Phase Transition-Induced Regulation of Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence in Doping System.

Switching between triplet-involved room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and delayed fluorescence (DF) is pivotal for advancing molecular encryption application but remains a significant challenge in multicomponent material systems. In this study, we successfully realized the selective modulation of RTP and DF emissions in a donor-acceptor doping system by inducing conformational changes in the donor through solid-liquid transition. In the solid state, the donor adopts a highly twisted quasi-axial conformation, which effectively suppresses non-radiative decay, resulting in efficient green RTP.

Design and application of broadband and wide-angle double-layer diffractive optical element based on dual-objective optimization.

This paper presents a dual-objective optimization method to tackle the low diffraction efficiency and high angular sensitivity of traditional double-layer diffractive optical elements (DLDOEs) in broadband and wide-angle scenarios. By developing a mean-standard deviation dual-objective diffraction efficiency evaluation model (MSDODE) and incorporating material library matching constraints based on dispersion characteristics, we achieve a globally coordinated optimization of DLDOE substrate material selection and microstructure height. The optimized design attains an average diffraction efficiency of 0.

The transcription factor StERF75 negatively regulates starch biosynthesis by targeting Isoamylase in potato.

Starch yield is closely related to the nutritional and economic value of potato. Transcriptional regulation of starch biosynthesis is an important process, however, it remains elusive in potato. An AP2/ERF transcription factor, StERF75, was responsive to sucrose and ABA stimuli, and its function in starch biosynthesis was characterized in this study.

Polymers Microspheres as Colorful Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Delivery for Printable Optical Multiplexing.

The development of ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials with programmable color is of great significance yet remains challenging for various optoelectronic applications. In this work, a novel type of polymer microspheres is presented as versatile carriers capable of regulating UOP colors through the reversible absorption and release of different phosphors. The rigid environment, facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the aryl carboxylic acid groups of the phosphors and the crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) microspheres, effectively suppresses non-radiative transitions, enabling UOP with an impressive emission lifetime of 3.

Wavefront-coded image restoration technology based on multi-scale deep neural networks.

Optical imaging systems are significantly affected by aerodynamic thermal effects under varying flight conditions, resulting in complex image blurring. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel wavefront-coded image restoration method based on a multi-scale deep autoencoder neural network (MS-DAE). By modulating blur levels and incorporating a multi-scale loss function with residual attention mechanisms, the proposed method achieves a remarkable improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by 16.

Discovery of Novel Pyrazole/Thiazole Derivatives Containing Cyano/Thiocyanato Groups as Fungicide Candidates.

The introduction of groups with high drug activity is an effective strategy for discovering novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides, providing insights for the future design of SDHI fungicides with higher efficacy and resistance. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel pyrazole/thiazole derivatives containing cyano/thiocyanato groups and evaluated them for antifungal activity. Some of the designed compounds exhibited promising antifungal activities against tested fungi, among them, compounds and displayed excellent activity against with EC values of 1.

Ezh2 Regulates Early Astrocyte Morphogenesis and Influences the Coverage of Astrocytic Endfeet on the Vasculature.

Astrocytes are crucial for central nervous system (CNS) development and function, with their differentiation being stringently controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications. Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, is essential for the suppression of gene expression. However, the role of EZH2 in astrocyte early morphogenesis has remained unclear.

Compromised cell competition exhausts neural stem cells pool.

Blood vessels play a crucial role in maintaining the stem cell niche in both tumours and developing organs. Cell competition is critical for tumour progression. We hypothesise that blood vessels may act as a regulator of this process.

Organic Phosphorescent Hopper-Shaped Microstructures.

Hopper-shaped microcrystals, an unusual type of crystal with a large specific surface area, are promising for use in catalysis, drug delivery, and gas sensors. In contrast to well-studied inorganic hopper-shaped crystals, organic phosphorescent concave hopper-shaped microstructures are rarely reported. This study reports the synthesis of two types of organic stepped indented hopper-shaped microstructures with efficient room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) using a liquid phase self-assembly strategy.

NiH-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkylation for the Synthesis of β- or γ-Branched Chiral Aromatic N-Heterocycles.

A nickel hydride-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction was developed to give access to a library of chiral β- or γ-branched aromatic N-heterocycles. This intriguing asymmetric transformation features excellent selectivities, step- and atom-economies, and generating two kinds of chiral products through one synthetic strategy. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism was extensively investigated using numerous control experiments and density functional theory calculations.

DOCK2 Deficiency Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation-Brief Report.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially lethal disease that lacks pharmacological treatment. Degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, especially elastin laminae, is the hallmark for AAA development. DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) has shown proinflammatory effects in several inflammatory diseases and acts as a novel mediator for vascular remodeling.

Endothelial cells regulated by RNF20 orchestrate the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells during embryonic development.

The intimate communication between the vascular and nervous systems is critical for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) development. However, whether cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) can orchestrate neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation and differentiation, and the identity of the signals involved therein, is unclear. Here, we find that the development of ECs is often accompanied by DNA damage.

Endothelial Cells Mediated by UCP2 Control the Neurogenic-to-Astrogenic Neural Stem Cells Fate Switch During Brain Development.

During mammalian cortical development, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) gradually alter their characteristics, and the timing of generation of neurons and glial cells is strictly regulated by internal and external factors. However, whether the blood vessels located near NSCs affect the neurogenic-to-gliogenic transition remain unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that endothelial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) deletion reduces blood vessel diameter and affects the transition timing of neurogenesis and gliogenesis.

(Fluoromethylsulfonyl)methylation of Quinoxalinones Using NaSOCHF for C-F Bond Cleavage.

We developed a facile, efficient, and scalable route to achieve monofluoromethylsulfinyl alkylation of quinoxalinones. NaSOCHF served as the source of methylene to construct new C-C and C-S bonds via C-F bond cleavage. NaSOCHF was also the source of SOCHF.

Chiral 1,2,3-Triazolium Salt Catalyzed Asymmetric Mono- and Dialkylation of 2,5-Diketopiperazines with the Construction of Tetrasubstituted Carbon Centers.

Novel asymmetric mono- and dialkylation reactions of α-substituted 2,5-diketopiperazines catalyzed by new chiral spirocyclic-amide-derived triazolium organocatalysts have been developed, resulting in a range of enantioenriched 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives containing one or two tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. The reactions feature high yields (up to 98%), and excellent cis-diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, >99 % ee), and they provide a new asymmetric synthetic approach to important functionalized 2,5-diketopiperazine skeletons. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on both control experiments and extensive DFT calculations.

Electrochemical Mechanism of Recovery of Nickel Metal from Waste Lithium Ion Batteries by Molten Salt Electrolysis.

With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries, the cumulative amount of used lithium-ion batteries is also increasing year by year. Since waste lithium-ion batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals, the recovery of valuable metals has become one of the current research hotspots. The research uses electrometallurgical technology, and the main methods used are cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, chronoamperometry and open circuit potential.

Study on the Behavior of Electrochemical Extraction of Cobalt from Spent Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathode Materials.

The molten salt electrochemical method was used to reduce the Co in spent LiCoO. The reduction mechanism of Co (III) in LiCoO was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and open circuit potential. The reduction process of Co (III) on Fe electrode was studied in NaCl-CaCl-LiCoO molten salt system at 750 °C.

CD8 T Cells Involved in Metabolic Inflammation in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Liver of Transgenic Pigs.

Anti-inflammatory therapies have the potential to become an effective treatment for obesity-related diseases. However, the huge gap of immune system between human and rodent leads to limitations of drug discovery. This work aims at constructing a transgenic pig model with higher risk of metabolic diseases and outlining the immune responses at the early stage of metaflammation by transcriptomic strategy.

LC Domain-Mediated Coalescence Is Essential for Otu Enzymatic Activity to Extend Drosophila Lifespan.

In eukaryotic cells, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) interact with RNAs to form ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNA granules) that have long been thought to regulate RNA fate or activity. Emerging evidence suggests that some RBPs not only bind RNA but also possess enzymatic activity related to ubiquitin regulation, raising important questions of whether these RBP-formed RNA granules regulate ubiquitin signaling and related biological functions. Here, we show that Drosophila Otu binds RNAs and coalesces to membrane-less biomolecular condensates via its intrinsically disordered low-complexity domain, and coalescence represents a functional state for Otu exerting deubiquitinase activity.

Systemic overexpression of the 11β‑HSD1 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress in multiple tissues and the development of metabolic syndrome in mice.

Glucocorticoids are associated with lipid metabolism and their abnormal expression has an important function in the development of metabolic syndrome. The 11β‑hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‑HSD1) is a metabolic enzyme of glucocorticoids and may be a potential drug target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, the association between the systemic expression of 11β‑HSD1 and metabolic syndrome remains to be elucidated.

Olfactomedin 2 Regulates Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling Through Mediating Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Binding to Serum Response Factor.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of Olfactomedin 2 (Olfm2) in smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling.

Approach And Results: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induces Olfm2 expression in primary SMCs while modulating SMC phenotype as shown by the downregulation of SMC marker proteins. Knockdown of Olfm2 blocks platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced SMC phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and migration.

Surfactant protein A deficiency exacerbates renal interstitial fibrosis following obstructive injury in mice.

Renal interstitial fibrosis is an inevitable consequence of virtually every type of chronic kidney disease. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not completely understood. In the present study, we identified surfactant protein A (SP-A) as a novel protein factor involved in the renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO).

Characterization of long non-coding RNA transcriptome in high-energy diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis minipigs.

Today, obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are a worldwide epidemic, although how these syndromes are regulated with respect to lncRNAs remains largely unknown. Our previous studies have revealed important pathological features and molecular characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the minipig model, and in this study, we analyze the features of lncRNAs and their potential target genes. Minipig samples only from liver were analyzed using next-generation deep sequencing.

Free-space reflection method for measuring moisture content and bulk density of particulate materials at microwave frequency.

A measurement system based on free-space reflection method is designed for simultaneous and independent determination of moisture content and bulk density of particulate materials. The proposed system consists of microwave cavity oscillator, horn antenna, slide rail, sample holder, mixer, and digital meter. Sand and rice with different moisture contents and bulk densities are chosen as samples.