Reinforcement Learning Decoding Method of Multi-User EEG Shared Information Based on Mutual Information Mechanism.

The multi-user motor imagery brain-computer interface (BCI) is a new approach that uses information from multiple users to improve decision-making and social interaction. Although researchers have shown interest in this field, the current decoding methods are limited to basic approaches like linear averaging or feature integration. They ignored accurately assessing the coupling relationship features, which results in incomplete extraction of multi-source information.

Recent Advancement in MRI-Based Nanotheranostic Agents for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy Integration.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Although conventional treatment strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have demonstrated therapeutic potential, their clinical effectiveness is often limited by poor targeting specificity, systemic toxicity, and inadequate treatment monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful diagnostic modality owing to its non-invasive nature, high spatial resolution, deep tissue penetration, and real-time imaging capabilities, making it particularly suitable for guiding and evaluating cancer therapies.

Research on the cooperation stability and operation strategies of heterogeneous energy alliances based on multi-scale cost equilibrium.

With the goal of high proportion new energy generation, this study investigates the dynamic evolution mechanism of the cooperation stability (hereinafter referred to as "stability") of heterogeneous energy, as well as the relationship between the energy supply demand power imbalance mechanism and the cost equilibrium allocation among the alliance participants. Based on the Largest Consistent Set (LCS) stability analysis method of each agent's cost deviation, a multi-scale scenario stability operation strategy model of the alliance is constructed. The impact mechanism of time of use (TOU) pricing on the cost allocation equilibrium, benefit consistency, and complementary characteristics of heterogeneous energy is analyzed.

Oxidative Stress Triggers Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis Through MAPK Signaling.

Follicle health determines the number and quality of sows' ovulation, thereby influencing the litter size and the piglets' viability. Granulosa cells (GCs) play a crucial role in follicular formation and development, and oxidative stress-induced GC death is a major cause of follicular dysplasia. Previous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress triggers apoptosis in granulosa cells.

Pro-Inflammatory Microglia Exacerbate High-Altitude-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Driving Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Astrocytes.

High-altitude cognitive impairment (HACI) results from acute or chronic exposure to hypoxic conditions. Brain lipid homeostasis is crucial for cognitive function, and lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in glia cells is linked to cognitive decline in aging and stroke. However, whether high-altitude exposure affects brain lipid homeostasis is unclear.

Dual Regulation of Mitochondrial Complexes by HS via -Sulfhydration Controls Respiration in Type 1 Diabetic Hearts.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been established to regulate mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, but whether the regulation is through -sulfhydration (-SSH) of mitochondrial complexes is not well understood. Recently, HS is known to exert diverse and dose-dependent effects on mitochondrial complexes. However, the involvement of -sulfhydration of each mitochondrial complex and the activities in diabetic hearts have not been revealed.

Anti-Obesity Mechanisms of Plant and Fungal Polysaccharides: The Impact of Structural Diversity.

Obesity, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome driven by genetic-epigenetic crosstalk and environmental determinants, manifests through pathological adipocyte hyperplasia and ectopic lipid deposition. With the limitations of conventional anti-obesity therapies, which are characterized by transient efficacy and adverse pharmacological profiles, the scientific community has intensified efforts to develop plant and fungal polysaccharide therapeutic alternatives. These polysaccharide macromolecules have emerged as promising candidates because of their diverse biological activities and often act as natural prebiotics, exerting beneficial effects through multiple pathways.

Hybrid EEG Feature Learning Method for Cross-Session Human Mental Attention State Classification.

Background: Decoding mental attention states from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is crucial for numerous applications such as cognitive monitoring, adaptive human-computer interaction, and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, conventional EEG-based approaches often focus on channel-wise processing and are limited to intra-session or subject-specific scenarios, lacking robustness in cross-session or inter-subject conditions.

Methods: In this study, we propose a hybrid feature learning framework for robust classification of mental attention states, including focused, unfocused, and drowsy conditions, across both sessions and individuals.

Low-temperature plasma efficiently promotes blood coagulation with less thermal injury in porcine models.

How to maintain the efficacy of blood coagulation while minimizing thermal damage has been a significant challenge in the optimization of clinical electrosurgical units (ESUs). Recent studies have reported that reactive species produced by low-temperature plasma (LTP) can promote blood coagulation. In this study, two forms of home-made atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) were compared to argon plasma coagulation (APC) and utilized in three different porcine bleeding models.

Piezo in the eye: expression, distribution and roles in ocular diseases.

Piezo channels are currently known to be the most sensitive molecular mechanoreceptors. Piezo can respond to membrane tension, sag, shear force, tensile and other mechanical stimuli, produces fast inactivation, small conductance, and low threshold current. In eukaryotic cells, Piezo has two family members: Piezo1 and Piezo2.

Correction: Identification, functional analysis, and clinical applications of defective viral genomes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.

Plasmon-Enhanced CH Generation in the CO Electroreduction Reaction on a CuPd Tandem Catalyst.

Electrocatalysis enables the conversion of CO into value-added fuels and chemicals, offering a sustainable solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, achieving high selectivity for C2 products like ethylene (CH) remains challenging due to competing C1 pathways and complex multielectron processes. Here, we demonstrate that plasmon resonances can selectively enhance the electroreduction of CO to CH by 27.

Improving CAR-T cell function through a targeted cytokine delivery system utilizing car target-modified extracellular vesicles.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies; however, its efficacy can be limited by poor T-cell persistence and insufficient antitumor activity in certain cases. Moreover, interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a prominent agent in cancer immunotherapy, but its clinical application is constrained by severe toxicity associated with systemic exposure. In this study, we developed a novel cytokine delivery platform based on CAR target-modified cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that preferentially bind CAR-T cells to improve CAR-T-cell function.

A comparative analysis of the clinical effect of multiple treatments for benign breast tumors.

PurposeThis retrospective study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes, safety profiles, and postoperative recovery characteristics of conventional open surgery, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive rotary cutting, and microwave ablation in the treatment of benign breast tumors, using historical patient data.MethodsIn total, 164 patients with benign breast tumors treated at Haidian Hospital, Beijing, from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected as study participants. Based on the treatment received by the patients, they were divided into three groups: open surgery group (87 patients treated with conventional open excision surgery), rotary cutting group (65 patients treated with Micromotion minimally invasive rotary cutting under color Doppler ultrasound guidance), and ablation group (12 patients treated with microwave ablation).

CD44v6 CAR-T Cells Target DNMT3A-Mutant AML: Synergistic Enhancement by Decitabine.

Objective: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and molecular events such as DNMT3A gene mutations are associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a novel therapeutic approach for AML.

Methods: DNMT3A mRNA and protein expression were confirmed in DNMT3A-mutant AML cells via RT-qPCR and Western blotting.

Identification of a fungus isolate and its pathogenicity against (McGregor).

To obtain efficient biocontrol fungi against , this study systematically identified the highly pathogenic strain HYC2101 through an analysis of its cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, and molecular identification. The isolate was identified as . In laboratory observations using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the infection process of HYC2101 in was documented, and its pathogenicity against female adults and larvae was determined.

Photochemical Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Nitroarenes with Arylboronic Acids.

We report a novel copper-catalyzed reductive arylation of nitroarenes with arylboronic acids under LED light, enabling diarylamine synthesis under mild conditions. This photochemical approach complements traditional methods, leveraging nitroarenes' multifunctionality to activate isopropanol and facilitate arylboronic acid dehydration into reactive arylboroxines. Mechanistic studies highlight arylboroxines as key intermediates and reveal radical pathways supported by detailed experimental evidence.

Examining the stability and mechanical characteristics of interface structures within diamond/BN composite materials.

Composite structures of diamond and boron nitride are of great interest because of their excellent mechanical properties and outstanding chemical stability. However, the difficulty of experimentally synthesizing and verifying these types of composite structures has resulted in a lack of clarity regarding their atomic structures, particularly specific interface structures. Here, we constructed eight interface structures of diamond/BN composite structures based on the common structural characteristics in the experiment.

Comparative Effectiveness of Different Frequencies of Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a common and challenging complication after lumbar spine surgery, with around 30% of patients experiencing this condition post-surgery. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a prevalent treatment for FBSS, yet there is a lack of systematic comparisons among different SCS frequencies. This first network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the effectiveness and superiority of different SCS frequencies for FBSS.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for chronic constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy, safety, and microbial dynamics.

Background: Chronic constipation, a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment efficacy in refractory cases, has prompted exploration of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a novel therapeutic strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy, safety, and gut microbial dynamics of FMT in adults with chronic constipation.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 2025, identifying 1,072 records.

Exposure-Response Analysis of Repotrectinib to Support the Dose Recommendation for Patients With ROS1-Positive NSCLC or NTRK-Positive Solid Tumors.

To support the benefit-risk assessment and dose justification of repotrectinib for patients with c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK)-positive solid tumors, exposure-response analyses were conducted. The analysis used data from the TRIDENT-1 trial for key clinical efficacy endpoints-objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as 5 clinical safety endpoints: Grade 2 or higher (Gr2+) dizziness, Gr2+ anemia, Grade 3 or higher (Gr3+) treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), Gr2+ neurologic AEs, and dose reduction or interruption due to AEs. The exposure-response relationship for ORR was characterized by logistic regression with average repotrectinib exposure over the first 56 days of dosing; PFS or safety endpoints were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards models with time-varying cumulative half-daily average drug concentration.

Imaging characteristics of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma and its correlation with risk stratification.

Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is frequently misdiagnosed due to nonspecific imaging findings. This study aimed to explore the radiographic characteristics of EAML, with the goal of enhancing the accuracy of preoperative diagnoses. A total of 27 patients with histopathologically confirmed renal EAML were included in the study.

Exploring Facial Nucleus-Centered Connectivity in Hemifacial Spasm: Novel Insights into Pathogenesis and Surgical Impact.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions of the face, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Although the facial nerve nucleus has been implicated in HFS pathogenesis, specific research on its functional connectivity within whole-brain networks remains limited. This study aimed to investigate alterations in whole-brain functional connectivity with the facial nerve nucleus as the region of interest (ROI) in HFS patients, before and after microvascular decompression (MVD), to uncover potential mechanisms underlying the disorder and the impact of surgical intervention.

Progress on small non-coding RNAs in male reproductive development and intergenerational inheritance.

Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are crucial in epigenetics, playing a significant regulatory role in the normal development and intergenerational inheritance of male reproduction. Research has shown that highly expressed sncRNAs, including miRNAs, piRNAs, and tsRNAs, are vital in maintaining male germ cell development and spermatogenesis. sncRNAs regulate gene expression, influence protein translation, and modify sperm epigenetics, contributing to male reproductive development at various stages.

Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure via infant feeding and the gut microbiota of preterm infants: A study of mother-preterm infant dyads.

Infants are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) via feeding, yet the influence of PFAS on their gut microbiota remains poorly understood. In this study, 73 mother-preterm infant dyads were recruited in Shenzhen. We measured concentrations of 13 PFAS (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, HFPO-DA, ADONA, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, and 8:2 Cl-PFESA) in the feeding substances (breast milk or formula) at the fourth week postpartum.