Trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the process of metropolitanization of Shanghai, 1973-2017.

Background: Shanghai has become a modern and international metropolis. A more comprehensive understanding of cancer incidence and mortality rates and socioenvironmental factors is explored to develop effective cancer control policies in Shanghai.

Methods: Cancer registration data are currently collected in Shanghai from 1973 to 2017, and socioenvironmental factors were obtained from the Shanghai statistical yearbook.

CEMIP2 sensitizes PDAC to chemotherapy through extracellular matrix remodeling by hyaluronan degradation.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks as third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with chemoresistance progression driven by the desmoplastic extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyaluronic acid (HA), one of the major components of ECM, is notably enriched in PDAC. HA-based strategies, like lowering HA levels with a hyaluronidase, are worthy of experimental evidence for PDAC.

Prevalence and clinical relavance of germline mutations in Chinese patients with pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: The prevalence and clinical significance of germline sequence variations in unselected Chinese pancreatic cancer (PC) patients remain underexplored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed PC patients (not selected for age or family history) who underwent germline cancer predisposition gene analysis from January 2019 to December 2023 at Ruijin Hospital. Comparative data were sourced from The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and the China Metabolic Analytics Project (ChinaMAP) database.

Prospective observational study on biomarkers of response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the compromised physical state of post-operative patients can hinder compliance. Biomarkers that identify candidates for prompt adjuvant therapy are needed. In this prospective observational study, 1,171 patients with PDAC who underwent pancreatectomy were enrolled and extensively followed-up.

BHLHE40 Inhibits Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Upregulating SREBF1.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is one of the most fatal human malignancies. The enhanced infiltration of stromal tissue into the PCa tumor microenvironment limits the identification of key tumor-specific transcription factors and epigenomic abnormalities in malignant epithelial cells. Integrated transcriptome and epigenetic multiomics analyses of the paired PCa organoids indicate that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 40 (BHLHE40) is significantly upregulated in tumor samples.

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals BHLHE40-driven pro-tumour neutrophils with hyperactivated glycolysis in pancreatic tumour microenvironment.

Objective: Innate immunity plays important roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as non-T-cell-enriched tumour. Neutrophils are major players in innate immune system. Here, we aimed to explore the heterogeneity and pro-tumour mechanisms of neutrophils in PDAC.

Constructing simplified microbial consortia to improve the key flavour compounds during strong aroma-type Baijiu fermentation.

The ester compounds play key roles in maintaining the sensory characteristics of alcoholic beverages. For strong aroma-type Baijiu fermentation, the volatile acids from pit mud microbes are key precursors for ester synthesis. However, the volatile acids can only be efficiently synthesized by the pit mud microbes in grains which attaches to pit mud.

Using Serological Proteome Analysis to Identify and Evaluate Anti-GRP78 Autoantibody as Biomarker in the Detection of Gastric Cancer.

The serological biomarkers as noninvasive tests are the most promising way for diagnosing gastric cancer (GC). Serological proteome analysis (SERPA) has been used to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and the corresponding autoantibodies in many studies. To explore the relationship between gastric cancer development and serum autoantibody anti-GRP78 response found by the method of SERPA with the GC cell line AGS, we included two cohorts (133 GC and 133 normal individuals in test group; 300 GC and 300 normal individuals in validation group) of patients with newly diagnosed GC for verification.

Discovery and Validation of Serum Autoantibodies Against Tumor-Associated Antigens as Biomarkers in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on the Focused Protein Arrays.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in patients with cancer can be used as sensitive immunodiagnostic biomarkers for the detection of cancer. Most of these TAAs are involved in the tumorigenesis pathway. Cancer driver genes with intragenic mutations can promote tumorigenesis.

Using protein microarray to identify and evaluate autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens in ovarian cancer.

The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive serological diagnostic approach in identifying and evaluating a panel of candidate autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) based on protein microarray technology for early detection of ovarian cancer (OC). Protein microarray based on 154 proteins encoded by 138 cancer driver genes was used to screen candidate anti-TAA autoantibodies in a discovery cohort containing 17 OC and 27 normal controls (NC). Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of candidate anti-TAA autoantibodies in sera from 140 subjects in the training cohort.

Establishment and validation of an immunodiagnostic model for prediction of breast cancer.

Serum autoantibodies that react with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer. This study aims to evaluate the immunodiagnostic value of 11 anti-TAAs autoantibodies for detection of breast cancer (BC) and establish a diagnostic model for distinguishing BC from normal human controls (NHC) and benign breast diseases (BBD). Sera from 10 BC patients and 10 NHC were used to detect 11 anti-TAAs autoantibodies by western blotting.

Overexpression of p62/IMP2 can Promote Cell Migration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

p62/IMP2 is an oncofetal protein that was first reported as a tumor-associated antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our previous studies, we demonstrated a high frequency of p62/IMP2 autoantibodies appearing in various types of cancer. Therefore, we hypothesize that p62/IMP2 plays an important role in the progression of HCC, although the mechanism remains to be explored.

Using recursive partitioning approach to select tumor-associated antigens in immunodiagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma.

The present study aimed to select anti-tumor-associated antigen (TAA) autoantibodies as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) by the recursive partitioning approach (RPA) and further construct and evaluate a predictive model. A case-control study was designed including 407 GAC patients as the case group and 407 normal controls. In addition, 67 serial serum samples from 25 GAC patients were collected at different time points before and after gastrectomy treatment.

Autoantibody against 14-3-3 zeta: a serological marker in detection of gastric cancer.

Purpose: Autoantibody to 14-3-3 zeta was identified in gastric cancer (GC) by serological proteome analysis (SERPA) in our previous study. We comprehensively evaluated its ability to detect GC, determined its association with clinical characteristics, and explored its temporal change in GC patients before and after gastrectomy resection in this study.

Methods: Anti-14-3-3 zeta antibody was examined by immunoassay in sera from 465 GC patients and 465 normal individuals, and also in 69 serial sera from 26 GC patients before and after resection.

Using a panel of multiple tumor-associated antigens to enhance the autoantibody detection in the immunodiagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major malignancy affecting a large population over the world, and a biomarker that holds diagnostic potential is of critical importance. Recently, autoantibodies have been indicated as biomarkers in multiple cancer research. The current study was designed to explore the practice of using autoantibodies in diagnostic settings by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera with a panel of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).

Using a panel of multiple tumor-associated antigens to enhance autoantibody detection for immunodiagnosis of gastric cancer.

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are attractive non-invasive biomarkers for detection of cancer due to their inherently stable in serum. Serum autoantibodies against 9 TAAs from gastric cancer (GC) patients and healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A logistic regression model predicting the risk of being diagnosed with GC in the training cohort (n = 558) was generated and then validated in an independent cohort (n = 372).

Circulating plasma microRNAs in the detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported as diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer (EC) diagnosis. However, contrasting results have been achieved in different studies. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed, based on the systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science, to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in the peripheral blood in EC.

Acid-degradable lactobionic acid-modified soy protein nanogels crosslinked by ortho ester linkage for efficient antitumor in vivo.

It remains a crucial challenge to achieve efficient cellular uptake and intracellular drug release in tumor cells for the nanoscale drug delivery systems. Herein, acid-degradable nanogels were prepared by cross-linking methacrylated soy protein with an acid-labile ortho ester cross-linker (NG1), and then modified with lactobionic acid (LA) to give tumor-targeted nanogels (NG2). Both NG1 and NG2 displayed excellent stability in neutral environment, while showed pH-triggered degradation behaviors under mildly acidic conditions resulting from the breakage of ortho ester bonds.

MicroRNA-155 inversely correlates with esophageal cancer progression through regulating tumor-associated macrophage FGF2 expression.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies with high incidence and mortality. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment have been linked to the accelerated tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miR) are 19-25 nucleotide-long, noncoding RNA molecules, functioning as modulators of gene expression, and mediate a variety of biological functions, including tumor growth.

pH-sensitive carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels via acid-labile ortho ester linkage for potential biomedical applications.

Hydrogel systems with favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability are of much interest for application in biomaterials and tissue engineering. In this study, a new ortho ester-based acid-labile crosslink agent with dual-epoxy end groups was synthesized and crosslinked with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) at different molar ratios to prepare a series of pH-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivering. Doxorubicin (DOX) was then readily loaded into the hydrogels and the in vitro release profiles indicated that the release rate increased rapidly while pH decreased from 7.

Well-Defined Poly(Ortho Ester Amides) for Potential Drug Carriers: Probing the Effect of Extra- and Intracellular Drug Release on Chemotherapeutic Efficacy.

To compare the chemotherapeutic efficacy determined by extra- and intracellular drug release strategies, poly(ortho ester amide)-based drug carriers (POEAd-C) with well-defined main-chain lengths, are successfully constructed by a facile method. POEAd-C3-doxorubicin (DOX) can be rapidly dissolved to release drug at tumoral extracellular pH (6.5-7.

A panel of autoantibodies against multiple tumor-associated antigens in the immunodiagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in China with very low 5-year survival rate mostly due to the paucity of effective early diagnostic methods. Serum autoantibodies against 9 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) from ESCC patients and healthy controls were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate their performances in the immunodiagnosis of ESCC. Logistic regression models were generated to predict the probability of individuals being diagnosed with ESCC in training cohort (648 participants) and further validated in another independent cohort (372 participants).

Tumor associated antigens or anti-TAA autoantibodies as biomarkers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review aims to outline and summarize known tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or anti-TAA autoantibodies and their diagnostic values in ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in two databases. Data were independently extracted and reviewed by two junior investigators and the disagreement was further resolved by consulting one of the senior investigators.