Prosocial Behavior and School Performance in the Transition to Adolescence: A Multicultural Study.

The present study explored the bidirectional longitudinal associations between prosocial behavior and school performance during adolescence in six countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States). A total sample of 884 adolescents (T1: = 10.34 years, = 0.

[Evaluation of high-throughput detection technology for ubiquitination signals based on ThUBD].

Ubiquitination is one of the most widely distributed, structurally diverse, and functionally important post-translational modifications for proteins in eukaryotic cells. At present, the methods for detecting ubiquitination signals mainly include immunological detection based on specific antibodies, mass spectrometry, and detection based on ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD), which together constitute a tool library for studying ubiquitination signals. Our team has previously developed a high-throughput detection technology based on an artificial tandem hybrid ubiquitin-binding domain (ThUBD), which achieves universal and highly sensitive detection of all polyubiquitin chain modification signals.

Concentration-dependent effects of boron fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of buckwheat.

Introduction: Boron is an essential trace element for plant growth and development, playing a critical role in flowering, fruit setting, nutrient transport, and stress resistance in crops. Buckwheat is‌ an important coarse grain crop, ‌and‌ its yield and quality are easily affected by boron nutritional status.

Methods: In order to identify the optimal concentration of boron fertilizer to maximize growth and yield of buckwheat, pot experiments and field trials were carried out at different mass concentrations of boron fertilizer solution: 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 mg/L.

Investigation of the Effects of Laser Welding Process Parameters on Weld Forming Quality Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design and Image Processing.

Image processing has been widely adopted as an effective technology for analyzing weld forming quality which is greatly affected by the welding process parameters. In this paper, an (5) orthogonal experiment is designed to investigate the effects of welding process parameters on the weld forming quality in laser welding of aluminum alloy. The weld characteristics including the weld width (), weld penetration (), weld area () and weld porosity () under the conditions of the different welding process parameters consisting of the laser power (), welding speed () and defocus distance () are extracted from the laser welding experiment based on image processing.

Investigating the mediating effect of plasma metabolites on the gut microbiome in influencing Behçet disease: A multi-omics validated Mendelian randomization study.

Although an established correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and Behçet syndrome exists, the potential mediating involvement of plasma metabolites remains unclear. Using the most recent statistical data from genome-wide association studies conducted in 2024, we investigated the causal relationships between 473 GM taxa, 233 circulating metabolites, and Behçet syndrome (Behçet disease [BD]) through a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach. This analysis was further supported by incorporating transcriptome and metagenomic data related to BD.

Serum-derived exosome proteomics unveils the distinct and adjustable nature of the dampness constitution in traditional Chinese medicine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), dampness is a pathogenic factor arising from impaired production and transportation of bodily fluids. While Fuling Zexie decoction (FLZXD) has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in dampness constitution (DC) treatment, the material basis underlying its constitutional modulatory effects remains unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study proposes objective indicators for the differentiation and therapeutic evaluation of DC and elucidates the material basis of FLZXD in DC treatment.

RNA target-independent non-canonical activation (RINCA) of Cas13 trans-nuclease activity.

A thorough understanding of unintended Cas13 activity is critical for ensuring the safe in vivo application of CRISPR-Cas13. In this study, we uncover the RNA target-independent, non-canonical activation (RINCA) of Cas13 by crRNA alone and elucidate its structural basis. RINCA poses both challenges and opportunities for Cas13-based technologies.

Parents' learning support and school attitudes in relation to adolescent academic identity and school performance in nine countries.

An important question for parents and educators alike is how to promote adolescents' academic identity and school performance. This study investigated relations among parental education, parents' attitudes toward their adolescents' school, parental support for learning at home, and adolescents' academic identity and school performance over time and in different national contexts. Longitudinal data were collected from adolescents and their parents in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States).

Microplastics Disrupt Soil Aggregate Stability and Associated Nutrient Dynamics in Mulched Salt-Affected Agricultural Soils.

Soil aggregates (SAGs) are fundamental to soil quality, influencing nutrient storage, cycling, and overall soil functionality. However, the accumulation and aging of microplastics (MPs) in soils pose emerging challenges to SAG stability and nutrient dynamics, particularly in salt-affected soils. This study provides a novel investigation into the relationship between MP characteristics and SAG dynamics, with a specific focus on salt-affected soils in northeastern China.

Rutaecarpine alleviates aspirin-induced gastric injury via oxidative stress and ferroptosis inhibition.

Introduction: Rutaecarpine (RUT) has shown potential therapeutic benefits for gastrointestinal disorders, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of RUT in treating aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats.

Methods: SD rats received RUT for 7 consecutive days before aspirin-induced gastric damage.

A Psychological Model and Measurement of the Fast-Slow Life History Strategy.

Human life history (LH) variation stems from developmental phenotypic responses to childhood environments. As with other psychological constructs, LH variation can be assessed by asking questions that are statistically linked to the underlying LH traits. This study introduces the fast-slow scale (FSS), a 35-item questionnaire designed to measure fast-slow LH strategies in adults.

A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent-to-Young Adult Executive Function Development in Seven Countries.

Executive functioning (EF) is an important developing self-regulatory process that has implications for academic, social, and emotional outcomes. Most work in EF has focused on childhood, and less has examined the development of EF throughout adolescence and into emerging adulthood. The present study assessed longitudinal trajectories of EF from ages 10 to 21 in a diverse, international sample.

Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer: a promising circular economy approach for improvement soil physical and chemical properties and sustainable crop yields.

Introduction: Food security faces multiple challenges, and increasing crop yields is an effective way to address this issue. Replacing chemical fertilizers (CFs) with organic fertilizers can affect soil nutrient cycling and hence crop yields, with changes in organic carbon content being an important way in which soil nutrient content affects crop production. However, the dynamics of the effect of organic fertilizer substitution on soil organic carbon and the mechanism by which it further contributes to yield formation are not clear.

[Study on mechanism of naringin in alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury based on DRP1/LRRK2/MCU axis].

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism by which naringin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(CI/R) injury through DRP1/LRRK2/MCU signaling axis. A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the model group, the sodium Danshensu group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose(50, 100, and 200 mg·kg~(-1)) naringin groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the sham group, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(tMCAO/R) model was established in SD rats using the suture method.

Physical activity and two-year change in adolescent well-being in nine countries.

The benefits of physical activity (PA) for well-being are well known; however, studies examining longitudinal effects across diverse international samples in late adolescence are limited. This study advances prior work by combining a partial longitudinal design with a multinational sample to assess the predictive effect of PA on biennial change in older adolescents' well-being, while testing for sex differences. The sample included 903 adolescents (50.

Single cell multiomics reveals drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has limited treatments, and cell type-specific regulatory networks driving MASLD represent therapeutic avenues. We assayed five transcriptomic and epigenomic modalities in 2.4M cells from 86 livers across MASLD stages.

Single cell multiomics and 3D genome architecture reveal novel pathways of human heart failure.

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality; yet gene regulatory mechanisms driving cell type-specific pathologic responses remain undefined. Here, we present the cell type-resolved transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and chromatin organization of 36 non-failing and failing human hearts profiled from 776,479 cells spanning all cardiac chambers. Integrative analyses revealed dynamic changes in cell type composition, gene regulatory programs and chromatin organization, which expanded the annotation of cardiac -regulatory sequences by ten-fold and mapped cell type-specific enhancer-gene interactions.

Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Three Proteins with Potential Diagnostic Value for Infection in Cows.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that affects cattle and human health. Although the tuberculin skin test (TST) is the main detection method, there is a need for simpler on-farm tests using fluid samples. This study analyzed plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) from two cow groups (Cohort A, 15 negative, 22 positive; Cohort B, 28 negative, 40 positive) to explore bTB indicators using proteome profiling.

Environmental enrichment promotes functional recovery from stroke via enhancing neuroplasticity through the action of -HB.

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide, unfortunately, no drugs are clinically available to promote functional recovery after stroke. Although animal environmental enrichment is a recognized paradigm for promoting stroke repair, elusive mechanisms hinder its clinical translation. Here, we show that β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) level in the peri-infarct cortex is upregulated after environmental enrichment (EE) exposure.

Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Revealed Dysregulated Kinases and Potential Therapy for Liver Fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is the initial stage of most liver diseases, and it is also a pathological process involving the liver in the late stages of many metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is important to systematically understand the pathological mechanism of liver fibrosis and seek therapeutic approaches for intervention and treatment of liver fibrosis. Disordered proteins and their post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, play vital roles in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.

Socioeconomic deprivation, brain morphology, and body fat among children and adolescents.

Given mounting literature linking environmental adversity with neurobiological alterations, other evidence has shown association between excess adiposity and attenuated brain development, leading to our current question of how the developing brain interacts with change in body composition in response to environmental challenges. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD®) Study, we conducted mediation analyses and demonstrated that socioeconomic deprivation (SED) was associated with lower total brain and cortical volumes via the mediation of higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and that WHtR likewise mediated the association of SED with global brain structures. The prefrontal structures showed region- and direction-specific pathways, with bilateral superior and middle frontal gyrus being most consistently related with WHtR in addition to the impact of SED.

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Parts of Ginseng Powder Using Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

The main root, reed head, and fibrous root are three different main edible medicinal parts of ginseng ( C. A. Meyer).