The Therapeutic Potential of Andrographolide and Its Derivatives in Inflammatory Diseases.

Andrographolide, a diterpenoid component found in traditional Chinese medicine Andrographis paniculata, is known as a natural antibiotic and can be used to treat inflammatory lesions of various systemic diseases. In recent years, andrographolide derivatives have been continuously synthesized and have shown good anti-inflammatory pharmacological activity. These derivatives are mainly obtained by chemical synthesis methods, for example, by altering the hydroxyl and double bond groups in the molecule of andrographolide and introducing different substituents, thus obtaining derivatives with different biological activities and pharmacological properties.

Lipid-Based Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Potential for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to delayed diagnosis and multidrug resistance, necessitating innovative strategies to enhance early detection and therapeutic efficacy. This review evaluates the role of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), including liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, as advanced drug delivery systems in providing innovative solutions for RCC diagnosis and treatment. These LNPs exhibit unique advantages of great biocompatibility, biodegradability, extended circulation, and tumor-targeting capabilities, which enable precise drug delivery, controlled release, and circumvention of drug resistance mechanisms.

Efficient aerobic nitrate removal and nitrogen metabolism of the salt-tolerant Halomonas alkaliphila HYJ1.

The rapid expansion of the mariculture industry has significantly increased the production of nitrogen-rich wastewater, highlighting an urgent need for more efficient treatment technologies. However, the high salinity in mariculture wastewater severely inhibits microbial metabolism, underscoring the critical necessity for introducing high-efficient salt-tolerant strains to enhance the nitrogen removal process. To address this challenge, a salt-tolerant bacterial strain, Halomonas alkaliphila HYJ1, with remarkable aerobic nitrate removal capability was successfully isolated and identified in this study.

Planner3D: LLM-enhanced Graph Prior Meets 3D Indoor Scene Explicit Regularization.

Compositional 3D scene synthesis has diverse applications across a spectrum of industries such as robotics, films, and video games, as it closely mirrors the complexity of real-world multi-object environments. Conventional works typically employ shape retrieval based frameworks which naturally suffer from limited shape diversity. Recent progresses have been made in object shape generation with generative models such as diffusion models, which increases the shape fidelity.

A robot arm-assisted acupuncture system with motion and force monitoring: establishment and validation.

Objective: Traditional manual acupuncture faces challenges in quantifying stimulation parameters and preserving techniques consistency. This study presents a robot arm-assisted acupuncture system replicating manual manipulations with precise motion and force monitoring.

Methods: System validation was conducted through a Laser Vibrometer to measure multiple frequency-amplitude combinations, followed by comparative analysis between robotic and manual acupuncture manipulations using both motion and force monitoring.

Global, regional, and national larynx cancer burden and health inequality analysis from 1990 to 2021 with a prediction from 2022 to 2040.

Background: To assess the global burden and health inequalities of laryngeal cancer from 1990 to 2021 and to project future trends up to 2040.

Methods: Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, this study analyzed trends in prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of laryngeal cancer from 2009 to 2021, with annual percentage change (EAPC) estimates. Inequalities were assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI), while future projections to 2040 were made using the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model.

Trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the process of metropolitanization of Shanghai, 1973-2017.

Background: Shanghai has become a modern and international metropolis. A more comprehensive understanding of cancer incidence and mortality rates and socioenvironmental factors is explored to develop effective cancer control policies in Shanghai.

Methods: Cancer registration data are currently collected in Shanghai from 1973 to 2017, and socioenvironmental factors were obtained from the Shanghai statistical yearbook.

Research progress of bioactive glass in the remineralization of dental hard tissue.

Bioactive glass (BAG) is a widely researched biomaterial in medical science. Renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility and excellent biosafety profile, it has been extensively utilized in clinical practice, especially in the repair and regeneration of bone and soft tissue. In recent years, biomaterials researchers have intensified their exploration of BAG within dental medicine, spanning prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and periodontology.

Curcumin-loaded nanoscale coordination polymers for ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory therapy in atherosclerosis.

The progression of atherosclerosis (AS) is marked by escalating chronic inflammation and oxidative stress within the arterial wall, which heightens the risk of plaque rupture and subsequent acute ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Conventional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies, however, are often limited by modest efficacy and potential side effects. Here, we synthesized iron-curcumin coordination polymers (Fe-Cur CPs) coordinated by trivalent iron ions and the natural product curcumin (Cur).

TA@PN System-Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking and Biomimetic Mineralization for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion in Dentin Hypersensitivity Management.

The hydrodynamic theory suggests that the multidirectional flow of fluids within demineralized dentinal tubules (DTs) in response to external stimuli excites pulpal nerve fibers to produce nociception, causing dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Meanwhile, demineralized dentin's collagen fibers are susceptible to attack by endogenous enzymes and disintegration, continuously decreasing the resistance of the dentin surface and dentin's mechanical properties. Recross-linking and mineralizing damaged collagen fibers, closing DTs, and integrating antienzymatic functions remain significant challenges in dental regenerative medicine.

Phase Transition-Induced Regulation of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Doping System.

Switching between triplet-involved room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and delayed fluorescence (DF) is pivotal for advancing molecular encryption application but remains a significant challenge in multicomponent material systems. In this study, we successfully realized the selective modulation of RTP and DF emissions in a donor-acceptor doping system by inducing conformational changes in the donor through solid-liquid transition. In the solid state, the donor adopts a highly twisted quasi-axial conformation, which effectively suppresses non-radiative decay, resulting in efficient green RTP.

Nuclear-localized SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis via deacetylating p53.

The function of silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in promoting or inhibiting apoptosis remains a subject of debate. Here, we aim to evaluate the roles of nuclear-localized SIRT1 in STS/DOX-induced apoptosis. Silencing nuclear-localized SIRT1 significantly enhanced STS/DOX-induced apoptosis, while overexpression of nuclear-localized SIRT1 markedly inhibited STS/DOX-induced process, demonstrating the anti-apoptotic ability of the nuclear-localized SIRT1.

Heparin administration at first medical contact vs immediately before primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the HELP-PCI trial.

Background And Aims: The beneficial effect of pre-treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) at first medical contact (FMC) before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in all-comers with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains uncertain.

Methods: HELP-PCI was an investigator-initiated, randomized controlled trial conducted at 36 clinical centres in China. Patients with STEMI presenting ≤12 h after symptom onset undergoing PPCI were randomly assigned (1:1) to intravenous administration with UFH (100 U/kg) at FMC or in the Cath Lab through a catheter sheath.

Preoperative geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of postoperative delirium in revision arthroplasty: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between the preoperative geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing hip or knee revision arthroplasty.

Methods: 820 patients who underwent hip or knee revision arthroplasty from January 2014 to September 2024 were included. The exposure variable was preoperative GNRI, and the outcome variable was POD, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).

Decarbonylative Liebeskind-Srogl Reductive Pyridination of Aromatic Thioesters by Cobalt Catalysis.

Palladium-catalyzed nondecarbonylative Liebeskind-Srogl reactions of aryl thioesters have evolved as a powerful tool for the synthesis of ketones. In sharp contrast, decarbonylative Liebeskind-Srogl coupling remains a huge challenge. Herein, we present a cobalt-catalyzed decarbonylative Liebeskind-Srogl reductive pyridination of aromatic thioesters with pyridinyl phosphonium salts.

Directly Oxidizing Ethanol to Glycolic Acid over a Single-Rh-Site Catalyst via Water-Mediated Oxygen Shuttle.

Direct oxidation of ethanol to glycolic acid in aqueous solutions under mild conditions offers opportunities for sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report a water-mediated oxygen-shuttle mechanism on S/N/I atoms synergistically coordinated single-Rh-site catalysts (Rh/AC-SNI) to enable the direct production of glycolic acid from ethanol oxidation with 93% selectivity in liquid products and a TOF of 250 h at 160 °C. Comprehensive characterizations including isotope labeling experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated via O/I-triggered HO dissociation, insert into C-I bonds to form hydroxyl groups and meanwhile, replace the original OH in ethanol to form C═O, ensuring that all oxygen atoms of glycolic acid directly originate from HO.

Mast cell degranulation mediates analgesic effects of acupuncture at different stimulation durations in arthritic rats.

Background: To understand the effect and mechanism of different acupuncture durations on analgesic effects.

Methods: An adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model evaluated the therapeutic effects of acupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint (ST36). A robotic arm provided stable lifting-thrusting stimulation for different durations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min).

Formation and centromere inactivation of fusion chromosomes in two allotetraploid species from the Saccharum complex.

Chromosome fusion can cause a change in the basic chromosome number of a species, thus imposing a major impact on speciation. However, there are few studies on the structure and evolution of fusion chromosomes in plants. Erianthus rockii and Narenga porphyrocoma are allotetraploid species within the Saccharum complex.

Near-complete genome assembly of allotetraploid Erianthus rockii reveals unique chromosome evolution and lineage-divergence trajectories in the Saccharum complex.

The Saccharum complex is known for having one of the most intricate genomes among plants, primarily originating from autopolyploidization. Erianthus rockii (E. rockii), an allotetraploid species within the Saccharum complex, serves as a key phylogenetic reference for studying polyploidization in Saccharum.

Graphene-Loaded LiNbO Directional Coupler: Characteristics and Potential Applications.

This study explores the impact of graphene integration on lithium niobate (LiNbO, LN) ridge waveguides and directional couplers, focusing on coupling efficiency, polarization-dependent light absorption, and temperature sensitivity. Experimental and simulation results reveal that graphene loading significantly alters the effective mode refractive index and enhances waveguide coupling, enabling precise control over light transmission and power distribution. The temperature-dependent behavior of graphene-LN structures demonstrates strong thermal sensitivity, with notable changes in output power ratios between cross and through ports under varying temperatures.

The sugarcane ScMYB3R1-ScPYL61-ScPP2C57 module confers drought tolerance via ABA signaling.

Drought stress constitutes a significant challenge for plant growth, particularly impacting sugarcane yield and quality. MYB transcription factors play a pivotal role in regulating drought tolerance in plants, yet investigations into the 3R-MYB subfamily remain limited. Here, we identified 35 sugarcane 3R-MYB genes, in which ScMYB3R1 significantly responds to PEG and ABA treatments.

Expression and Clinical Significance of PIM1 in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of proviral integration of Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to investigate its clinical significance, including its expression and prognostic value in AML.

Methods: Bone marrow samples were obtained from 80 newly diagnosed AML patients (observation group) and 20 healthy individuals (control group). Clinical and pathological characteristics of AML patients were collected.

Responses of Subsoil Organic Carbon to Climate Warming and Cooling Is Determined by Microbial Community Rather Than Its Molecular Composition.

Little is currently known about how long-term climate changes modulate the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) molecular composition, microbial community and SOC storage and the mechanisms involved. Here, we show substantial changes in subsoil SOC in the Qinghai-Tibetan alpine grasslands over 16 years of soil warming and cooling. Warming reduced SOC content by 8.

Microglial BDNF modulates arketamine's antidepressant-like effects through cortico-accumbal pathways.

Arketamine, the ()-enantiomer of ()-ketamine, shows even greater rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in rodent models compared to esketamine, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model to investigate how arketamine exerts its antidepressant-like effects. We found that activating cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) at S133 and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) at S421 drives the transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), contributing to arketamine's antidepressant-like effects.

Morning vs Bedtime Dosing and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Reduction in Patients With Hypertension: The OMAN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nocturnal blood pressure is difficult to manage in clinical practice. Antihypertensive chronotherapy may offer a potential approach for better control. However, the clinical evidence supporting this approach remains controversial.