Socioeconomic differences in the cost-effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention for obesity prevention in early childhood.

Objectives: This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of an early childhood obesity prevention intervention providing telephone and short message service (SMS) support to mothers of children aged 2-4 years by socioeconomic position (SEP).

Methods: A model-based SEP-specific economic evaluation of the intervention was conducted. SEP-specific intervention costs and effects at age 5 years were derived from the trial data and applied to a cohort of 4- to 5-year-old Australian children.

An oomycete effector targets host calmodulin to suppress plant immunity.

Tropical and subtropical fruit trees face serious threats of oomycete-caused plant diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which oomycete pathogens suppress the immunity of these fruit trees remains largely unclear. Effectors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of plant pathogenic oomycetes.

Interpretable Machine Learning Approaches for Identification Acute Aortic Dissection in Chest Pain Patients.

Background: The aim of this study is using interpretable machine learning methods to construct models by combing routine laboratory examination biomarkers and clinical characteristics to identify acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients from other sudden chest pain patients referring to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods: The research encompassed a cohort of 832 individuals, with 515 of them diagnosed as acute aortic dissection patients. Patients were randomly assigned to training and test groups for model development and evaluation, with data collected from medical records and validated by study physicians.

Tactile-Transparent Wearable Sensor for Clinician-Friendly Pulse Wave Velocity Monitoring and Cardiovascular Risk Profiling.

Arterial stiffening is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, particularly affecting organs with low vascular resistance, such as the brain and kidneys. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the clinical gold standard for arterial stiffness assessment; however, conventional equipment requires complex setups and trained operators, limiting real-world and point-of-care monitoring. Here, we introduce a tactile-transparent wearable (TTW) sensor that preserves physicians' tactile pulse palpation abilities while providing quantitative cardiovascular risk assessment by integrating flexible Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) electrodes and ultrathin graphene oxide dielectric films.

Tunable Optical Metamaterial Enables Steganography, Rewriting, and Multilevel Information Storage.

In the realm of secure information storage, optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique, particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices. However, many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurability and dynamic functionality. This study presents a novel approach through the development of dynamic optical-to-chemical energy conversion metamaterials, which enable enhanced steganography and multilevel information storage.

Quantifying aerosol and microbial exposure of healthcare workers in endoscopy suites: a time-based study.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify aerosol and microbial exposure levels during different working hours, analyze temporal air pollution trends in the endoscopy suite, and provide evidence to optimize infection prevention strategies.

Methods: A portable laser particle counter and an airborne bacteria sampler were used to measure aerosol particle concentrations and microbial loads at four time points: before the commencement of work (baseline), and 1, 2, and 3 h after work initiation. Continuous data collection was conducted over 10 consecutive working days.

Engineering Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers through a Counterion-Modulation Strategy for Enhanced Photodynamic Immunotherapy.

The intersystem crossing (ISC) process of photosensitizers (PSs) is crucial for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodynamic immunotherapy. Herein, a counterion-regulation strategy is applied to enhance ISC efficiency in aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs, optimizing type-I ROS production. Three PSs with the same cationic donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure, ,-diphenyl-4-(7-(pyridin-4-yl)benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)aniline (TBP), were synthesized with different counterions: iodide (I), hexafluorophosphate (PF), and tetraphenylborate (PhB).

Nitrogen addition substantially affects plant phenology in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Phenology is a sensitive biological indicator of climate change. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition has amplified phenological shifts, making their study across terrestrial ecosystems crucial for understanding global change responses. While existing research focuses on single ecosystems, comparative analyses are lacking.

Postoperative Vocal Cord Paralysis After Retrieval of a Fishbone Penetrating the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.

A migratory fishbone is not a rare case in otorhinolaryngology clinics in Asia. Deep neck infection is a common complication, and several cases of preoperative vocal cord paralysis have been reported. However, postoperative vocal cord paralysis after the retrieval of a fishbone penetrating the recurrent laryngeal nerve has not been documented.

Overexpressing neurogenic differentiation factor 1 in Müller cells improves retinal function after optic nerve crush injury in adult mice.

Optic nerve injury leads to axonal degeneration and the death of retinal ganglion cells, which ultimately causes vision loss. Notably, current treatments are limited. In the present study, we explored whether neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1 or ND1) overexpression in retinal Müller cells may repair the retina after optic nerve crush in mice.

AI-assisted feedback and reflection in vocal music training: effects on metacognition and singing performance.

Introduction: Metacognition plays a vital role in enhancing learning outcomes and has received increasing attention in recent years. Studies have shown that accomplished musicians typically demonstrate high levels of metacognition, and that reflection and feedback are effective strategies for promoting metacognitive development. This study explores the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and e-learning tools into vocal music training.

AXL and MERTK facilitate tissue repair in severe acute pancreatitis via a CCR5-dependent neutrophil and macrophage crosstalk.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas, characterized by massive cell death, which drives the progression and resolution of the disease. However, little is known about the key regulators in the tissue microenvironment that mediate tissue damage and repair. In this study, we discovered that AXL and MERTK in macrophages are responsible for tissue repair and pancreatic inflammation following SAP.

Effectiveness of a Parent-Based eHealth Intervention on Physical Activity, Dietary Behaviors, and Sleep in Preschoolers: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The prevalence of physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and sleep disturbance among preschoolers is increasing dramatically. Parents play a crucial role in fostering their children's physical activity (PA), dietary behaviors, and sleep habits. Face-to-face interventions have barriers such as time commitment, making eHealth options appealing.

A review of progress in violence risk assessment methods.

Violence often occurs among patients with mental disorders. The risk of violence is assessed under the demand of psychiatric clinical treatment or forensic assessment. Corresponding therapeutic intervention strategies could be developed according to the outcome of the assessment.

Dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography for adrenal adenoma characterization: radiation dose reduction and quantitative agreement of multiphase virtual noncontrast with true noncontrast imaging.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating adrenal lesions; however, the associated radiation exposure remains a significant concern. Dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT)-derived virtual noncontrast (VNC) images may reduce radiation exposure by eliminating dedicated noncontrast scans, yet their agreement with true noncontrast (TNC) imaging remains debated. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the agreement and image quality of VNC images [reconstructed from the arterial phase (VNCa) and portal venous phase (VNCp)] compared to TNC images in adrenal adenomas stratified by lipid content, and to assess the radiation dose reduction.

Multimodal MRI characterization of brain injury in heatstroke: integrating gray matter morphometry and advanced diffusion tractometry.

Objective: To investigate gray-white matter injury in heatstroke using multimodal MRI, and precisely localize damaged white matter segments via automated fiber quantification (AFQ) with clinical correlation.

Results: Compared with the healthy control group, VBM revealed reduced volume in bilateral cerebellar anterior lobes and left fusiform gyrus. TBSS showed widespread white matter abnormalities.

Dual-Probe Strategy-Enabled Multiplex Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Highly Sensitive Screening of Diabetes and Related Complications.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing has emerged as a vital tool in disease surveillance and therapeutic monitoring. However, most current PEC platforms are constrained to single biomarker detection, limiting their utility in comprehensive disease management. In this study, we report the development of a dual-target PEC biosensor by integrating silane molecules and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with carbon nitride materials, specifically designed for monitoring diabetes and its associated complication, uremia.

Novel fusion architecture of multi-location blood flow sounds for arteriovenous fistula stenosis diagnosis.

Background And Objective: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a surgical intervention that establishes an artificial conduit between an artery and a vein, which is essential for hemodialysis treatment. The blood flow sounds has the potential to diagnose AVF stenosis. The research primarily addresses two critical questions: whether there is stenosis within the vascular pathway, and the precise location of the stenosis within the vascular pathway.

Potential of Photoelectric Stimulation with Ultrasmall Carbon Electrode on Neural Tissue: New Directions in Neurostimulation Technology Development.

Neuromodulation technologies have gained considerable attention for their clinical potential in treating neurological disorders and advancing cognition research. However, traditional methods like electrical stimulation and optogenetics face technical and biological challenges that limit their therapeutic and research applications. A promising alternative, photoelectric neurostimulation, uses near-infrared light to generate electrical pulses and thus enables stimulation of neuronal activity without genetic alterations.

Qingqiao polyphenols improve DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3/AIM2 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Qingqiao is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for its heat-clearing, detoxifying, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to these therapeutic effects, it has been commonly employed in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders in China.

Aims Of This Study: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Qingqiao polyphenols (QP) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, particularly the roles of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in regulating pyroptosis.

Nature-Inspired MXene Electrode with the Highly Interconnected Gradient Nanoconfined Architecture.

Achieving efficient ion transport in thick electrodes remains a fundamental challenge in electrochemical systems with high energy density, primarily due to prolonged diffusion pathways and poorly integrated architectures. Leveraging the nanoconfinement effect, (sub)nanoscale channels can significantly accelerate ion transport kinetics to maximize electrochemical performance. Inspired by the hierarchical network structure of bamboo membrane, a gradient nanoconfined MXene electrode (GNC-MX) is designed, where multiscale interlayer spacing is coupled with in-plane mesopores that bridge adjacent nanoconfined channels, enabling synergistic vertical and horizontal ion migration.

Synergistic Effects of Antioxidant Blends: A Comparative Study on Oxidative Stability of Lipids in Feed Matrices.

Lipid peroxidation driven by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation compromises feed quality and animal health. Single antioxidants (e.g.

Physiological Level of Eosinophils Is Essential for the Regeneration and Homeostasis of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Background: Eosinophils play a crucial role in host defense and immunity, yet their regulatory functions within the hematopoietic homeostasis remain poorly understood. Our prior investigations revealed that pathologically elevated eosinophil levels in asthma not only disrupt bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence but also establish a self-reinforcing cycle of eosinophil lineage commitment. Here, we further investigate the critical role of physiologically steady-state levels of eosinophils in maintaining HSC functions.

Photodimerization-Mediated Intramolecular Cross-Linking of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Cyclodextrin-Based Polyrotaxanes.

Intramolecular cross-linking of mechanically interlocked polyrotaxanes (PRXs) is promising to create novel single-chain nanoparticles with distinct architectures and properties. Here, we report intramolecular cross-linking of thermoresponsive dendronized cyclodextrin-based PRXs through photodimerization mediated by dendritic confinement. These PRXs are based on polyethylene glycol axle, which are dendronized with cinnamate-cored threefold dendritic oligo(ethylene glycol)s (OEGs) to contribute dually thermoresponsive and photo-cross-linkable functions.