A generalist foundation model and database for open-world medical image segmentation.

Vision foundation models have demonstrated vast potential in achieving generalist medical segmentation capability, providing a versatile, task-agnostic solution through a single model. However, current generalist models involve simple pre-training on various medical data containing irrelevant information, often resulting in the negative transfer phenomenon and degenerated performance. Furthermore, the practical applicability of foundation models across diverse open-world scenarios, especially in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, has not been extensively evaluated.

A nomogram for individualized prediction of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The prognosis of patients with a concomitance of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is poor, and early identification of such patients can provide diagnostic and therapeutic assistance for clinical treatment. However, few studies have been conducted to identify the risk of ARDS in patients with sTBI. This study aimed to construct a risk prediction model for ARDS in patients with sTBI and evaluate its efficacy.

4-octyl itaconate-functionalized dextran-polyethylene glycol hydrogel prevents postoperative peritoneal adhesion via regulating macrophage function and mesothelial differentiation.

Hydrogel barrier is considered to be a promising strategy to prevent postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) formation. However, a simple physical barrier alone might not satisfactorily prevent adhesion. Herein, four-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a cell-permeable itaconate derivative with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, was encapsulated into micelles and then loaded into the dextran-polyethylene glycol hydrogel via the Schiff's base reaction between the aldehyde group of oxidized dextran and the amino group of four-arm polyethylene glycol amine (4-arm-PEG-NH).

Retinal multimodal-imaging and functional tests in a mitochondrial disease with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.

The phenotypes of the adenine-to-guanine transition at position 3243 of mitochondrial DNA (m.3243A>G) are highly variable, with different symptoms observed in different patients. These include mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS); maternally inherited diabetes and deafness syndrome (MIDD); other syndromic conditions; or non-syndromic mitochondrial disorders.

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals the Mycoviral Diversity of the Pathogenic Grape Fungus During Postharvest.

is a primary pathogenic fungus that causes grape blue mold during postharvest, leading to substantial losses in the grape industry. Nevertheless, hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses can attenuate the virulence of postharvest grape-rot pathogens, thereby offering a promising biocontrol tool. Characterizing the mycovirus repertoire of is imperative for grape protection, yet remains largely unexplored.

Positive Correlation Between Economic Activities and Fish Diversity in Small River Basins of Less Developed Regions: A Case Study of the Lixian River Basin.

(1) Background: Affected by multiple factors, the decline in fish species diversity in some aquatic ecosystems has become increasingly pronounced. At a broad spatial scale, economic development has been widely recognized as one of the key factors influencing the fish distribution pattern. However, at a small scale, within a single river basin, the effects of economic development on the freshwater fish distribution and communities remain largely uninvestigated.

Comparative Bioequivalence Study of 2 Clevidipine Formulations in Healthy Chinese participants: A Single-Dose, 2-Period Crossover Trial.

Clevidipine emulsion is an intravenous antihypertensive agent indicated for acute blood pressure control when oral therapies are contraindicated or ineffective. To address this gap in availability, a randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of a generic clevidipine emulsion versus the reference product in 32 healthy Chinese adults. Participants received a 30-minute intravenous infusion of 3 mg of clevidipine (test or reference formulation) in each study period, with serial blood samples collected from the contralateral arm relative to the infusion site for pharmacokinetic analysis.

Durable response to venetoclax, azacytidine, and ruxolitinib in chronic-phase myelofibrosis resistant to ruxolitinib: a case report and literature review.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloprolifera- tive neoplasm.It has a worse prognosis than polycythemia vera and essential thrombocy- themia.At present,both Chinese and foreign guidelines recommend ruxolitinib as first-line treatment for IPSS/DIPSS/DIPSS-Plus patients with splenomegaly in intermediate-risk-2 and high-risk MF-CP.

Effects of different electron shuttles on the degradation of penoxsulam in single-chamber air microbial fuel cells.

The bioremediation of penoxsulam, a commonly encountered aquatic herbicide, was investigated using a single-chamber air microbial fuel cell (MFC) system. This study focused on how the modulation of electron transfer through exogenous electron shuttles (riboflavin (RF), anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS)) and respiratory inhibitors (rotenone, capsaicin) affects electrogenesis and the degradation of penoxsulam. The addition of electron shuttles significantly improved both MFC power generation and pollutant removal efficiency in a dose-dependent manner, with optimal concentrations identified for maximum performance.

VariMix: A variety-guided data mixing framework for explainable medical image classifications.

Background And Objective: Modern deep neural networks are highly over-parameterized, necessitating the use of data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are popular for synthesizing visually realistic images. However, these synthetic images often lack diversity and may have ambiguous class labels.

Neural correlates of aggression in schizophrenia: An event-related potential study using the competitive reaction time task.

Background: The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia (SCZ) remain poorly understood. To date, no studies have reported on the event-related potential (ERP) characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task (CRTT). Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.

Superstructure Engineering Enables NASICON-Type Phosphate Cathodes with Increased Working Voltage and Energy Density.

Na Super Ionic CONductor (NASICON)-type iron-based phosphate cathode has attained extensive research interest due to its green, low cost, and superior rate capability for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, owing to strong Fe─O covalent character in the NASICON frameworks, the low Fe/Fe redox potential (<2.5 V vs Na/Na) has led to an undesirable energy density of phosphate cathode.

Kit structural mutations associated with the porcine dominant white phenotype impair hematopoiesis in mice.

Kit encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase crucial for various biological processes. To investigate how Kit structural mutations associated with the porcine dominant white phenotype affect hematopoiesis, we utilized three distinct gene-edited mouse models: Kit coding sequence (CDS) duplication (Kit), Kit exon 17 deletion (Kit), and a compound heterozygous model carrying both mutations (Kit), along with wild-type controls (Kit). We observed that the Kit structural mutations significantly impaired erythropoiesis in bone marrow, resulting in hypoplastic macrocytic anemia and compensatory erythropoiesis in the spleen.

Novel paradigms in KRAS targeting: Unveiling strategies to combat drug resistance.

The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation is one of the most prevalent activating alterations in cancer. It indicates a poor overall prognosis due to its highly invasive nature. Although several KRAS inhibitors have been developed in recent years, a significant clinical challenge has emerged as a substantial proportion of patients eventually develop resistance to these therapies.

Evaluation of Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus for nasal and nasopharyngeal specimens tested in CLIA-accredited and CLIA-waived settings.

Background: Respiratory viruses are responsible for millions of healthcare visits annually. The unpredictable periodicity of Coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal patterns of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus result in concurrent circulation of these viruses with non-specific and overlapping clinical symptoms.

Study Design: This study evaluated the Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus test using 3011 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and 2943 anterior nasal (NS) specimens.

Integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking and pharmacodynamic studies reveal protective effects and mechanisms of tetrandrine against sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Tetrandrine (Tet) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties. It may have the potential to protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of Tet on sepsis-induced ALI.

Evaluation of the user experience for a point of care molecular test for causes of vaginitis.

Background: Vaginitis is a major cause of healthcare visits in the US, costing over $1.2 billion annually. Point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) could improve accuracy of diagnosis and treatment during initial visit for vaginitis compared to send-out NAATs.

Effectiveness and safety of oral nutrition in older patients with moderate dysphagia: a real-world cohort study in geriatric inpatients.

Background: Dysphagia and malnutrition increase with age and are correlated with adverse clinical outcomes. Researchers have not fully studied the safety and effectiveness between oral nutrition pathway and tube feeding in dysphagic and malnourished elderly individuals.

Methods: Elderly individuals > 65 years old with nutrition risk admitted to the department of geriatrics from 58 third-grade hospitals between September 2020 and December 2022 were recruited.

CMMIQA: a prompt-driven cross-modality multi-organ medical image quality assessment model.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) medical imaging technology plays an important role in clinical diagnosis, whose image quality is the cornerstone of effective diagnosis and optimization of imaging equipment. Therefore, the assessment of medical images quality has received a wide range of attention. In this paper, we are committed to developing a way that can comprehensively assess the quality of medical images of different modality and organs.

eDNA Metabarcoding Reveals Homogenization of Fish in Fujiang Segments Isolated by Cascading Hydroelectric Stations.

Background: The Fujiang River, a first-order branch of Jialing River, has for years been separated into six segments by six cascading hydropower stations in its downstream. However, the impact of cascading hydropower stations on its aquatic biota communities remains unclear.

Methods: eDNA samples were collected in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of each river fragment during March, May, July, and December 2023, and after species identification, various statistical analyses including β-diversity, NMDS and MantelTest were performed using the R platform.

Accumulation of Mixed Heavy Metals in Maternal Hair and Risk of Pre-Eclampsia: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study.

Heavy metals (lead [Pb], cadmium [Cd], arsenic [As], mercury [Hg], manganese [Mn], copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], and iron [Fe]) might be risk factors for pre-eclampsia (PE), whereas their joint effect remains unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a nested case-control study consisting of 49 PE cases and 329 controls from a Chinese prospective birth cohort and divided the participants into low/high and quartile groups based on hair metal concentrations. We used logistic regression models and a weighted quantile sum (WQS) model to investigate the independent and mixed associations between these eight heavy metals in maternal hair and the risk of PE.

Organic acid leaching combined with manganese-sulfur biochar enhances soil eco-environmental health by reducing metal toxicity and modulating the microbial community.

Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) contamination poses a significant threat to global soil health, with conventional leaching techniques often compromising soil physicochemical properties during remediation. This study developed an integrated leaching-stabilization (LS) approach combining organic acid leaching with manganese/sulfur-modified biochar (SAMB) stabilization to simultaneously remove heavy metals and restore soil ecological functions. Using citric acid (CA) and polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) as leaching agents, we achieved removal rates of 13.

Research on Malodor Component Identification Based on Sensor Array.

With the rising demand for improved living standards and environmental protection, malodor pollution has emerged as a critical concern for both the public and regulatory authorities. Accurate prediction of malodor gas composition is essential for effective environmental monitoring and safety management. However, existing online malodor detection systems often suffer from short-term sensor drift, compromising their accuracy and long-term stability.

Interoceptive abnormalities in COPD patients: Their predictive role in anxiety and acute exacerbation of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, significantly impacting both physical and psychological health. Anxiety, a prevalent comorbidity in COPD, exacerbates respiratory symptoms, impairs disease management, and increases healthcare utilization. Interoceptive sensitivity, the ability to perceive and interpret internal bodily signals, plays a critical role in managing chronic conditions, yet its influence on healthcare utilization in COPD remains underexplored.

Chinese Expert Consensus on Standardized Outpatient Management of Sarcopenia in the Elderly (2024).

Sarcopenia is an age-related disorder that influences the daily living ability of older adults and interacts with various chronic diseases. Older adults with sarcopenia typically experience a deterioration in their quality of life and healthy lifespan. The number of Chinese persons with sarcopenia is considerable, and the burden of sarcopenia is substantial; however, the specific sarcopenia clinics available for outpatients are insufficient.