Self-Toughened 2D Moiré Superlattice Membranes with Extreme Thermal Shock Tolerance.

Excellent mechanical strength and toughness are demanded for two-dimensional material (2DM) membranes in various applications to withstand extreme strain and temperature changes and resist crack propagation. However, the trade-off between strength and toughness poses significant challenges in meeting these requirements. This study presents a self-toughened 2D moiré superlattice membrane composed of vertically stacked hexagonal boron nitride and graphene (hBN/Gr) that exhibits high mechanical strength.

Sex modifies the association between malnutrition and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling older adults in the United States.

Background: Previous studies focused on the relationship between nutritional status and adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship between malnutrition and CKD in community-dwelling older adults in the United States is largely unknown.

Methods: Overall, 8,219 participants were included in this study, and classified as normal nutritional status, mild malnutrition, and moderate to severe malnutrition by Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score.

The Discovery of Potential Repellent Compounds for (Coquillett) from Six Non-Favored Hosts.

(Coquillett) () is a global extremely invasive quarantine pest which has a wide host range of fruits and vegetables. At present, there are a few control measures for , and deltamethrin and avermectin are commonly used. Among the hosts of , , , , var.

Analysis of the onset characteristics and diagnosis of 217 cases of renal tuberculosis.

Objectives: To explore the latest characteristics and diagnostic methods of renal tuberculosis, and to improve the new recognition and diagnostic level of renal tuberculosis.

Methods: We collected the medical records and postoperative histopathological slides of 217 patients diagnosed and treated with renal tuberculosis in the Department of Urology of Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from March 25, 2013 to February 6, 2024, and divided them into the typical group (145 cases) and the atypical group (72 cases) according to their onset characteristics, and analyzed the distribution of onset symptoms and the differences in the positive rates of different examination methods between these two groups.

Results: (1) Frequency, urgency and pain of urination were the main symptoms in the typical group (66.

Corneal surface changes after stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty combined with cross-linking for severe keratoconus.

Aim: To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (SLAK) combined with cross-linking (CXL) for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included. The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.

Engineering Glucagon via Molecular and Formulation Strategies: From Natural Hormone to Effective and Stable Therapeutics.

Glucagon, a 29-amino acid pancreatic hormone, plays a central role in glucose homeostasis through activation of the glucagon receptor (GCGR). While clinically essential for hypoglycemia rescue, its broader therapeutic applications face limitations due to challenging biophysical properties including poor solubility, strong aggregation tendency, and chemical instability, which currently require lyophilized formulations. Recent advances in peptide engineering and formulation science have enabled the development of next-generation glucagon analogs with enhanced stability and ready-to-use profiles.

Associations of VEGF-D levels with clinical manifestations in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a cross-sectional analysis of 631 cases.

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare neoplastic disorder characterized predominantly by dyspnea, recurrent pneumothorax, chylous effusion and diffuse pulmonary cystic changes in women. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) is an important biomarker for LAM.

Results: This study cohort comprised 631 LAM patients and investigated the correlations between serum VEGF-D levels and clinical manifestations of LAM.

Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of cognitive impairment induced by long-term selenium deficiency in mice.

As the aging population increases, cognitive impairment is emerging as a growing health issue worldwide. Low selenium status has been reported to correlate with cognitive decline in older adults. Nonetheless, the impact of prolonged selenium deficiency on cognitive function in adult mice and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Exploring the potential role of ADRB1 as a tumor suppressor gene and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer analysis.

Background: The β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) is an important membrane receptor belonging to the G protein coupled receptors, encoded by ADRB1. Norepinephrine released by the sympathetic nerve activates β-adrenergic receptors. Compared with β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), β-AR has higher affinity for norepinephrine.

Observation of choroidal and retinal changes in acute leukemia in remission using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To observe choroidal and retinal changes in patients with acute leukemia in the remission stage using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10 patients with acute leukemia in the remission stage (10 eyes) and 12 age-matched healthy controls (12 eyes). Demographic data, disease duration, and laboratory parameters were recorded.

Effects of Polysaccharide on Gut Microbiota, the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier, and Inflammation in Diabetic Mice.

Polysaccharides produced by the edible fungus can regulate blood sugar levels and may represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. However, there is limited information available about the mechanism of how polysaccharide (CCP) might improve diabetic conditions. This study investigated its effects on the intestinal microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier, and inflammation in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by streptozotocin, and its potential mechanisms.

HMOX1-LDHB interaction promotes ferroptosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in foamy macrophages during advanced atherosclerosis.

Advanced atherosclerosis is the pathological basis for acute cardiovascular events, with significant residual risk of recurrent clinical events despite contemporary treatment. The death of foamy macrophages is a main contributor to plaque progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that massive iron accumulation in advanced atherosclerosis promoted foamy macrophage ferroptosis, particularly in low expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) foamy macrophages.

Traditional Chinese medicine-based drug delivery systems for anti-tumor therapies.

The treatment of tumors continues to be significantly challenging. The presence of multiple modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the therapeutic outcomes remain limited and are often associated with adverse effects and inconsistent efficacy across cancer types. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of active components from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for their anti-cancer properties, which are attributable to multi-targeted mechanisms and broad pharmacological actions.

Programmable Circular Multispecific Aptamer-Drug Engager to Broadly Boost Antitumor Immunity.

Safely and effectively harnessing innate immunity to boost cancer immunotherapy is promising yet challenging. Hence, we have developed a series of programmable aptamer-based multispecific engagers by encoding various artificial aptamer-drug codons with DNA-templated polymerization, aiming to broadly boost innate and adaptive immunity for antitumor therapy. All circular single-stranded multivalent aptamer-drug conjugates (os-mvApDCs) had a dendritic structure, precise size, and excellent stability, enabling prolonged blood circulation, targeted tumor accumulation, and rapid multireceptor-mediated endocytosis.

The adaptive immune system in the retina of diabetics.

As the prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases each year, its most common microvascular complication, diabetic retinopathy (DR), is also on the rise. DR is now regarded as an inflammatory disease in which innate immunity plays a crucial role, and a large number of innate immune cells with associated cytokines are involved in the pathologic process of DR. The role of adaptive immunity in DR is seldom mentioned, probably due to the general perception of the immune privileged environment of the retina; however, in recent years there has been a gradual increase in research on the role of adaptive immunity in DR, and with the discovery of the retinal lymphatic system, it seems that the role of adaptive immunity can no longer be ignored.

Aberrant Lipid Metabolism and Complement Activation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stands as a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness among the elderly globally. As a multifactorial disease, AMD's pathogenesis is influenced by genetic, environmental, and age-related factors, with lipid metabolism abnormalities and complement system dysregulation playing critical roles. This review delves into recent advancements in understanding the intricate interaction between these two crucial pathways, highlighting their contribution to the disease's progression through chronic inflammation, drusen formation, and retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction.

Programmable Circular Multivalent Nanobody-Targeting Chimeras (mNbTACs) for Multireceptor-Mediated Protein Degradation and Targeted Drug Delivery.

Multispecific therapeutics hold significant promise in drug delivery, protein degradation, and cell recruitment to address clinical issues of tumor heterogeneity, resistance, and immune evasion. However, their modular engineering remains challenging. We developed a targeted degradation platform, termed multivalent nanobody-targeting chimeras (mNbTACs), by encoding diverse nanobody codons on a circular template using DNA printing technology.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of among children aged 30 days to <60 months in Beijing and Shenzhen, China (2018-2021) during pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objectives: To describe the carriage rate, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of () nasopharyngeal (NP) isolates among healthy children aged 30 days to <60 months in the cities of Beijing and Shenzhen during 2018-2021.

Methods: A NP swab sample was collected among four annual cohorts of healthy children at routine well-child visits. was identified by culture, optochin sensitivity and bile solubility, serotypes determined by latex agglutination and Quellung, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using E-test strips.

The systemic inflammatory response index is associated with chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension: data from the national health and nutrition examination study 1999-2018.

Background: Studies have shown that in hypertensive patients, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a poor prognosis. Inflammation is a highly important factor in the progression of CKD. Detecting systemic inflammation and intervening promptly in patients with hypertension may help reduce the risk of CKD.

Virucidal effects of eucalyptus essential oil on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Currently, the efficacy of vaccination for preventing and controlling PRRSV is insufficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel effective preventive strategies. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral effect of Eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) against PRRSV .

Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into conjunctival epithelial cells.

Severe conjunctival damage can lead to extensive ocular cicatrisation, fornix shortening, and even ocular surface failure, resulting in significant vision impairment. Conjunctival reconstruction is the primary therapeutic strategy for these clinical conjunctival diseases. However, there have been limited studies on induced differentiation of conjunctival epithelial cells derived from stem cells.

Optimizing stormwater runoff treatment: The role of two-stage tandem rain gardens.

Regarded as a superior urban stormwater management solution, rain gardens can effectively store rainfall runoff and purify water quality. However, the efficiency of traditional rain gardens (TRG) in regulating runoff and removing nitrogen and phosphorus varies under different hydrological conditions. In this study, the TRG was retrofitted to construct a two-stage tandem rain garden (TTRG).