Advances and Challenges in Nano-Delivery Systems for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with current treatment options offering only limited improvement in patient survival. Despite the advancement of modalities such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, gene therapy, focused ultrasound, and tumor-treating fields, therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory due to challenges such as the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising platform to enhance the delivery, specificity, and combinatorial potential of these therapies.

13-methylpalmatine alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by potentially targeting the C5a-C5aR1 axis to inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation.

The complement system activation-induced inflammation is a critical contributor to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, effective therapeutic targets and pharmacological interventions remain limited. In this study, we identified 13-methylpalmatine (13-Me-PLT), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptidis chinensis, as a cardio-protective agent that improved cardiac function and reduced inflammation in a rat model of myocardial I/R injury.

Pediatric peripapillary choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular sarcoidosis: a long-term follow-up case.

Background: To describe a 14-year-old male with probable ocular sarcoidosis and bilateral peripapillary choroidal neovascularization (PCNV).

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 14-year-old boy with a 2-month history of floaters and gradual vision loss in both eyes. Examination revealed bilateral granulomatous uveitis with peripapillary subretinal lesions.

Phenotypic screening uncovered anti-myocardial fibrosis candidates using a novel 3D myocardial tissue under hypoxia.

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological hallmark of cardiovascular diseases, reflecting shared mechanisms in their progression. However, the lack of reliable MF models that accurately mimic its pathogenesis has hindered drug discovery, highlighting the urgent need for more effective therapeutic agents. Herein, a novel contractile three-dimensional (3D) myocardial tissue model integrating cardiomyocytes, cardiac-fibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived macrophages in collagen hydrogel was developed to simulate the fibrotic changes of cardiovascular disease, and facilitate the screening of anti-MF compounds.

Quantification of myocardial oxygen extraction fraction on noncontrast MRI enabled by deep learning.

Purpose: To develop a new deep learning enabled cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) approach for noncontrast quantification of myocardial oxygen extraction fraction (mOEF) and myocardial blood volume (MBV) in vivo.

Materials And Methods: An asymmetric spin-echo prepared CMR sequence was created in a 3 T MRI clinical system. A UNet-based fully connected neural network was developed based on a theoretical model of CMR signals to calculate mOEF and MBV.

Global Burden of Female Breast Cancer Attributable to High Fasting Plasma Glucose From 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2046: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) plays an important role in the progression of breast cancer. This study aims to assess the global time trends of female breast cancer attributable to HFPG from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2046.

Methods: This study obtained the number and age-standardised rate of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of female breast cancer burden attributable to HFPG by age, region, country, and socio-demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2021.

Effects of Dexmedetomidine Combined With Lidocaine Topical Administration on Cough Reflex During Extubation in Thyroidectomy Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Cough reflex during extubation can lead to complications such as increased bleeding and hemodynamic instability, especially in thyroidectomy, therefore, effective suppression of cough reflex is clinically important. The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine on the cough reflex during extubation in thyroidectomy.

Methods: A total of 180 female patients, aged 18 to 65 years, undergoing elective thyroidectomy under general anesthesia, were randomized into 3 groups: dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine (Dex-Lido group, n = 60), lidocaine alone (Lido group, n = 60), or normal saline (Control group, n = 60).

Model-based self-supervised learning for quantitative assessment of myocardial oxygen extraction fraction and myocardial blood volume.

Purpose: To develop a model-driven, self-supervised deep learning network for end-to-end simultaneous mapping of myocardial oxygen extraction fraction (mOEF) and myocardial blood volume (MBV).

Methods: An asymmetrical spin echo-prepared sequence was used to acquire mOEF and MBV images. By integrating a physical model into the training process, a self-supervised learning (SSL) pattern can be regulated.

Screening colorectal cancer associated autoantigens through multi-omics analysis and diagnostic performance evaluation of corresponding autoantibodies.

Background: This study aims to screen, validate novel biomarkers and develop a user-friendly online tool for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Multi-omics approach, comprising proteomic analysis and single-cell transcriptomic analysis, was utilized to discover candidate tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The presence of tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) in serum was subsequently assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 300 CRC patients and 300 healthy controls.

Autoantibodies as Potential Liquid Biopsy Biomarker in Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Review and Meta-Analysis.

Autoantibodies against tumour-associated antigens (TAA) are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic values of tumour-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) in patients with pancreatic cancer. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to collect eligible studies.

Draconis Sanguis (DS) from the fruit of Daemonorops draco Bl. ameliorates cardiac function through optimizing myocardial energy metabolism by promoting angiogenesis in ischemic heart failure.

Backgroud: Draconis Sanguis (DS), a precious traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood and dissolving stasis, has been used in treating ischemic cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of DS against heart failure after myocardial ischemia (MI) remains unclear, especially concerning angiogenesis and energy metabolism, which have never been elucidated.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of DS in ischemic heart failure (IHF) from the perspectives of angiogenesis and energy metabolism.

Hyperandrogenism increases late spontaneous miscarriage in polycystic ovary syndrome women due to cervical insufficiency? A propensity-score matching study.

Background: The potential effects of hyperandrogenism (HA) on pregnancy outcomes among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of HA on miscarriage rate after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment in PCOS patients.

Methods: Women diagnosed with PCOS who underwent the first autologous IVF/ICSI cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) protocols for ovarian stimulation during the period from January 2016 to December 2022 were included.

Advances in fear memory erasure and its neural mechanisms.

Background: In nature, animals must learn to recognize danger signals and respond immediately to threats to improve their environmental adaptation. However, excessive fear responses can lead to diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder, wherein traumatic events result in persistent traumatic memories. Therefore, erasing pathological fear memories is a crucial topic in neuroscience for understanding the nature of memories and treating clinically relevant diseases.

The association between Vitamin D deficiency and clinical pregnancy rate in IVF patients with different age.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of serum VD status on IVF outcomes and to observe the effect of VD deficiency on the expression of the endometrial receptivity marker HOXA10.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing their first IVF cycles were divided into 3 groups according to VD levels (deficient: <20 ng/mL, insufficient: 20-29.9 ng/mL), and replete ≥30 ng/mL).

Preparation of crosslinked lignin-polyacrylamide hydrogel with high resistance to temperature and salinity.

In this study, we innovatively prepared a multifunctional lignin crosslinked polyacrylamide (L-cPAM) hydrogel by a sequential two-step strategy of crosslinking of lignin and crosslinked polyacrylamide (cPAM) followed by the polymerization of cPAM. The hydrogen bonding and crosslinking between the molecular chains of lignin and PAM established a rigid and porous network structure, which provided the L-cPAM hydrogel with excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and salinity resistance. A series of lignin dosages (0 to 30 %) were investigated during the crosslinking of lignin and PAM.

Prospective Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired disorder characterized by systemic activation of blood coagulation, which can arise from various causes. Owing to its abrupt onset, rapid progression, and high mortality rate, DIC presents a major clinical challenge. Anticoagulant drugs, such as heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin, are the current gold standard of treatment; however, these interventions pose considerable bleeding risks.

Role of endogenous T1ρ and its dispersion imaging in differential diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis.

Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has demonstrated excellent performance in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). However, misdiagnosis occasionally occurs because the morphological and functional features of CA are non-specific. This study was performed to determine the value of non-contrast CMR T1ρ in the diagnosis of CA.

ESCCPred: a machine learning model for diagnostic prediction of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using autoantibody profiles.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly cancer with no clinically ideal biomarkers for early diagnosis. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a user-friendly diagnostic tool for early ESCC detection.

Methods: The study encompassed three phases: discovery, verification, and validation, comprising a total of 1309 individuals.

Anti-BIRC5 autoantibody serves as a valuable biomarker for diagnosing AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Autoantibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAbs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection. This research aimed to assess the diagnostic capacity of anti-BIRC5 autoantibody in detecting AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (ANHCC).

Methods: This research was carried out in three stages (discovery phase, validation phase, and evaluation phase) and included a total of 744 participants.

A polygenetic risk score combined with environmental factors better predict susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese population.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate environmental factors and genetic variant loci associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese population and construct a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and polygenic risk score (PRS).

Methods: A case-control study was applied to confirm the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental variables linked to HCC in the Chinese population, which had been screened by meta-analyses. wGRS and PRS were built in training sets and validation sets.