A generalist foundation model and database for open-world medical image segmentation.

Vision foundation models have demonstrated vast potential in achieving generalist medical segmentation capability, providing a versatile, task-agnostic solution through a single model. However, current generalist models involve simple pre-training on various medical data containing irrelevant information, often resulting in the negative transfer phenomenon and degenerated performance. Furthermore, the practical applicability of foundation models across diverse open-world scenarios, especially in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, has not been extensively evaluated.

Transition Shock Among Nursing Interns: Roles of Achievement Motivation and Clinical Practice Environment-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aims: To examine the relationships between achievement motivation, clinical practice environment and nursing interns' transition shock.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an online survey.

Methods: This study included 343 nursing interns from practice hospitals across six Chinese provinces.

Deficiency of Microglial Hv1 Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and HIF1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming.

Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cognitive impairments. Hv1 channels have been implicated in proton extrusion, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation onset. Despite this, the specific mechanisms by which Hv1 deficiency mitigates neuroinflammation and its impact on pathophysiological processes are not fully understood.

Mechanistic Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Dandelion Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Its Induction of Apoptosis.

This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which dandelion extract inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Dandelion root and leaf extracts were prepared using a heat reflux method and subjected to solvent gradient extraction to obtain fractions with different polarities. MTT assays revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation.

The association between triglyceride glucose-waist height ratio index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a national prospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) imposes a progressively severe health burden worldwide. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), as indicators of insulin resistance and central adiposity, respectively, have been shown to be strongly associated with CMM. However, there is currently a lack of research combining the two for CMM risk assessment.

An In Vitro BRAF Activation Assay Elucidates Molecular Mechanisms Driving Disassembly of the Autoinhibited BRAF State.

Unlabelled: The RAF kinases (ARAF, BRAF and CRAF) are essential components of the RAS-ERK signaling pathway, which controls vital cellular processes and is frequently dysregulated in human disease. Notably, mutations that alter BRAF function are prominent drivers of human cancer and certain RASopathy disorders, making BRAF an important target for therapeutic intervention. Despite extensive research, several aspects of BRAF regulation remain unclear.

In situ generation of zero-valent copper on swine manure-derived hydrochar: A waste-born catalyst for enhanced oxytetracycline degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation.

This study investigated the use of zero-valent copper (Cu) nanoparticles-loaded hydrochar (Cu-HC), derived from swine manure waste, as a sustainable catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade oxytetracycline (OTC). The in-situ generated Cu nanoparticles during the pyrolysis process of biomass played a pivotal role in establishing electron-transfer pathways, enabling the Cu-HC/PMS system to achieve nearly 100 % degradation within 30 min-outperforming both the HC/PMS system (77.1 %) and the bare PMS system (42.

On the Rate-Distortion Theory for Task-Specific Semantic Communication.

Semantic communication has attracted considerable interest due to its potential to support emerging human-centric services, such as holographic communications, extended reality (XR), and human-machine interactions. Different from traditional communication systems that focus on minimizing the symbol-level distortion (e.g.

Hollow-core fiber-based photothermal spectroscopy for hydrogen detection.

We present an optical hydrogen sensor based on photothermal spectroscopy with a hollow-core fiber, specifically targeting the 2121.8-nm quadrupole absorption line of hydrogen. Our experiments demonstrate the sensor's capability for detecting hydrogen gas at concentrations as low as 77 ppm, with a lock-in time constant of 1 second.

Serum from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma remodels the tumor immune escape ecological niche by promoting regulatory T‑cell differentiation and T‑cell exhaustion.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks as the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide, and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor‑directed immune escape through ecological niche remodeling is crucial for advancing tumor biotherapy. The serum of patients with cancer contains not only tumor biomarkers but also immune regulators secreted by immune cells and/or cancer cells.

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

A Proactive Agent Collaborative Framework for Zero-Shot Multimodal Medical Reasoning.

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare has garnered significant research interest, yet their performance remains limited due to a lack of domain-specific knowledge, medical reasoning skills, and their unimodal nature, which restricts them to text-only inputs. To address these limitations, we propose MultiMedRes, a multimodal medical collaborative reasoning framework that simulates human physicians' communication by incorporating a learner agent to proactively acquire information from domain-specific expert models. MultiMedRes addresses medical multimodal reasoning problems through three steps i) Inquire: The learner agent decomposes complex medical reasoning problems into multiple domain-specific sub-problems; ii) Interact: The agent engages in iterative "ask-answer" interactions with expert models to obtain domain-specific knowledge; and iii) Integrate: The agent integrates all the acquired domain-specific knowledge to address the medical reasoning problems (e.

Correlation between gabapentin and depression: A study from the NHANES and FAERS databases.

Post-marketing surveillance has indicated an association between gabapentin use and an increased risk of depression. However, observational findings on this relationship have been inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the correlation between gabapentin exposure and depression.

Acute myocardial infarction in a 16-year-old patient - A journey from death to life: Case report.

Rationale: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young individuals has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, with the age of onset progressively declining. According to the China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry, which included over 24,000 cases, approximately 8.5% of AMI patients were aged ≤45 years.

Fulminant Myocarditis Secondary to Cardiac T-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: Cardiac T-cell lymphoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy that often presents with nonspecific symptoms and is difficult to diagnose early.

Case Summary: A 73-year-old man presented with syncope, anorexia, and abdominal discomfort. During hospitalization, he developed hypereosinophilia and rapidly progressed to fulminant myocarditis.

Longitudinal associations between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease in a Chinese population: Evidence from CHARLS.

Importance: The relationship between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease among the general Chinese population is inconclusive.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease in the Chinese general population through a large sample.

Design: We retrospectively analyzed data from the 2015 and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Latent profile analysis of loneliness among elderly people in the community and its relationship with cognitive function.

Objectives: To explore the latent profiles of loneliness in community-dwelling older adults and to explore the relationship between categories and cognitive functioning to inform targeted interventions.

Methods: A survey was conducted on 658 elderly individuals from 9 communities in Henan Province using the Simplified Loneliness Scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Mplus8.

Environmentally Relevant Levels of Ozone Enhance Pulmonary Colonization and Cross-Organ Translocation.

Ozone (O) is a major global air pollutant. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested links between O exposure and outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, whether environmentally relevant levels of O exacerbate the colonization and infection of airborne pathogens remains unclear.

Targeting MondoA-TXNIP restores antitumour immunity in lactic-acid-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment.

In the tumour microenvironment, accumulated lactic acid (LA) promotes tumour immune evasion by facilitating regulatory T cell (T) immunosuppressive function and restraining CD8 T cell cytotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we report that transcriptional factor MondoA-induced thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) transcription is a common feature of both T and CD8 T cells in response to lactic acid. In contrast to reduction in immunosuppressive capacity in MondoA-deficient T cells, loss of MondoA enhanced CD8 T cell cytotoxic function in the lactic-acid-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, by restoring glucose uptake and glycolysis.

MedVH: Toward Systematic Evaluation of Hallucination for Large Vision Language Models in the Medical Context.

Large vision language models (LVLMs) have achieved superior performance on natural image and text tasks, inspiring extensive fine-tuning research. However, their robustness against hallucination in clinical contexts remains understudied. We propose the Medical Visual Hallucination Test (MedVH), a novel evaluation framework assessing hallucination tendencies in both medical-specific and general-purpose LVLMs.

An Explainable Two-Stage Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Post-Thrombolysis Complications in Stroke Patients: A Multi-Center Study.

Current tools for predicting the thrombolysis risk in patients after stroke exhibit limited event prediction in early post-thrombolysis hemorrhagic events. This highlights an unmet medical need to improve the tools for stroke management. We developed an explainable 2-stage machine learning model for stroke risk stratification to predict the risk of bleeding, composite complications, and all-cause death in patients before and after thrombolysis therapy.

Multidisciplinary collaborative enhanced recovery after surgery nursing in patients with colorectal cancer: A comparative study.

Background: Prolonged recovery following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery can result in physiological discomfort and psychological stress, underscoring the importance of effective perioperative care to enhance patient outcomes.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary collaborative enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) nursing on patients undergoing CRC surgery.

Methods: This study included 100 patients who underwent CRC surgery between August 2022 and August 2024.