV surveillance at the critical "migratory birds-poultry-exposed population" interface remains limited. Between 2021 and 2024, we implemented a prospective One Health surveillance program around Nansi Lake, monitoring AIVs in migratory birds, poultry, and environmental samples, as well as serological investigations against representative AIVs among migratory birds or poultry-exposed subjects.

Early-warning signals and the role of H9N2 in the spillover of avian influenza viruses.

Background: The spillover of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) presents a significant global public health threat, leading to unpredictable and recurring pandemics. Current pandemic assessment tools suffer from deficiencies in terms of timeliness, capability for automation, and ability to generate risk estimates for multiple subtypes in the absence of documented human cases.

Methods: To address these challenges, we created an integrated database encompassing global AIV-related data from 1981 to 2022.

Protocol to evaluate virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses by spectral flow cytometry.

T cell responses play an important role in viral clearance and prevention of infection. Here, we present a protocol to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses using spectral flow cytometry. We describe steps for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) thawing and stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide pools.

The conformational epitope of Ara h 5 was crucial to the severe reactivity of peanut allergy.

Conformational epitopes are associated with the development of food allergic tolerance and the severity of food allergy. Peanut can trigger severe anaphylactic reactions, however, the reason behind the severe allergic reactions caused by peanut remains unexplained. The purpose of this article was to provide an explanation for the severe allergy caused by peanut, focusing on the conformational epitopes of Ara h 5 and Ara h 8 allergens that exhibit cross-reactivity with asthma reactions.

Epidemiological and immunological characteristics of middle-aged and elderly people in housing estates after Omicron BA.5 wave in Jinan, China.

A great number of COVID-19 patients was caused by Omicron BA.5 subvariant between December 2022 and January 2023 after the end of the zero-COVID-19 policy in China. In this study, we clarified the epidemiological and immunological characteristics of 457 enrolled middle-aged and elderly population in two housing estates after Omicron BA.

hOGG1: A novel mediator in nitrosamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis.

Background: The effect of human 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (hOGG1) on exogenous chemicals in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. The study plans to determine hOGG1 expression levels in ESCC and possible interactions with known environmental risk factors in ESCC.

Material And Methods: We analyzed levels of exposure to urinary nitrosamines in volunteers from high and low prevalence areas by GC-MS.

Butyrate protects liver against ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B activation in Kupffer cells.

Background: The inflammatory response after hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) contributes to liver dysfunction and failure after transplantation. Butyrate is a four-carbon fatty acid, normally produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in mammalian intestines, with anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of butyrate preconditioning, if any, against hepatic I/R injury in rats and the underlying mechanisms involved.