Non-Contact Dipole Moment Electric Modulation Achieving High Performance Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors.

Near-infrared (NIR) detectors, serving as critical technological nodes bridging microscopic molecular recognition and macroscopic intelligent perception, meet the demands of cutting-edge technologies such as multispectral imaging. Organic semiconductor materials demonstrate unique advantages for NIR organic photodetectors (OPDs) due to their precisely tunable bandgaps, solution processability, flexibility compatibility, and biocompatibility. However, the narrow-bandgap intrinsic characteristics required for NIR response inevitably lead to carrier concentration surge that exponentially increases dark current, while hot carriers undergo phonon scattering relaxation that suppresses carrier collection.

High-Performance Thick-Film All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Blade-Coating Process Assisted by a Direct Nonuniform Electric Field.

The incorporation of thick active layers (>300 nm) is an essential requirement for wide-scale industrial production of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it is still challenging to achieve efficient thick film devices, in particular for all-polymer OSCs, which are generally considered the most stable type of OSCs. In this study, a simple yet effective method is introduced by using a direct current (DC) field to manipulate the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films within all-polymer OSCs during a blade coating process.

Non-coding RNA mediates the defense-associated reverse transcriptase (DRT) anti-phage oligomerization transition.

Defense-associated reverse transcriptase (DRT) systems are implicated in prokaryotic resistance to viral infections, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their functionality remain largely unknown. Here, we characterize a two-component DRT9 system, composed of a reverse transcriptase (RT) and a non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which exhibits a protein-primed DNA synthesis activity upon phage infection. We also determine its cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures in different functional states.

Naphazoline eye drops for the treatment of Horner syndrome following radical thyroid cancer surgery: A case report.

Horner syndrome is a rare complication following thyroid surgery, typically presenting with ptosis, miosis, and ocular congestion. We report the case of a 30-year-old female diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent left thyroid lobectomy, isthmectomy, and comprehensive left cervical lymph node dissection. On the first postoperative day, the patient developed left-sided ptosis, a constricted pupil, blurred vision, and conjunctival congestion, leading to a clinical diagnosis of Horner syndrome.

Exogenous Melatonin Inhibits the Expression of GmABI5 and Enhances Drought Resistance in Fodder Soybean Through an ABA-Independent Pathway.

Drought is a pivotal abiotic stress that hampers plant growth and development; however, melatonin has emerged as a crucial regulator in mitigating plant responses to such drought-induced stress. By subjecting the plants to drought conditions and applying exogenous melatonin, we found that melatonin significantly improves the drought tolerance of fodder soybean. Remarkably, both stomatal examination and hormone analysis point to a substantial reduction in the endogenous ABA levels following melatonin treatment.

Maximizing aerosol filtration via acoustics.

The removal of airborne particulate matter (PM, PM, and PM) is of huge importance to improving air quality, which has direct impact on human health and industrial processes that require clean environments. To achieve this, fibrous air filters have been widely used to remove PM but is often associated with high energy consumption as particles quickly clog the windward pores. This increases airflow resistance and requires frequent replacements that underutilizes filter materials.

A Low-Friction Capsule Robot with Drive-Control-Sensing Integration for Gastrointestinal Lesion Detection.

pH and temperature in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are correlated with many diseases, but patients suffer from the pain of traditional testing methods. Functionalized capsule robots for GI tract sensing offer a potential approach for early GI disease diagnosis. However, most capsule robots struggle with control and sensing integration.

CTHRC1 Derived From Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis via the LIF-STAT3 Pathway.

Background: Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a secreted protein involved in tissue remodeling and fibrotic processes, which also suggests emerging roles in cancer. Studies have shown that it is mainly expressed in the outer membrane fibroblasts of injured arteries and in the neointimal smooth muscle cells, where it promotes cell migration and tissue damage repair. However, the regulatory role of CTHRC1 as a tumor microenvironment factor in pancreatic cancer is not well understood.

J147 modulates microglial polarization via CAMKK2/AMPK signaling to ameliorate neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation, characterized by an imbalance in microglial polarization, significantly contributes to various neurological conditions, including brain injuries, and represents a key therapeutic target for these conditions. This study aimed to determine whether J147, a known neuroprotective compound, could avert neuroinflammation by influencing microglial responses via CAMKK2/AMPK signaling. Employing an LPS-induced neuroinflammation model, we demonstrate that J147 exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, protecting brain structure and rebalancing cytokine profiles (e.

Construction and application of copula-based trivariate standardized river disconnection index for seasonal rivers in arid and semi-arid areas.

Traditional concepts of river health and methods for identifying ecological river disconnection are not applicable to seasonal rivers. Given the substantial negative impact of ecological river disconnection on river ecosystems and the importance of groundwater and soil moisture for the ecology of seasonal rivers in arid and semi-arid regions, developing a comprehensive index for accurately identifying ecological river disconnection in these rivers is crucial. This study introduces a new Standardized Seasonal River Disconnection Index (SSRDI), which is based on a Standardized Index (SCI) and a three-variable Copula function.

Overcoming cancer treatment resistance: Unraveling the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts.

The resistance to cancer treatment is a major clinical obstacle, being strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical elements of the TME. CAFs are heterogeneous and are activated through diverse pathways.

Risk factors analysis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with oral cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: The indications for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in oral cancer patients remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the relevant clinical characteristics of oral cancer surgical patients undergoing PEG.

Methods: Clinical data of oral cancer patients who underwent PEG from July 2020 to June 2021 at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were collected.

Inhibitory mechanism of pterostilbene and pinostilbene on aldose reductase and α-glucosidase: a new insight from inhibition kinetics and molecular docking studies.

Pterostilbene, a dietary polyphenol in blueberries, grapes and wine, possesses an anti-diabetic efficacy. However, the mechanism of anti-diabetic efficacy for pterostilbene is poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to systematically investigate inhibitory effects and inhibition mechanisms of pterostilbene or its metabolite (pinostilbene) against aldose reductase and α-glucosidase.

Metamaterial-Enhanced Solar-Driven Processes for Energy Conversion and Water Treatment.

To address global challenges in sustainable energy and water treatment, metamaterials have emerged as a transformative class of materials for solar-driven photocatalysis. Through nanoscale engineering, these artificially structured materials enable precise manipulation of light-matter interactions and significantly enhance solar energy utilization beyond the limits of conventional photocatalysts. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in applying metamaterials to solar-driven processes for energy conversion and water treatment, including photocatalytic CO reduction, water splitting for hydrogen generation, degradation of organic pollutants, and solar-driven water evaporation for purification.

Revealing electron transport connectivity as an important factor influencing stability of organic solar cells.

In the pursuit of advancing the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs), stability emerges as a paramount challenge. Herein, we show that the electron transport connectivity is a key factor determining the electron transport and device stability of OSCs. When compared to small molecular acceptors (SMAs), the larger-size polymeric acceptors (PAs) are likely to establish an electron transport network with superior connectivity.

miR-30a enhanced RIG-I-mediated type I interferon antiviral response by targeting USP14.

Type I interferon (IFN) signaling plays a prominent role in the host innate immune defense against viral infection. The regulatory roles of miRNAs on the innate immune response remain to be further explored. Although miR-30a has been implicated in the regulation of various viral life cycles, the underlying mechanism on type I IFN signaling remains controversial.

Bulk Charge Recombination Reduction Enabled High Spectral Resolution Perovskite Gamma-Ray Spectrometer.

Solution-grown metal halide perovskite single crystals have been demonstrated as potential gamma-ray spectrometer. However, the energy resolution of the solution-grown formamidinum lead bromide (FAPbBr) single crystal spectrometer still suffers from strong bulk charge recombination. Here, it is identified that the high bulk charge recombination arises from a gradient Type-I band distribution throughout the crystal.

On-road GHG emissions characteristics and durability of typical China-VI HDDVs in intercity transportation.

China confronts rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation sector, particularly under-addressed emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), challenging its carbon neutrality goal by 2060. Using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), the on-road CO, CH, and NO emissions characteristics and durability of seven typical China-VI HDDVs applied for intercity transportation were evaluated. A direct correlation was observed between increased instantaneous CO emissions and vehicle specific power (VSP), affirming the positive dependency of CO emissions on engine power.

Regulating Polymeric Adsorption Dynamics via Monolayer-Architected Hydrotalcite Integration for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells.

In organic solar cells (OSCs), the molecular aggregation property of donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architectures serves as a critical determinant in device performance. Nevertheless, the intrinsic steric constraints imposed by polymeric side chains frequently lead to metastable molecular packing configurations with diminished structural coherence. In this study, a morphological modulation strategy is proposed by adopting a 2D layered hydrotalcite (HDC) nanocrystal to regulate polymeric adsorption dynamics.

The Translational Research Program in Cancer Differences across Populations.

Background: Cancer incidence and mortality vary substantially across populations. The Translational Research Program in Cancer Differences across Populations (TRPCDP) was established in 2020 to address differences in cancer incidence and mortality rates within the United States, with a particular focus on colorectal cancer.

Methods: The TRPCDP centralized data acquisition and harmonization across three sites in the United States to create a well-annotated resource of colorectal cancer tumors across four populations: African American/Black, Alaska Native, Hispanic/Latino/Latina, and non-Hispanic White.

TMEM115: a promising marker for glioma immunotherapy and prognosis.

Background: Glioma is a common malignant primary brain tumor characterized by a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and unfavorable prognosis. Transmembrane protein 115 (TMEM115) is a protein-coding gene. It may play a role in the retrograde transport of proteins from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Analysis of the onset characteristics and diagnosis of 217 cases of renal tuberculosis.

Objectives: To explore the latest characteristics and diagnostic methods of renal tuberculosis, and to improve the new recognition and diagnostic level of renal tuberculosis.

Methods: We collected the medical records and postoperative histopathological slides of 217 patients diagnosed and treated with renal tuberculosis in the Department of Urology of Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from March 25, 2013 to February 6, 2024, and divided them into the typical group (145 cases) and the atypical group (72 cases) according to their onset characteristics, and analyzed the distribution of onset symptoms and the differences in the positive rates of different examination methods between these two groups.

Results: (1) Frequency, urgency and pain of urination were the main symptoms in the typical group (66.

Application of UAV remote sensing for vegetation identification: a review and meta-analysis.

Green vegetation is an essential part of natural resources and is vital to the ecosystem. Simultaneously, with improving people's living standards, food security and the supply of forage resources have become increasingly the focus of attention. Therefore, timely and accurate monitoring and accurate and timely vegetation classification are significant for the rational utilization of agricultural resources.

Localised evaporative emission inventory of gasoline vehicle volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China: Insights into regional variations and driving behaviours.

Evaporative emission from gasoline vehicles is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China. This study developed a localised evaporative emission model that incorporated key factors, such as fuel vapour pressure, temperature variations, fuel tank volume, carbon canister size, mileage, and parking behaviour. Drawing from the American MOVES and European COPERT models and combining with the real situation in China, the study created an emission inventory categorised by vehicle types, emission standards, emission processes, and regions.