Impact of Pandemic Shocks on Participation in Voluntary Organizations Among Older Adults in Nine Countries.

Social engagement, including participation in voluntary organizations, is vital for healthy aging. This study investigated the impact of the global pandemic on the participation of older adults aged 60 years and above in 10 types of voluntary organizations. Utilizing detailed COVID-19 data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys across 9 countries that collected data on voluntary organization participation before and during the pandemic, this study employed Difference-in-Difference models to estimate the pandemic's effect on the likelihood of older adults participating in voluntary services.

Military experience and depression: a prospective multi-cohort analysis across nations.

Depression is a growing public concern, but whether it is associated with military experience still needs investigation. This study aimed to examine this association among male veterans. We employed data from the Chinese Family Panel Study 2010-2020 (China), the Socio-Economic Panel 2009-2021 (Germany) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics 2009-2021 (USA) and included 27300 male adults aged above 18 years.

L-Arabinose Alleviates Functional Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

Functional constipation ranks among the most common disorders impacting human health, which is manifested by difficulty in defecation and a complex etiology. L-Arabinose, a pentose found naturally in fruit rinds and cereal husks, has been reported to regulate glycolipid metabolism, improve glucose homeostasis, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect and precise mechanism of L-Arabinose on functional constipation remain unclear.

Bidirectional longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and somatic conditions after adverse childhood experiences in middle-aged and older Chinese: A causal mediation analysis.

Background: Whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) preferentially induce depressive symptoms or somatic conditions remains to be explored.

Methods: Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2018. Fourteen ACEs were retrospectively reported and divided into 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more.

Unravelling High Water Vapor-Induced Inhibitory Effects on Pt/CoO Catalysts toward Benzene Oxidation.

Water vapor inevitably exists in the environment, which causes adverse impacts on many crucial chemical reactions. However, high water vapor of up to 10 vol %─relevant to a broad spectrum of industrial practices-for catalytic implications has been less investigated or neglected. As such, we explored an industry-relevant, humidity-highly sensitive benzene oxidation only in the presence of 10 vol % water vapor using the well-established Pt/CoO catalysts, to bring such an important yet ignored topic to the forefront.

Compromised cell competition exhausts neural stem cells pool.

Blood vessels play a crucial role in maintaining the stem cell niche in both tumours and developing organs. Cell competition is critical for tumour progression. We hypothesise that blood vessels may act as a regulator of this process.

What impact does hearing impairment have on cognitive health in older married couples in China?

Hearing impairment is a common geriatric health problem and chronic stressor, and it is associated with poor cognitive outcomes. However, little is known about the impact of hearing impairment in married couples, particularly its potential spillover effects on the cognitive health among spouses of individuals with impairment. Drawing on a stress-proliferation perspective, we used actor-partner interdependence models to examine (1) whether an individual's hearing impairment influences their spouse's cognitive function; and (2) whether AL, symptoms of depression, and social participation serve as mediators for such an association.

Joint daily functional trajectory and risk of new-onset Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in older adults with normal and abnormal weight.

Background: Associations between daily functional trajectories and new-onset all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of body weight are underexplored.

Methods: Data were from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 1994-2020. Daily function was assessed using (instrumental) activities of daily living ([I]ADLs).

Intertwined depressive and cognitive trajectories and the risk of dementia and death in older adults: a competing risk analysis.

Background: Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact, rendering their associations controversial. To date, their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored.

Aims: To explore the interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function, their developmental trajectories and the associations with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all-cause death in older adults.

Association between household and outdoor air pollution and risk for metabolic syndrome among women in Beijing, China.

This study explored whether household and outdoor air pollution is associated with a greater risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women. In all 11,860 women who cooked with clean energy were included in the analysis. Cooking frequency, range hood use during cooking, passive smoking exposure, and solid fuel use for heating were used to represent household air pollution.

A Link between Prenatal Stage of Life during the Great Chinese Famine and Subsequent Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Prenatal malnutrition may increase the risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood. This study investigated the association between prenatal exposure to malnutrition with risk of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults using the Chinese Great Famine of 1959-1961 as a natural experiment. Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study baseline survey (2011).

Internet use, cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and death in older adults: a multi-cohort study spanning developing and developed countries.

Background: Internet use is a double-edged sword for older adults' health. Whether internet use can prevent cardiometabolic diseases and death in older adults remains controversial.

Methods: Four cohorts across China, Mexico, the United States, and Europe were utilized.

Effect modifications of BMI transition and trajectory in the associations of adverse childhood experiences with new-onset dementia and its subtypes in older US adults.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dementia are associated and comorbid with obesity. However, according to emerging research, the role of obesity in the association between ACEs and dementia seems controversial.

Aims: This analysis aimed to explore the associations between ACEs and different dementia subtypes and the effect modification of long-term body mass index (BMI).

Number of children and cognitive function among Chinese menopausal women: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and social participation.

Objectives: This study examined the association between number of children and cognitive function and its possible hormone and psychosocial pathways in Chinese menopausal women.

Methods: We analyzed data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHALRS), including 4803 menopausal women. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression modeling and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to explore the association between number of children and cognitive function and the potential mechanisms.

Folate deficiency may increase the risk for elevated TSH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are two common chronic endocrine disorders that often coexist. Folate deficiency has been reported to be related with the onset and development of T2DM. However, the relationship between folate deficiency and TD remains unclear.

Impact of adverse childhood experiences on life expectancy with depression in the U.K. population: The mitigating role of educational attainment.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depression in later life.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the impact of ACEs on life expectancy with depression (DLE) and to assess how educational attainment affected expectations.

Participants And Setting: The study used data on 5597 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2013).

Motor intent recognition of multi-feature fusion EEG signals by UMAP algorithm.

The key to the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals lies in the extraction of effective features from the raw EEG signals, which can then be utilized to augment the classification accuracy of motor imagery (MI) applications in brain-computer interface (BCI). It can be argued that the utilization of features from multiple domains can be a more effective approach to feature extraction for MI pattern classification, as it can provide a more comprehensive set of information that the traditional single feature extraction method may not be able to capture. In this paper, a multi-feature fusion algorithm based on uniform manifold approximate and projection (UMAP) is proposed for motor imagery EEG signals.

Periconceptional Folic Acid Only Versus Multiple Micronutrients Containing Folic Acid and Association with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - Beijing Municipality, China, 2017-2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Inconsistent results have been reported on the association between periconceptional folic acid only (FAO) or multiple micronutrients containing folic acid (MMFA) supplementation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in previous research.

What Is Added By This Report?: In a prospective cohort study conducted among pregnant women in Haidian District, Beijing Municipality, it was observed that those who took MMFA demonstrated a higher likelihood of developing GDM in comparison to those who consumed FAO periconceptionally. Interestingly, the increased risk for GDM in pregnant women supplemented with MMFA compared to FAO was primarily due to changes in fasting plasma glucose.

The dilution effects of healthy lifestyles on the risk of depressive symptoms attributed to life-course disadvantages among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Life-course disadvantages and unhealthy lifestyles are well-known to independently induce depressive symptoms, but whether adopting healthy lifestyles can dilute the depressive risks attributed to life-course disadvantages remain unknown in China.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 5724 middle-aged and older people from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Depressive symptoms and healthy lifestyles (including regular exercise, reasonable sleep, never smoking, and no heavy alcohol consumption) were collected in 2018 while life-course disadvantages were collected in 2014.

Central adiposity increases the odds for plasma folate deficiency among Chinese women of reproductive age.

Objective: To explore the association between adiposity and plasma folate deficiency odds among women of reproductive age in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey on nutritional status among women of reproductive aged 18-30 years in 2005-2006 in China was conducted. General adiposity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m, and central adiposity was defined as waist circumference >80 cm.

Microscopic Reservoir Characteristics of the Lacustrine Calcareous Shale: An Example from the Es Shale of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Boxing Sag, Dongying Depression.

The Es shale is taken as the main research object to understand and describe the reservoir characteristics in Boxing Sag, Dongying Depression. Through core observation, X-ray diffraction, thin section observation, field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis, and low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption experiment, the reservoir space of the Es shale including pore types, pore size, and pore structure characteristics was elucidated. The study shows that the shale in the Boxing Sag has the following characteristics: (1) the reservoir space in the study area is diverse, with the development of inorganic pores, organic pores, and microfractures.

Vitamin B and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The relationship between vitamin B and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. To comprehensively evaluate the relationship between vitamin B and GDM, and to provide more information on GDM prevention, this study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin B and GDM. As of September 22, 2021, 304 articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Reading the Wind: Impacts of Leader Negative Emotional Expression on Employee Silence.

Employee silence has multiple negative effects on the organization. Studies on the influence of leader negative emotional expression on employee silence are extremely limited, and there are inconsistent findings for the expression of negative emotion among leaders, which highlight the need to explore boundary factors in this field. The purpose of this paper is based on EASI model to examine the impact of leaders' negative emotional expression on employee silence through the perceptions of psychological safety.