Nitrogen addition substantially affects plant phenology in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Phenology is a sensitive biological indicator of climate change. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition has amplified phenological shifts, making their study across terrestrial ecosystems crucial for understanding global change responses. While existing research focuses on single ecosystems, comparative analyses are lacking.

Facet-oriented SnO@Ni hollow fiber enables ampere-level CO electroreduction to formate with 85% single-pass conversion.

The electrochemical conversion of CO into liquid fuels is a promising strategy for achieving carbon neutrality. Tin dioxide (SnO) shows a notable ability to electrocatalytically convert CO into formate, though its efficiency is significantly limited by its low catalytic activity. Herein, we construct facet-oriented SnO nanoflowers all standing on a three-dimensional nickel hollow fiber that exhibits superior CO-to-formate electrocatalytic performance.

LMNB2-mediated high PD-L1 transcription triggers the immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma.

While immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) demonstrate clinical efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumor cells frequently evade immune surveillance through PD-L1 overexpression, a phenomenon whose regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through integrated analysis of single-cell transcription sequence data, we identified aberrant upregulation of Lamin B2 (LMNB2) specifically in immunotherapy-sensitive HCC patients. Functional characterization revealed that LMNB2 acts as a transcriptional regulator of PD-L1, potentiating immune escape mechanisms in HCC cells during co-culture with Jurkat cells.

[A Prospective Cohort Study on Soy Product Intake and the Risk of Lung Cancer Based on Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank].

Background: Lung cancer is one of the malignant cancers with the highest incidence rate, and it is important to identify the factors contributing to lung cancer carcinogenesis for prevention. Lifestyle and genetic factors play important roles in cancer development, however the impact of dietary factors, such as soy product intake, on lung cancer risk remains inadequately understood. This study aims to explore the associations between soy product intake, genetic risk, and lung cancer incidence, and validate the consistent effects of soy product intake in European populations, thereby providing new insights for lung cancer prevention.

Carbon Hollow Fiber Penetration Electrode with Unsaturated Ni-N Coordination for Enhanced CO Electroreduction.

Hollow fiber gas penetration electrodes with a compact hierarchical pore structure have emerged as promising platforms for CO electroreduction. However, developing carbon hollow fiber electrodes with efficient CO electrocatalytic performance remains unexplored and challenging. Herein, a straightforward strategy is presented to fabricate robust, self-standing carbon hollow fiber electrodes modified with an unsaturated Ni-N coordination structure.

Different responses of canopy and shrub leaves to canopy nitrogen and water addition in warm temperate forest.

Introduction: Understanding the effects of nitrogen deposition and increased rainfall on plants is critical for maintaining forest ecosystem services. Although previous studies primarily examined the effects of environmental changes on leaf functional traits, the underlying physiological and metabolic processes associated with these traits remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation.

Methods: To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the influence of canopy nitrogen (25 kg ha yr) and water (30% of the local precipitation) addition on leaf functional traits, diversity, and associated physiological and metabolic processes in the dominant species of tree and shrub layers.

The role of IGF2BP3/SPOP/c-Myc loop in paclitaxel resistance of endometrial cancer.

Paclitaxel combination therapy is the main chemotherapy regimen for endometrial cancer (EC); however, subsequent drug resistance is a bottleneck limiting its widespread clinical application. We found that human insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was abnormally elevated in paclitaxel-resistant EC cells and confirmed that the reduction of IGF2BP3 can effectively improve the sensitivity of EC cells to paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, elevated IGF2BP3 promotes the half-life of c-Myc by competitively inhibiting Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc.

DNA-RNA hybrids in inflammation: sources, immune response, and therapeutic implications.

Cytoplasmic DNA-RNA hybrids are emerging as important immunogenic nucleic acids, that were previously underappreciated. DNA-RNA hybrids, formed during cellular processes like transcription and replication, or by exogenous pathogens, are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including cGAS, DDX41, and TLR9, which trigger immune responses. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation, and palmitoylation regulate the activity of PRRs and downstream signaling molecules, fine-tuning the immune response.

Reversible Angle Distortion-Dependent Electrochemical CO Reduction on Cobalt Phthalocyanine.

Deducing the local electronic and atomic structural changes in active sites during electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction is essential for elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms and developing highly active catalysts that are stable for a long duration. Herein, utilizing valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy and high energy-resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure, combined with spectroscopic calculations, the atomic and electronic structure evolutions of the model cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) were quantitatively elucidated. Under real reaction conditions, CoPc undergoes reversible angle distortion while maintaining a constant metal-ligand bond length, causing changes in the energy levels of split d orbitals and electron density of molecular orbitals.

Monte Carlo-based realistic simulation of optical coherence tomography angiography.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers unparalleled capabilities for non-invasive detection of vessels. However, the lack of accurate models for light-tissue interaction in OCTA jeopardizes the development of the techniques to further extract quantitative information from the measurements. In this manuscript, we propose a Monte Carlo (MC)-based simulation method to precisely describe the signal formation of OCTA based on the fundamental theory of light-tissue interactions.

Physics-guided deep learning-based real-time image reconstruction of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography.

In this paper, we introduce a physics-guided deep learning approach for high-quality, real-time Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) image reconstruction. Unlike traditional supervised deep learning methods, the proposed method employs unsupervised learning. It leverages the underlying OCT imaging physics to guide the neural networks, which could thus generate high-quality images and provide a physically sound solution to the original problem.

Influence of nitrogen water interaction on leaf functional traits of dominant species in warm temperate forest.

Plant functional traits are indicative of plant responses to environmental changes, influencing ecosystem functions. Leaves, as a key focus in studying plant functional traits, present an area where the impact of nitrogen deposition and altered rainfall patterns on functional diversity remains ambiguous. To elucidate plant response mechanisms to environmental factors, we employed a canopy-based platform to add nitrogen, water, and their combination.

Spatial-coupled Ampere-level Electrochemical Propylene Epoxidation over RuO/Ti Hollow-fiber Penetration Electrodes.

The electrochemical propylene epoxidation reaction (PER) provides a promising route for ecofriendly propylene oxide (PO) production, instantly generating active halogen/oxygen species to alleviate chloride contamination inherent in traditional PER. However, the complex processes and unsatisfactory PO yield for current electrochemical PER falls short of meeting industrial application requirements. Herein, a spatial-coupling strategy over RuO/Ti hollow-fiber penetration electrode (HPE) is adopted to facilitate efficient PO production, significantly improving PER performance to ampere level (achieving over 80 % PO faradaic efficiency and a maximum PO current density of 859 mA cm).

Ampere-level CO electroreduction with single-pass conversion exceeding 85% in acid over silver penetration electrodes.

Synthesis of valuable chemicals from CO electroreduction in acidic media is highly desirable to overcome carbonation. However, suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction in such proton-rich environments remains a considerable challenge. The current study demonstrates the use of a hollow fiber silver penetration electrode with hierarchical micro/nanostructures to enable CO reduction to CO in strong acids via balanced coordination of CO and K/H supplies.

Tensile-Strained Cu Penetration Electrode Boosts Asymmetric C-C Coupling for Ampere-Level CO-to-C Reduction in Acid.

The synthesis of multicarbon (C) products remains a substantial challenge in sustainable CO electroreduction owing to the need for sufficient current density and faradaic efficiency alongside carbon efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate ampere-level high-efficiency CO electroreduction to C products in both neutral and strongly acidic (pH=1) electrolytes using a hierarchical Cu hollow-fiber penetration electrode (HPE). High concentration of K could concurrently suppress hydrogen evolution reaction and facilitate C-C coupling, thereby promoting C production in strong acid.

A Ce-CuZn catalyst with abundant Cu/Zn-O-Ce active sites for CO hydrogenation to methanol.

CO hydrogenation to chemicals and fuels is a significant approach for achieving carbon neutrality. It is essential to rationally design the chemical structure and catalytic active sites towards the development of efficient catalysts. Here we show a Ce-CuZn catalyst with enriched Cu/Zn-O-Ce active sites fabricated through the atomic-level substitution of Cu and Zn into Ce-MOF precursor.

Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide for Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methane to Oxygenates.

Photocatalytic conversion of methane (CH) to value-added chemicals using HO as the oxidant under mild conditions is a desired sustainable pathway for synthesizing commodity chemicals. However, controlling product selectivity while maintaining high product yields is greatly challenging. Herein, we develop a highly efficient strategy, based on the precise control of the types of nitrogen dopants, and the design of photocatalysts, to achieve high selectivity and productivity of oxygenates via CH photocatalytic conversion.

Electrochemical Epoxidation of Propylene to Propylene Oxide via Halogen-Mediated Systems.

As one of the most important derivatives of propylene, the production of propylene oxide (PO) is severely restricted. The traditional chlorohydrin process is being eliminated due to environmental concerns, while processes such as Halcon and hydrogen peroxide epoxidation are limited by cost and efficiency, making it difficult to meet market demand. Therefore, achieving PO production through clean and efficient technologies has received extensive attention, and halogen-mediated electrochemical epoxidation of alkene is considered to be a desirable technology for the production of alkylene oxide.

Construction of High-Density Binuclear Site Catalysts from Double Framework Interfaces at the Cooling Stage.

Low-nuclear site catalysts with dual atoms have the potential for applications in energy and catalysis chemistry. Understanding the formation mechanism of dual metal sites is crucial for optimizing local structures and designing desired binuclear sites catalysts. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the formation process of dual atoms through the pyrolysis of the interface of a double framework using Zn atoms in metal-organic frameworks and Co atoms in covalent organic frameworks.

Importance sampling-accelerated simulation of full-spectrum backscattered diffuse reflectance.

The Monte Carlo (MC) method is one of the most widely used numerical tools to model the light interaction with tissue. However, due to the low photon collection efficiency and the need to simulate the entire emission spectrum, it is computationally expensive to simulate the full-spectrum backscattered diffuse reflectance (F-BDR). Here, we propose an acceleration scheme based on importance sampling (IS).

Unveiling the efficient state of Pd catalyst for robust electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination.

The application of electrochemical hydrodechlorination has been impeded due to the low utilization and activity of Pd catalyst. Herein, a series of Pd catalysts were prepared via the controllable evolution of Zn state during the pyrolysis of ZIF-8 nanosheet. Various forms of Pd with different chemical surroundings were generated upon the combined use of galvanic displacement and ion exchange process.

Highly Efficient CO Reduction at Steady 2 A cm by Surface Reconstruction of Silver Penetration Electrode.

Electroreduction of CO to CO is a promising route for greenhouse gas resource utilization, but it still suffers from impractical current density and poor durability. Here, a nanosheet shell (NS) vertically standing on the Ag hollow fiber (NS@Ag HF) surface formed by electrochemical surface reconstruction is reported. As-prepared NS@Ag HF as a gas penetration electrode exhibited a high CO faradaic efficiency of 97% at an ultra-high current density of 2.

Ni Nanoclusters Anchored on Ni-N-C Sites for CO Electroreduction at High Current Densities.

Transition metal catalyst-based electrocatalytic CO reduction is a highly attractive approach to fulfill the renewable energy storage and a negative carbon cycle. However, it remains a great challenge for the earth-abundant VIII transition metal catalysts to achieve highly selective, active, and stable CO electroreduction. Herein, bamboo-like carbon nanotubes that anchor both Ni nanoclusters and atomically dispersed Ni-N-C sites (NiNCNT) are developed for exclusive CO conversion to CO at stable industry-relevant current densities.