Trojan Horse-Inspired Biomimetic Lipoprotein Nanocarrier for Noninvasive Anti-VEGF Therapy of Ocular Fundus Neovascularization.

Pathological neovascularization is a major cause of vision loss in various ischemic and inflammatory ocular fundus diseases, with current anti-VEGF therapies requiring invasive and frequent intravitreal injections. In this study, a Trojan horse-inspired biomimetic lipoprotein nanocarrier (A-PA-αCPP) is developed for noninvasive anti-VEGF therapy via topical administration. Utilizing phosphatidic acid (PA), specifically 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DOPA), as the sole phospholipid, the nanocarrier enables electrostatic tethering of aflibercept, with a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-functionalized apoA1 mimetic peptide (αCPP) incorporated through self-assembly.

Correction: Identification, functional analysis, and clinical applications of defective viral genomes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.

Genetically modified CD19-targeting IL-15 secreting NK cells for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: Given the efficacy of B-cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment and the capacity of engineered natural killer (NK) cells in B-cell elimination, we explored the potential of genetically modified NK cells to target CD19 for the treatment of SLE.

Methods: Peripheral blood-derived NK cells were engineered with CAR.CD19/interleukin (IL)-15 (XB-19.

The role of epigenetic regulation in cuproptosis, ferroptosis and NETosis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Ferroptosis, cuproptosis and NETosis are various important forms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, with research involving these subtypes of cell death exponentially increased in recent years. Ferroptosis is a unique iron-dependent form of cell death that involves iron transport as well as redox homeostasis within the cell. Cuproposis is a new phenomenon of cell death, primarily driven by the excessive intracellular accumulation of copper ions, with its occurrence and development closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Identification, functional analysis, and clinical applications of defective viral genomes.

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are fragments derived from defective interfering particles (DIPs) that form during viral replication. They play important roles by interfering with complete virus replication and regulating host immune responses. Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatic technology have significantly improved the ability to identify DIPs and DVGs.

Evaluation and identification of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in bermudagrass roots under alkaline salt stress.

Unlabelled: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a potent technique for gene expression analysis, but its accuracy relies heavily on the selection of stable reference genes. In bermudagrass () roots under alkaline salt stress, we sought to identify suitable reference genes. Seven candidates-, , , , , , and -were assessed for specificity, amplification efficiency, and expression stability using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder.

Plasma serotonin precursors and metabolites as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursors and metabolites in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). A total of 287 consecutive postmenopausal women were retrospectively enrolled. Data including age, body mass index (BMI), serum calcium, serum phosphorus, menopausal duration, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, as well as serum and plasma samples were collected.

Semaglultide targets Spp1 microglia/macrophage to attenuate neuroinflammation following perioperative stroke.

Peripheral surgery evokes neuroimmune activation in the central nervous system and modulates immune cell polarization in the ischemic brain. However, the phenotypic change of microglia and myeloid cells within post-surgical ischemic brain tissue remain poorly defined. Using an integrated approach that combines single-cell RNA sequencing with comprehensive biological analysis in a perioperative ischemic stroke (PIS) model, we identified a distinct Spp1-positive macrophage/microglia (Spp1 Mac/MG) subgroup that exhibit enriched anti-inflammatory pathways with distinct lipid metabolic reprogrammed profile.

Lipoprotein-Based Nanocatalyst Enables Targeted Treatment of APAP-Induced Liver Injury via Enhanced Macropinocytosis.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), predominantly caused by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, is characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent hepatocyte necrosis. Although N-acetylcysteine (NAC) remains the only approved treatment, its effectiveness is limited by a narrow therapeutic time window and reduced efficacy in advanced cases. To address these limitations, an innovative therapeutic approach is developed utilizing ceria's antioxidant properties.

Li-migration influencing factors and non-destructive life extension of quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes.

Polymer-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSE) are believed to be the most feasible candidates for solid-state batteries, but they are hindered by relatively lower ionic conductivity and narrower electrochemical window. Here, we synthesize a series of ether-free acrylates containing Li-ligands for high-voltage-stable QSSEs. Our findings demonstrate that the polymer-involved solvation structure is critical in determining the ionic conductivity, and low-temperature crystallization of the polymer can be used for non-destructive life extension of batteries.

St3gal5-mediated sialylation of glyco-CD177 on neutrophils restricts neuroinflammation following CNS injury.

Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte population that play critical roles in neuroinflammation following central nervous system (CNS) injury. CD177, a glycoprotein on neutrophils, is emerging as an important immune regulator which can fundamentally affect multiple human inflammatory diseases. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of CD177 glycobiology of neutrophils in neuroinflammation remain elusive.

Development of a Long-Acting Interleukin-11 Antagonist for the Treatment of Renal Fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis, a key progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), remains a major challenge in nephrology, with no FDA-approved drugs specifically targeting this condition. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for renal fibrosis. In this study, we identified the antifibrotic effects of a recombinant human IL-11 analogue, , in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).

A flexible multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator based on bio-inspired nanocellulose/tannic acid@MXene-composited hydrogel for human healthcare.

MXene-composited conductive hydrogels have received extensive attention in flexible, portable and self-powered wearable electronics based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Yet, the incompatibility of the MXene with hydrogel matrix due to easy oxidation and weak interactions with polymer chains weakens the performance of hydrogels. Herein, inspired by the structure of leaves, tannic acid (TA) with abundant catechol groups was introduced to encapsulate MXene and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) was intercalated to support the MXene nanosheets as leaf vein, forming a stable TOCNF/TA@MXene nano-motif with three-dimensional (3D) network.

Advances in clinical translation of stem cell-based therapy in neurological diseases.

Stem cell-based therapies have raised considerable interest to develop regenerative treatment for neurological disorders with high disability. In this review, we focus on recent preclinical and clinical evidence of stem cell therapy in the treatment of degenerative neurological diseases and discuss different cell types, delivery routes and biodistribution of stem cell therapy. In addition, recent advances of mechanistic insights of stem cell therapy, including functional replacement by exogenous cells, immunomodulation and paracrine effects of stem cell therapies are also demonstrated.

Efficacy study of intermittent theta burst stimulation(iTBS) in the treatment of adolescents with affective disorders.

Background: Affective disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a safe and effective brain stimulation therapy for reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of iTBS in treating adolescent patients with depressive disorders and the factors influencing clinical symptoms.

Microglia balances hypermyelination and demyelination in the brain.

Myelin is crucial for neuron health and central nervous system (CNS) function. Recent research by McNamara highlighted microglia's essential role in compacting the myelin sheath during development and their absence leads to aberrant oligodendrocyte clusters and subsequent cognitive impairment. The study revealed that the critical involvement of the TGFβ1-TGFβR1 axis in microglia-oligodendrocyte communication could influence the oligodendrocyte lipid metabolism and thereby regulate myelin integrity.

Microglia programmed cell death in neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injury.

Programmed cell death (PCD) has emerged as a critical regulatory mechanism in the initiation and progression of various pathological conditions. PCD in microglia, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, occurs in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Dysregulation of microglia can lead to excessive tissue damage or neuronal death in CNS injury.

Mef2c Exacerbates Neuron Necroptosis via Modulating Alternative Splicing of Cflar in Ischemic Stroke With Hyperlipidemia.

Aim: Hyperlipidemia is a common comorbidity of stroke patients, elucidating the mechanism that underlies the exacerbated ischemic brain injury after stroke with hyperlipidemia is emerging as a significant clinical problem due to the growing proportion of hyperlipidemic stroke patients.

Methods: Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced as a mouse model of ischemic stroke.

Clinical outcomes of Omicron infection and vaccine acceptance among pediatric liver transplant recipients: insights from a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Our study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of Omicron infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients (PLTRs), after the national COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, we will investigate changes in vaccine coverage and parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children after this current outbreak.

Methods: We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey to gather information on Omicron infection, vaccination status, and guardian attitude among PLTRs.

Spermidine mediates acetylhypusination of RIPK1 to suppress diabetes onset and progression.

It has been established that N-acetyltransferase (murine NAT1 (mNAT1) and human NAT2 (hNAT2)) mediates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Here we show that mNAT1 deficiency leads to a decrease in cellular spermidine-a natural polyamine exhibiting health-protective and anti-ageing effects-but understanding of its mechanism is limited. We identify that mNAT1 and hNAT2 modulate a type of post-translational modification involving acetylated spermidine, which we name acetylhypusination, on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-a key regulator of inflammation and cell death.

Molecular recognition characteristics of co-assembled peptides on atomically flat graphite surfaces.

Molecular recognition, involving the binding of two or more molecules, is widely found in multiple disciplines. It plays a crucial role in driving specific molecular functionalization or biological activities such as antigen-antibody interactions. Recently, the molecular recognition of single peptides self-assembly at interfaces has been widely investigated since their broad applications in biosensors and bioelectronics.

The Microbial Metabolite Wuyiencin Potentially Targets Threonine Dehydratase in to Achieve Control of Tea Leaf Spot.

Tea leaf spot caused by is a disease that has recently been discovered in the tea plantations of Southwest China and that has a significant negative impact on the yield and quality of tea leaves. Wuyiencin is a nucleotide antimicrobial that is effective against a range of fungal diseases. However, its mode of action is still unclear.

Bimetallic NiCo@C with a Hollow Sea Urchin Structure Enables Li-S Batteries to Hasten the Reaction Kinetics and Effectively Inhibit the Shuttling of Polysulfides.

The "shuttle effect" and several issues related to it are seen as "obstacles" to the study and development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). This work aims at finding how to fully expose bimetallic sites and quicken the battery reaction kinetics. Here, a bimetallic NiCo-MOF and its derivative NiCo@C with a hollow sea urchin structure are produced.

Biogas slurry treatment and biogas upgrading by microalgae-based systems under the induction of different phytohormones.

The low grade of biogas and the difficulty of treating biogas slurry are the two major bottlenecks limiting the sustainable development of the fermentation engineering. This study investigates the potential role of microalgae-microbial symbiosis and phytohormones in solving this challenge. Chlorella microalgae were combined with endophytic bacteria (S395-2) and Clonostachys fungus to construct symbiotic systems.