Distinctive clinical and radiological characteristics of persistent super-multiple ground-glass pulmonary nodules.

The clinical characteristics and pathophysiological processes of super-multiple ground-glass nodules (GGNs) remain poorly understood due to their rare incidence. This retrospective-prospective study aimed to elucidate these aspects by analyzing 75 patients with "super-multiple GGNs," having more than five persistent nodules, each measuring at least 5 mm, identified from a larger cohort of 2589 patients. We compared these patients with those having solitary GGNs (N = 691) and 2-5 GGNs (N = 458) to evaluate clinical and radiological characteristics.

Progress and Challenges in the Process of Using Solid Waste as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis.

Biodiesel, as one of the alternatives to fossil fuels, faces significant challenges in large-scale industrial production due to its high production costs. In addition to raw material costs, catalyst costs are also a critical factor that cannot be overlooked. This review summarizes various methods for preparing biodiesel catalysts from solid waste.

Inversed design of microstructure for vortex beam generation via perturbative backpropagation neural network.

Close attention has been paid to vortex beams recently; designing and constructing artificial microstructures capable of deliberate generation and manipulation of vortex beams are vital for the development of on-chip functionalized optical devices. However, the generation of complex vortex beams often relies on the stacking of metasurfaces, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of on-chip device design. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct complex vortex beams using a single metasurface.

A spatial imaging-transcriptomics paradigm for deciphering the molecular basis of microscopic MRI in the normal brain and Alzheimer's disease.

Imaging genomics offers powerful links between genetics and neuroimaging phenotypes, but conventional methods often lack spatial correspondence. We introduce spatial imaging-transcriptomics, a paradigm that directly integrates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spatially resolved transcriptomics (ST) with matched resolution from the same brain through spatially co-registered maps. We apply this framework to wild-type and Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models to uncover the molecular underpinnings of diffusion MRI.

The Effect of the AQP1 Gene Knockout on the Diversity, Composition and Function of Gut Microbiota in Mice with Heart Failure.

Introduction: This study aims to elucidate the impact of AQP1 on cardiac function and the intestinal microbiota in mice with chronic heart failure and to further investigate the broad effects of AQP1 on the gut microbiota composition in these mice.

Methods: AQP1 knockout mice were used as the experimental group, with wild-type mice serving as the control group. The study evaluated the effects of AQP1 on various physiological parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac function, cardiac color Doppler ultrasound, and 24 h urine collection.

Unique molecular signatures in rebound viruses from antiretroviral drug and CRISPR-treated HIV-1-infected humanized mice.

HIV-1 elimination from a subset of virus-infected humanized mice (hu-mice) is reported following sequential dual treatment with long-acting (LA) antiretroviral (ART) and CRISPR-Cas9 therapies. However, viral rebound is observed in > 50% of the dual-treated animals. The molecular signatures of the rebound virus, recovered from plasma, have now been determined.

Rutaecarpine alleviates aspirin-induced gastric injury via oxidative stress and ferroptosis inhibition.

Introduction: Rutaecarpine (RUT) has shown potential therapeutic benefits for gastrointestinal disorders, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of RUT in treating aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats.

Methods: SD rats received RUT for 7 consecutive days before aspirin-induced gastric damage.

An Efficient Deep Learning Framework for Automated Epileptic Seizure Detection: Toward Scalable and Clinically Applicable Solutions.

In this study, we present an efficient epileptic seizure detection framework driven by a graph convolutional neural network (GCNN). Unlike conventional methods that primarily rely on local features or complex feature engineering, our GCNN-based approach explicitly encodes the spatial dependencies among electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes, thereby capturing more comprehensive spatiotemporal features. A minimal preprocessing pipeline, consisting only of bandpass filtering and segmenting, reduces system complexity and computational overhead.

Mechanisms underlying the chronic toxicity of ofloxacin to Daphnia magna: Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy allocation.

Ofloxacin (OFL), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has attracted attention due to its extensive use and frequent environmental detection, posing ecological risks in aquatic systems. Herein, a multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of OFL (0.01, 0.

EzrA promotes Z-ring formation through interaction of its QNR motif with FtsA.

Bacterial cell division requires precise placement and formation of the division machinery to ensure the accurate generation of identical daughter cells. This process is canonically initiated by the highly conserved FtsZ but also needs the involvement of a variety of FtsZ-binding proteins to orchestrate the spatial and temporal positioning and assembly of the Z-ring. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.

An algorithm for road target detection of autonomous vehicles based on improved YOLOv8.

With the development of automatic driving technology, the correct driving of autonomous vehicles on the road is a research hotspot at present. Affected by the complex road traffic conditions and driving environment, the current autonomous vehicle's ability to accurately identify road targets through on-board cameras still needs to be improved. Aiming at the problems of near-target error detection and remote target missing detection in road target detection of autonomous vehicles, an improved road target detection algorithm YOLOv8-RTDAV based on YOLOv8n was proposed.

Bioinspired Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Multidisciplinary Integration to Next-Generation Intelligence.

Soft robotics, distinguished by intrinsic compliance, biomimetic adaptability, and safe human-environment interaction, has emerged as a transformative paradigm in next-generation intelligent systems. Biological systems, refined through evolutionary optimization, exhibit unparalleled multifunctionality in unstructured environments, inspiring the development of soft robots with energy-efficient reconfiguration and environmental responsiveness. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of intelligent soft robotics via multidisciplinary integration, covering key aspects from bioinspired design principles to advanced functional implementation.

All-Optical Synapses Based on a Mechanoluminescent Material.

Neuromorphic computing systems hold promises to overcome the inefficiencies of conventional von Neumann architecture, which are constrained by data transfer bottlenecks. However, conventional electrically modulated synapses face inherent limitations such as limited switching speed, elevated power consumption, and substantial interconnection loss. Optical signaling offers a transformative alternative, leveraging ultrafast transmission, high bandwidth, and minimal crosstalk.

Ultra-compact, ultra-low-loss and broadband 2 × 2 nonvolatile optical switch based on SbSe phase change material.

We propose an ultra-compact broadband 2 × 2 nonvolatile optical switch based on two adjacent silicon waveguides embedded with a low-loss phase change material (SbSe). In the crystalline state of SbSe, the two waveguides in the middle section are not coupled, and meanwhile they have a π phase difference. Consequently, the structure functions as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the optical switch operates in the bar state, achieving insertion loss of 0.

A Laser Synthesis Strategy to Boost Oxygen Evolution Kinetics on Stainless Steel-Based Catalyst via Dual-Metal Segmentally Coordinated Reaction Centers for Efficient Alkaline Water Splitting.

The fabrication of efficient, stable, and noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen energy field has been of great interest, but still faces numerous challenges, especially in the development of fast and convenient strategies. This study reports a state-of-the-art strategy for the ultrafast preparation of spinel-type oxide self-supporting catalysts on stainless steel by ultrafast two-step laser synthesis. The self-supporting catalytic electrode not only possesses remarkable superhydrophilic/superaerophobic properties but also the constructed (Ni, Fe, Co)(Fe, Cr)O·(OH)@SS304 microcone array catalyst also demonstrates a superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 130 mV at 10 mA cm, a Tafel slope of 34.

Diffusion-weighted GRASE sequence with 3D navigator for high-resolution time-dependent diffusion MRI in the human cortical gray matter.

Purpose: Oscillating gradient (OG) and pulsed gradient spin-echo diffusion MRI (dMRI) allows the acquisition of diffusion-weighted signals at varying diffusion time (t) and thus enables characterization of microstructure in complex tissues. This study proposed an advanced three-dimensional (3D) navigator-based diffusion-weighted 3D gradient spin-echo (DW-GRASE) sequence, specifically designed for high-resolution whole-brain oscillating gradient spin-echo and pulsed gradient spin-echo acquisition.

Methods: We developed a 3D navigator for phase correction between multiple shots of the 3D DW-GRASE sequence.

Clinical efficacy of robotassisted singleposition OLIF with lateral plate combined with posterior unilateral fixation for singlesegment lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objectives: Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) has become a well-established treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) due to its advantages of being minimally invasive, effective, and associated with fewer complications. However, relying solely on lateral fixation provides limited strength and uneven load distribution. Conventional posterior bilateral fixation after OLIF typically requires intraoperative repositioning, increases fluoroscopy frequency, and involves extensive dissection of posterior muscles and soft tissues, resulting in greater trauma, blood loss, and risks of dural tear, nerve root injury, and persistent postoperative low back pain.

Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Soil-Available Phosphorus Modulate Phosphorus Acquisition Strategies of Alfalfa.

The comprehensive understanding of how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus (P) application affect P uptake by alfalfa roots is poorly understood. We analyzed the effects of AMF inoculation and P application levels on the trade-offs and variations in P acquisition strategies of alfalfa by assessing plant growth, root morphology, organic acid contents, phosphatase activity, root transcriptome, and soil P forms. AMF inoculation increased five organic acid contents (glutaric acid, 3-hydroxymethylglutaric acid, gallic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and fumaric acid) and phosphatase activity synthesized by alfalfa and secreted by the roots and hyphae, which activated soil Ca-P, Fe-P, and organic P, promoting root growth for P absorption and biomass.

Hsa-miR-7974 Suppresses Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation by Directly Targeting and .

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, a key factor in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies, is regulated by specific cellular microRNAs (miRNAs). This study investigated the role of Hsa-miR-7974 (miR-7974) in this process. miRNA sequencing revealed significant downregulation of miR-7974 in reactivated EBV-positive cell lines (Raji and C666-1).

7 Tesla multimodal MRI dataset of ex-vivo human brain.

Ex-vivo MRI offers invaluable insights into the complexity of the human brain, enabling high-resolution anatomical delineation and integration with histopathology, and thus, contributes to both basic and clinical studies on normal and pathological brains. However, ex-vivo MRI is challenging in sample preparation, acquisition, and data analysis, and existing ex-vivo MRI datasets are often single image modality and lack of ethnic diversity. In our study, we aimed to address these limitations by constructing a comprehensive multimodal MRI database acquired from six ex-vivo Chinese human brains.

Ordered Architectonics of Magnetic Units Triggering Excellent Electrothermal Conversion Performance of Thick Films.

The low electrical transport performance of flexible thermoelectric (TE) films is the bottleneck that restricts the development of in-plane heat dissipation technology based on the Peltier effect. The architectonics of magnetic units in TE materials have been proven to be an effective method to improve the efficiency of TE conversion. In this study, a series of BiSbTe (BST)/Fe/BST thermoelectromagnetic (TEM) films were successfully prepared by ordered architectonics of ferromagnetic Fe nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) as magnetic units with different distribution shapes between two layers of BST/epoxy films through screen-printing combined with hot-pressing curing.

Diversity changes of rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria in L. under drought stress and rewatering.

Introduction: Drought stress severely impacts plant productivity, particularly in non-cultivated species such as .L. However, the role of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial communities in enhancing drought tolerance remains underexplored.

Modular access to alkylfluorides via radical decarboxylative-desulfonylative gem-difunctionalization.

Fluorine-containing compounds hold pivotal importance in life sciences. Recent decades have witnessed significant research efforts toward developing practical fluorination methods. Radical-mediated decarboxylative fluorination has proven to be a robust approach for incorporating diverse monofluoroalkyl groups.

Location-Differentiated DNA Hierarchical Cyclic Construction Demarcating Identical Biomolecules Across Cell Membrane Microenvironments.

Local molecular composition across cell membrane microenvironments exerts profound effects on cellular physiology and pathology. Yet spatial demarcation of identical biomolecules inside and outside lipid raft microdomains has not been determined. Here we report location-differentiated DNA hierarchical cyclic construction for lipid raft-differentiated spatial profiling of identical biomolecules in living cells.

Inhibition of recurrence and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer through nanoparticle-mediated silencing of LPCAT1 to remodel ATP energy metabolism.

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing its most aggressive and lethal subtype. TNBC is characterized by high rates of recurrence and lung metastasis after surgery, severely impacting patient quality of life. Recent studies highlight the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in driving cancer recurrence, migration, and invasion.